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| 1 | +"""Day 3: Maximum Joltage Extraction |
| 2 | +
|
| 3 | +This module provides the solution for Advent of Code 2025 - Day 3. |
| 4 | +
|
| 5 | +It finds the maximum numeric value that can be formed by selecting k digits |
| 6 | +from a string while maintaining their original order. |
| 7 | +
|
| 8 | +The module contains a Solution class that inherits from SolutionBase for |
| 9 | +extracting optimal digit sequences from power bank readings. |
| 10 | +""" |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +from aoc.models.base import SolutionBase |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | + |
| 15 | +class Solution(SolutionBase): |
| 16 | + """Extract maximum joltage values from digit sequences. |
| 17 | +
|
| 18 | + This solution finds the largest k-digit number that can be formed from |
| 19 | + a string of digits while preserving their original order. Part 1 extracts |
| 20 | + 2-digit values, while Part 2 extracts 12-digit values. Uses a greedy |
| 21 | + monotonic stack algorithm for optimal digit selection. |
| 22 | +
|
| 23 | + The algorithm ensures maximum value by keeping larger digits when possible |
| 24 | + and removing smaller preceding digits when necessary. |
| 25 | + """ |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | + def find_max_joltage(self, bank: str, k: int) -> int: |
| 28 | + """Find maximum k-digit number from digit string preserving order. |
| 29 | +
|
| 30 | + Uses a monotonic decreasing stack to greedily select the k largest |
| 31 | + digits while maintaining their relative order. Removes digits that |
| 32 | + would prevent forming a larger number. |
| 33 | +
|
| 34 | + Args: |
| 35 | + bank: String of digits representing power bank reading |
| 36 | + k: Number of digits to select for the output value |
| 37 | +
|
| 38 | + Returns |
| 39 | + ------- |
| 40 | + int: Maximum k-digit number that can be formed from the input digits |
| 41 | + while preserving their original order |
| 42 | + """ |
| 43 | + digits = [int(c) for c in bank] |
| 44 | + n = len(digits) |
| 45 | + remove = n - k |
| 46 | + stack: list[int] = [] |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | + for d in digits: |
| 49 | + while remove > 0 and stack and stack[-1] < d: |
| 50 | + stack.pop() |
| 51 | + remove -= 1 |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | + stack.append(d) |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | + if remove > 0: |
| 56 | + stack = stack[:-remove] |
| 57 | + |
| 58 | + value = 0 |
| 59 | + for d in stack[:k]: |
| 60 | + value = value * 10 + d |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | + return value |
| 63 | + |
| 64 | + def part1(self, data: list[str]) -> int: |
| 65 | + """Calculate sum of maximum 2-digit joltages from all power banks. |
| 66 | +
|
| 67 | + Each power bank reading is a string of digits. Extracts the maximum |
| 68 | + 2-digit number from each reading (preserving digit order) and returns |
| 69 | + the sum of all such values. |
| 70 | +
|
| 71 | + Args: |
| 72 | + data: List of power bank readings (digit strings) |
| 73 | +
|
| 74 | + Returns |
| 75 | + ------- |
| 76 | + int: Sum of maximum 2-digit values from all readings |
| 77 | + """ |
| 78 | + return sum([self.find_max_joltage(line, 2) for line in data]) |
| 79 | + |
| 80 | + def part2(self, data: list[str]) -> int: |
| 81 | + """Calculate sum of maximum 12-digit joltages from all power banks. |
| 82 | +
|
| 83 | + Each power bank reading is a string of digits. Extracts the maximum |
| 84 | + 12-digit number from each reading (preserving digit order) and returns |
| 85 | + the sum of all such values. |
| 86 | +
|
| 87 | + Args: |
| 88 | + data: List of power bank readings (digit strings) |
| 89 | +
|
| 90 | + Returns |
| 91 | + ------- |
| 92 | + int: Sum of maximum 12-digit values from all readings |
| 93 | + """ |
| 94 | + return sum([self.find_max_joltage(line, 12) for line in data]) |
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