diff --git a/AutoDuck/makedfromi.py b/AutoDuck/makedfromi.py
index 53edf0111a..adb2fdfd13 100644
--- a/AutoDuck/makedfromi.py
+++ b/AutoDuck/makedfromi.py
@@ -83,9 +83,8 @@ def make_doc_summary(inFile, outFile):
curMethod[1].append("// " + doc + "\n")
else:
extra_tags.append("// " + doc + "\n")
- except:
- _, msg, _ = sys.exc_info()
- print("Line %d is badly formed - %s" % (lineNo, msg))
+ except Exception as msg:
+ print(f"Line {lineNo} is badly formed - {msg}")
lineNo += 1
@@ -150,10 +149,9 @@ def doit():
elif o == "-o":
outName = a
msg = " ".join(args)
- except getopt.error:
- _, msg, _ = sys.exc_info()
+ except getopt.error as msg:
print(msg)
- print("Usage: %s [-o output_name] [-p com_parent] filename" % sys.argv[0])
+ print(f"Usage: {sys.argv[0]} [-o output_name] [-p com_parent] filename")
return
inName = args[0]
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/app/basictimerapp.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/app/basictimerapp.py
index 6a21715de1..5fa4c15d05 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/app/basictimerapp.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/app/basictimerapp.py
@@ -127,12 +127,10 @@ def OnTimer(self, id, timeVal):
try:
exec(self.dlg.doWork)
print("The last operation completed successfully.")
- except:
- t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
- str = f"Failed: {t}: {v!r}"
+ except Exception as error:
+ str = f"Failed: {type(error)}: {error!r}"
print(str)
self.oldErr.write(str)
- tb = None # Prevent cycle
finally:
self.ReleaseOutput()
self.dlg.butOK.EnableWindow()
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/cmdserver.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/cmdserver.py
index cb751f0847..e1023edcda 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/cmdserver.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/Demos/cmdserver.py
@@ -83,10 +83,7 @@ def ServerThread(myout, cmd, title, bCloseOnEnd):
if bOK:
print("Command terminated without errors.")
else:
- t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
- print(t, ": ", v)
- traceback.print_tb(tb)
- tb = None # prevent a cycle
+ traceback.print_exc()
print("Command terminated with an unhandled exception")
writer.unregister()
if bOK and bCloseOnEnd:
@@ -94,10 +91,7 @@ def ServerThread(myout, cmd, title, bCloseOnEnd):
# Unhandled exception of any kind in a thread kills the gui!
except:
- t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
- print(t, ": ", v)
- traceback.print_tb(tb)
- tb = None
+ traceback.print_exc()
print("Thread failed")
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/debugger.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/debugger.py
index 72b9cf2dc4..81ccfe25f6 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/debugger.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/debugger.py
@@ -478,10 +478,8 @@ def RespondDebuggerState(self, state):
val = repr(eval(text, globs, locs))
except SyntaxError:
val = "Syntax Error"
- except:
- t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
- val = traceback.format_exception_only(t, v)[0].strip()
- tb = None # prevent a cycle.
+ except Exception as error:
+ val = traceback.format_exception_only(type(error), error)[0].strip()
self.SetItemText(i, 1, val)
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/fail.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/fail.py
index 0afc70eb37..babb39fb53 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/fail.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/debugger/fail.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
# It does nothing useful, and it even doesn't do that!
-import sys
import time
import pywin.debugger
@@ -15,9 +14,9 @@ def a():
a = 1
try:
b()
- except:
+ except Exception as error:
# Break into the debugger with the exception information.
- pywin.debugger.post_mortem(sys.exc_info()[2])
+ pywin.debugger.post_mortem(error.__traceback__)
a = 1
a = 2
a = 3
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/app.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/app.py
index 931a007871..2ef02b98a0 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/app.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/app.py
@@ -213,10 +213,10 @@ def OnHelp(self, id, code):
from . import help
help.OpenHelpFile(helpFile, helpCmd)
- except:
- t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
- win32ui.MessageBox(f"Internal error in help file processing\r\n{t}: {v}")
- tb = None # Prevent a cycle
+ except Exception as error:
+ win32ui.MessageBox(
+ f"Internal error in help file processing\r\n{type(error)}: {error}"
+ )
def DoLoadModules(self, modules):
# XXX - this should go, but the debugger uses it :-(
@@ -280,23 +280,23 @@ def OnDropFiles(self, msg):
