loader: handle SegmentationViolation for malformed ELF files

When processing malformed ELF files with invalid relocations,
vivisect raises envi.exc.SegmentationViolation during relocation
processing. This change catches these exceptions and converts them
to CorruptFile exceptions with helpful error messages instead of
crashing with a traceback.

Fixes #2794

Author: kami922

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 ### Bug Fixes
 
+- loader: gracefully handle malformed ELF files with invalid relocations @kami922 #2794
 - binja: fix a crash during feature extraction when the MLIL is unavailable @xusheng6 #2714 
 
 ### capa Explorer Web

capa/loader.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 from typing import Optional
 from pathlib import Path
 
+import envi.exc
 from rich.console import Console
 from typing_extensions import assert_never
 
@@ -175,6 +176,9 @@ def get_workspace(path: Path, input_format: str, sigpaths: list[Path]):
             vw = viv_utils.getShellcodeWorkspaceFromFile(str(path), arch="amd64", analyze=False)
         else:
             raise ValueError("unexpected format: " + input_format)
+    except envi.exc.SegmentationViolation as e:
+        # Malformed binary with invalid memory references (e.g., broken ELF relocations)
+        raise CorruptFile(f"Invalid memory access during binary parsing: {e}") from e
     except Exception as e:
         # vivisect raises raw Exception instances, and we don't want
         # to do a subclass check via isinstance.