Backport PR ipython#14684 on branch 8.x (Add sys.last_exc) (ipython#14685)

Backport PR ipython#14684: Add sys.last_exc

Author: Carreau

IPython/core/interactiveshell.py

@@ -2093,6 +2093,8 @@ def _get_exc_info(self, exc_tuple=None):
         sys.last_type = etype
         sys.last_value = value
         sys.last_traceback = tb
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            sys.last_exc = value
 
         return etype, value, tb