# but handles errors slightly better.
# It all still works, tho, so if you need similar functionality, you can use it.
# Therefore I haven't deleted this code completely!
- # def CallbackManager( self, ob, args = () ):
- # """Manage win32 callbacks. Trap exceptions, report on them, then return 'All OK'
- # to the frame-work. """
- # import traceback
- # try:
- # ret = apply(ob, args)
- # return ret
- # except:
- # # take copies of the exception values, else other (handled) exceptions may get
- # # copied over by the other fns called.
- # win32ui.SetStatusText('An exception occured in a windows command handler.')
- # t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
- # traceback.print_exception(t, v, tb.tb_next)
- # try:
- # sys.stdout.flush()
- # except (NameError, AttributeError):
- # pass
+ # def CallbackManager(self, ob, args=()):
+ # """Manage win32 callbacks. Trap exceptions, report on them, then return 'All OK'
+ # to the frame-work."""
+ # try:
+ # ret = apply(ob, args)
+ # return ret
+ # except Exception as error:
+ # import traceback
+ #
+ # # take copies of the exception values, else other (handled) exceptions may get
+ # # copied over by the other fns called.
+ # win32ui.SetStatusText("An exception occurred in a windows command handler.")
+ # traceback.print_exception(type(error), error, error.__traceback__.tb_next)
+ # try:
+ # sys.stdout.flush()
+ # except (NameError, AttributeError):
+ # pass
# Command handlers.
def OnFileMRU(self, id, code):
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/__init__.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/__init__.py
index f237244924..73595f9352 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/__init__.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/__init__.py
@@ -29,37 +29,41 @@
def LoadDefaultEditor():
pass
-
-## prefModule = GetDefaultEditorModuleName()
-## restorePrefModule = None
-## mod = None
-## if prefModule:
-## try:
-## mod = __import__(prefModule)
-## except 'xx':
-## msg = "Importing your preferred editor ('%s') failed.\n\nError %s: %s\n\nAn attempt will be made to load the default editor.\n\nWould you like this editor disabled in the future?" % (prefModule, sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1])
-## rc = win32ui.MessageBox(msg, "Error importing editor", win32con.MB_YESNO)
-## if rc == win32con.IDNO:
-## restorePrefModule = prefModule
-## WriteDefaultEditorModule("")
-## del rc
-##
-## try:
-## # Try and load the default one - don't catch errors here.
-## if mod is None:
-## prefModule = "pywin.framework.editor.color.coloreditor"
-## mod = __import__(prefModule)
-##
-## # Get at the real module.
-## mod = sys.modules[prefModule]
-##
-## # Do a "from mod import *"
-## globals().update(mod.__dict__)
-##
-## finally:
-## # Restore the users default editor if it failed and they requested not to disable it.
-## if restorePrefModule:
-## WriteDefaultEditorModule(restorePrefModule)
+ # prefModule = GetDefaultEditorModuleName()
+ # restorePrefModule = None
+ # mod = None
+ # if prefModule:
+ # try:
+ # mod = __import__(prefModule)
+ # except Exception as error:
+ # msg = (
+ # f"Importing your preferred editor ('{prefModule}') failed."
+ # + f"\n\nError {type(error)}: {error}"
+ # + "\n\nAn attempt will be made to load the default editor."
+ # + "\n\nWould you like this editor disabled in the future?"
+ # )
+ # rc = win32ui.MessageBox(msg, "Error importing editor", win32con.MB_YESNO)
+ # if rc == win32con.IDNO:
+ # restorePrefModule = prefModule
+ # WriteDefaultEditorModule("")
+ # del rc
+ #
+ # try:
+ # # Try and load the default one - don't catch errors here.
+ # if mod is None:
+ # prefModule = "pywin.framework.editor.color.coloreditor"
+ # mod = __import__(prefModule)
+ #
+ # # Get at the real module.
