Merge branch 'master' into third-edition

# Conflicts:
#	.gitignore
#	chapter01/01-HelloWorld.js
#	chapter01/04-TruthyFalsy.js
#	chapter01/05-EqualsOperators.js
#	chapter01/06-ConditionalStatements.js
#	chapter01/14-ES6ParameterHandling.js
#	chapter02/01-Introduction.js
#	chapter02/02-CreatingAndInitialingArrays.js
#	chapter02/03-AddingRemovingElements.js
#	chapter02/04-TwoDimensionalMultiDimensional.js
#	chapter02/05-ArrayMethods.js
#	chapter03/03-BalancedSymbols.html
#	chapter03/04-DecimalToBinary.html
#	chapter03/04-DecimalToBinary.js
#	chapter03/05-TowerOfHanoi.html
#	chapter04/03-PriorityQueue.html
#	chapter04/04-HotPotato.html
#	chapter06/03-Operations.html
#	chapter07/02-UsingDictionaries.html
#	chapter07/03-HashTable.js
#	chapter07/04-UsingHash.html
#	chapter07/04-UsingHash.js
#	chapter07/06-UsingHashCollisionSeparateChaining.js
#	chapter07/08-UsingHashCollisionLinearProbing.html
#	chapter08/01-BinarySearchTree.js
#	chapter09/02-UsingGraphs.html
#	chapter09/02-UsingGraphs.js
#	chapter11/01-Recursion.html
#	chapter11/01-Recursion.js
#	chapter11/02-InfiniteRecursion.html
#	chapter11/02-InfiniteRecursion.js
#	chapter11/03-MinCoinChangeDP.html
#	chapter11/04-MinCoinChangeGreedy.html

Author: loiane

chapter01/01-HelloWorld.js

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+function output(t) {
+    document.write('<p>' + t + '</p>');
+    return;
+}
+
+alert('Hello, World!');
+console.log('Hello, World!');
+output('Hello, World!');

chapter01/04-TruthyFalsy.js

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+function testTruthy(val){
+    return val ? console.log('truthy') : console.log('falsy');
+}
+
+testTruthy(true); //true
+testTruthy(false); //false
+testTruthy(new Boolean(false)); //true (object is always true)
+
+testTruthy(''); //false
+testTruthy('Packt'); //true
+testTruthy(new String('')); //true (object is always true)
+
+testTruthy(1); //true
+testTruthy(-1); //true
+testTruthy(NaN); //false
+testTruthy(new Number(NaN)); //true (object is always true)
+
+testTruthy({}); //true (object is always true)
+
+var obj = {name:'John'};
+testTruthy(obj); //true
+testTruthy(obj.name); //true
+testTruthy(obj.age); //age (prop does not exist)

chapter01/05-EqualsOperators.js

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+//Packt == true
+
+console.log('packt' ? true : false);
+//outputs true
+
+console.log('packt' == true);
+//1 - converts Boolean using toNumber
+//'packt' == 1
+//2 - converts String using toNumber
+//NaN == 1
+//outputs false
+
+console.log('packt' == false);
+//1 - converts Boolean using toNumber
+//'packt' == 0
+//2 - converts String using toNumber
+//NaN == 0
+//outputs false
+
+console.log([0] == true);
+//1 - converts Boolean using toNumber
+//[0] == 1
+//2 - converts Object using toPrimitive
+//2.1 - [0].valueOf() is not primitive
+//2.2 - [0].toString is 0
+//0 == 1
+//outputs false
+
+//******************************* ===
+console.log('packt' === true); //false
+
+console.log('packt' === 'packt'); //true
+
+var person1 = {name:'John'};
+var person2 = {name:'John'};
+console.log(person1 === person2); //false, different objects

chapter01/06-ConditionalStatements.js

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+/* Example 01 - if */
+var num = 1;
+if (num === 1) {
+    console.log("num is equal to 1");
+}
+
+/* Example 02 - if-else */
+var num = 0;
+if (num === 1) {
+    console.log("num is equal to 1");
+} else {
+    console.log("num is not equal to 1, the value of num is " + num);
+}
+
+/* Example 03 - if-else-if-else... */
+var month = 5;
+if (month === 1) {
+    console.log("January");
+} else if (month === 2){
+    console.log("February");
+} else if (month === 3){
+    console.log("March");
+} else {
+    console.log("Month is not January, February or March");
+}
+
+/* Example 04 - switch */
+var month = 5;
+switch(month) {
+    case 1:
+        console.log("January");
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        console.log("February");
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        console.log("March");
+        break;
+    default:
+        console.log("Month is not January, February or March");
+}
+
+/* Example 05 - ternary operator - if..else */
+if (num === 1){
+    num--;
+} else {
+    num++;
+}
+
+//is the same as
+(num === 1) ? num-- : num++;

chapter01/14-ES6ParameterHandling.js

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+//******* EcmaScript 6: Default Parameter Values
+function sum (x = 1, y = 2, z = 3) {
+    return x + y + z
+};
+console.log(sum(4,2)); //outpus 9
+
+//function above is the same as
+function sum2 (x, y, z) {
+    if (x === undefined)
+        x = 1;
+    if (y === undefined)
+        y = 2;
+    if (z === undefined)
+        z = 3;
+    return x + y + z;
+};
+console.log(sum2(4,2)); //outpus 9
+
+//******* EcmaScript 6: spread operator ('...')
+var params = [3, 4, 5];
+console.log(sum(...params));
+
+var numbers = [1, 2, ...params]; //pushing values into array
+console.log(numbers);
+
+//******* EcmaScript 6: rest parameter ('...')
+function restParamaterFunction (x, y, ...a) {
+    return (x + y) * a.length;
+}
+console.log(restParamaterFunction(1, 2, "hello", true, 7)); // outputs 9;
+
+//code above is the same as ES5:
+function restParamaterFunction2 (x, y) {
+    var a = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    return (x + y) * a.length;
+};
+console.log(restParamaterFunction2(1, 2, "hello", true, 7));

