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Terraform

Terraform is an open-source Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool by HashiCorp that lets you define, provision, and manage cloud infrastructure using simple, declarative configuration files. It works with multiple providers like AWS, Azure, GCP, Kubernetes, Docker, and more—allowing you to automate and version-control your entire infrastructure efficiently.

Terraform Setup & Initialization

Command Description
terraform init Initialize a Terraform working directory and download required providers
terraform init -upgrade Upgrade provider versions to the latest allowed
terraform providers Show the providers required for the configuration
terraform validate Validate Terraform code syntax and structure
terraform fmt Format Terraform files
terraform fmt -recursive Format .tf files in all subdirectories

Planning & Applying

Command Description
terraform plan Generate and show an execution plan
terraform plan -out=tfplan Save plan to a file
terraform apply Apply changes to reach the desired state
terraform apply tfplan Apply saved plan
terraform destroy Destroy all managed infrastructure
terraform apply -destroy Preview what will be destroyed

State Management

Command Description
terraform state list List resources tracked in state
terraform state show <resource> Show details of a state resource
terraform state rm <resource> Remove resource from state
terraform state mv <old> <new> Move or rename resources in state
terraform refresh Refresh state with real infrastructure
terraform import <resource> <id> Import existing infra into Terraform

Resource Targeting

Command Description
terraform plan -target=<resource> Plan changes for a specific resource
terraform apply -target=<resource> Apply changes to a specific resource

Inspection & Debugging

Command Description
terraform show Show current state or saved plan
terraform show -json Output state or plan in JSON
terraform graph Generate dependency graph
export TF_LOG=TRACE Enable verbose logs
export TF_LOG_PATH=./tf.log Save logs to file

Workspace Management

Command Description
terraform workspace list List workspaces
terraform workspace new <name> Create a workspace
terraform workspace select <name> Switch workspace
terraform workspace show Show current workspace

Output & Variables

Command Description
terraform output Show all outputs
terraform output <name> Show specific output
terraform output -json Output values in JSON
terraform apply -var="key=value" Pass variables via CLI
terraform apply -var-file="dev.tfvars" Use variables from file

Modules

Command Description
terraform get Download modules
terraform get -update Update modules
terraform init -upgrade Update providers + modules

Terraform Cloud / Backend

Command Description
terraform login Authenticate to Terraform Cloud
terraform logout Log out from Terraform Cloud
terraform init -migrate-state Migrate state to new backend
terraform init -reconfigure Reinitialize backend configuration

Miscellaneous

Command Description
terraform version Show Terraform version
terraform providers schema -json Print provider schema in JSON
man terraform Open Terraform manual (Linux)