Block running ES 8.17 with JDK 24+. (elastic#122517)

JDK 24+ will not work due to SecurityManager being disabled. This commit
makes the error explicit instead of runtime errors in SecurityManager
code.

Author: rjernst

distribution/tools/server-cli/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/server/cli/ServerCli.java

@@ -78,6 +78,13 @@ public void execute(Terminal terminal, OptionSet options, Environment env, Proce
             return;
         }
 
+        if (Runtime.version().feature() >= 24) {
+            throw new UserException(
+                ExitCodes.USAGE,
+                "Elasticsearch 8.17.x cannot run with JDK 24+, but you are running JDK " + Runtime.version()
+            );
+        }
+
         validateConfig(options, env);
 
         var secureSettingsLoader = secureSettingsLoader(env);

docs/changelog/122517.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pr: 122517
+summary: Block running ES 8.17 with JDK 24+
+area: Infra/Node Lifecycle
+type: bug
+issues: []