chapter02/01-Introduction.js

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+var averageTempJan = 31.9;
+var averageTempFeb = 35.3;
+var averageTempMar = 42.4;
+var averageTempApr = 52;
+var averageTempMay = 60.8;
+
+var averageTemp = [];
+averageTemp[0] = 31.9;
+averageTemp[1] = 35.3;
+averageTemp[2] = 42.4;
+averageTemp[3] = 52;
+averageTemp[4] = 60.8;

chapter02/02-CreatingAndInitialingArrays.js

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+var daysOfWeek = [];
+
+var daysOfWeek = ['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday'];
+
+var daysOfWeek = new Array(); //{1}
+
+var daysOfWeek = new Array(7); //{2}
+
+console.log(daysOfWeek.length);
+
+var daysOfWeek = new Array('Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday'); //{3}
+
+for (var i=0; i<daysOfWeek.length; i++){
+    console.log(daysOfWeek[i]);
+}
+
+//console.table(daysOfWeek);
+
+//fibonacci numbers
+// 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...
+var fibonacci = []; //{1}
+fibonacci[1] = 1; //{2}
+fibonacci[2] = 1; //{3}
+
+for(var i = 3; i < 20; i++){
+    fibonacci[i] = fibonacci[i-1] + fibonacci[i-2]; ////{4}
+}
+
+for(var i = 1; i<fibonacci.length; i++){ //{5}
+    console.log(fibonacci[i]);           //{6}
+}
+
+//instead of {5} and {6} we can simply use
+console.log(fibonacci);

chapter02/03-AddingRemovingElements.js

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+function printArray(myArray) {
+    for (var i=0; i<myArray.length; i++){
+        console.log(myArray[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+var numbers = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
+
+//add a new element to the numbers array
+numbers[numbers.length] = 10;
+
+numbers.push(11);
+
+numbers.push(12, 13);
+
+//printArray(numbers);
+
+//insert first position manually
+for (var i=numbers.length; i>=0; i--){
+    numbers[i] = numbers[i-1];
+}
+
+numbers[0] = -1;
+
+//printArray(numbers);
+
+//using method unshift
+numbers.unshift(-2);
+
+//printArray(numbers);
+
+numbers.unshift(-4, -3);
+
+//printArray(numbers);
+
+//**** Removing elements
+
+numbers.pop();
+
+//remove first position manually
+/*for (var i=0; i<numbers.length; i++){
+    numbers[i] = numbers[i+1];
+}*/
+
+printArray(numbers);
+
+console.log(numbers.length);
+
+//using method shift
+numbers.shift();
+
+printArray(numbers);
+console.log(numbers.length);
+
+//**** Removing and Adding elements from the middle of the array or specific position
+//splice method - parameter (index, howManyPositionsToBeRemoved, item1...itemX)
+numbers.splice(5,3);
+
+console.log('----');
+
+printArray(numbers);
+
+numbers.splice(5,0,2,3,4);
+
+console.log('----');
+
+printArray(numbers);
+
+console.log('----');
+
+numbers.splice(5,3,2,3,4);
+
+printArray(numbers);

chapter02/04-TwoDimensionalMultiDimensional.js

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+var averageTempDay1 = [72,75,79,79,81,81];
+var averageTempDay2 = [81,79,75,75,73,72];
+
+var averageTemp = [];
+
+//same as
+averageTemp[0] = [72,75,79,79,81,81];
+averageTemp[1] = [81,79,75,75,73,72];
+
+function printMatrix(myMatrix) {
+    for (var i=0; i<myMatrix.length; i++){
+        for (var j=0; j<myMatrix[i].length; j++){
+            console.log(myMatrix[i][j]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+printMatrix(averageTemp);
+
+//same as
+
+//day 1
+averageTemp[0] = [];
+averageTemp[0][0] = 72;
+averageTemp[0][1] = 75;
+averageTemp[0][2] = 79;
+averageTemp[0][3] = 79;
+averageTemp[0][4] = 81;
+averageTemp[0][5] = 81;
+//day 2
+averageTemp[1] = [];
+averageTemp[1][0] = 81;
+averageTemp[1][1] = 79;
+averageTemp[1][2] = 75;
+averageTemp[1][3] = 75;
+averageTemp[1][4] = 73;
+averageTemp[1][5] = 72;
+
+printMatrix(averageTemp);
+
+//** Multidimensional Matrix
+
+//Matrix 3x3x3 - Cube
+
+var matrix3x3x3 = [];
+for (var i=0; i<3; i++){
+    matrix3x3x3[i] = [];
+    for (var j=0; j<3; j++){
+        matrix3x3x3[i][j] = [];
+        for (var z=0; z<3; z++){
+            matrix3x3x3[i][j][z] = i+j+z;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+for (var i=0; i<matrix3x3x3.length; i++){
+    for (var j=0; j<matrix3x3x3[i].length; j++){
+        for (var z=0; z<matrix3x3x3[i][j].length; z++){
+            console.log(matrix3x3x3[i][j][z]);
+        }
+    }
+}