+ # mod = sys.modules[prefModule]
+ #
+ # # Do a "from mod import *"
+ # globals().update(mod.__dict__)
+ #
+ # finally:
+ # # Restore the users default editor if it failed and they requested not to disable it.
+ # if restorePrefModule:
+ # WriteDefaultEditorModule(restorePrefModule)
def GetEditorOption(option, defaultValue, min=None, max=None):
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/vss.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/vss.py
index c357c58a4b..4c18ce387e 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/vss.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/editor/vss.py
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
import os
-import sys
import traceback
import win32api
@@ -96,9 +95,7 @@ def CheckoutFile(fileName):
ok = 1
except pythoncom.com_error as exc:
win32ui.MessageBox(exc.strerror, "Error checking out file")
- except:
- typ, val, tb = sys.exc_info()
+ except Exception as error:
traceback.print_exc()
- win32ui.MessageBox(f"{typ} - {val}", "Error checking out file")
- tb = None # Cleanup a cycle
+ win32ui.MessageBox(f"{type(error)} - {error}", "Error checking out file")
return ok
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/intpydde.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/intpydde.py
index 4b2365ab57..d9f33dbded 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/intpydde.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/intpydde.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
# is open. Strange, but true. If you have problems with this, close all Command Prompts!
-import sys
import traceback
import win32ui
@@ -29,10 +28,9 @@ def Exec(self, data):
# print("Executing", cmd)
self.app.OnDDECommand(data)
except:
- t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
# The DDE Execution failed.
print("Error executing DDE command.")
- traceback.print_exception(t, v, tb)
+ traceback.print_exc()
return 0
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/scriptutils.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/scriptutils.py
index abf5a40c13..6e5dc85f16 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/scriptutils.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/framework/scriptutils.py
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ def JumpToDocument(fileName, lineno=0, col=1, nChars=0, bScrollToTop=0):
def _HandlePythonFailure(what, syntaxErrorPathName=None):
- typ, details, tb = sys.exc_info()
+ details = sys.exc_info()[1]
if isinstance(details, SyntaxError):
try:
msg, (fileName, line, col, text) = details
@@ -616,7 +616,6 @@ def _HandlePythonFailure(what, syntaxErrorPathName=None):
else:
traceback.print_exc()
win32ui.SetStatusText(f"Failed to {what} - {details}")
- tb = None # Clean up a cycle.
# Find the Python TabNanny in either the standard library or the Python Tools/Scripts directory.
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/view.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/view.py
index 0d73382c3e..6b298a57e5 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/view.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/scintilla/view.py
@@ -506,9 +506,9 @@ def _AutoComplete(self):
self._UpdateWithITypeInfo(items_dict, typeInfo)
except:
pass
- except:
+ except Exception as error:
win32ui.SetStatusText(
- f"Error attempting to get object attributes - {sys.exc_info()[0]!r}"
+ f"Error attempting to get object attributes - {type(error)!r}"
)
items = [
diff --git a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browser.py b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browser.py
index b5629dc065..8025329926 100644
--- a/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browser.py
+++ b/Pythonwin/pywin/tools/browser.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
# >>> browser.Browse()
# or
# >>> browser.Browse(your_module)
-import sys
import types
import __main__
@@ -340,10 +339,8 @@ def OnInitDialog(self):
self.edit = self.GetDlgItem(win32ui.IDC_EDIT1)
try:
strval = str(self.object)
- except:
- t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
- strval = f"Exception getting object value\n\n{t}:{v}"
- tb = None
+ except Exception as error:
+ strval = f"Exception getting object value\n\n{type(error)}:{error}"
strval = re.sub(r"\n", "\r\n", strval)
self.edit.ReplaceSel(strval)
diff --git a/adodbapi/adodbapi.py b/adodbapi/adodbapi.py
index 8f590c4668..d403f6a8b2 100644
--- a/adodbapi/adodbapi.py
+++ b/adodbapi/adodbapi.py
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
import copy
import decimal
import os
-import sys
import weakref
from . import ado_consts as adc, apibase as api, process_connect_string
@@ -335,7 +334,7 @@ def close(self):
try:
self._closeAdoConnection() # v2.1 Rose
except Exception as e:
- self._raiseConnectionError(sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1])
+ self._raiseConnectionError(type(e), e)
self.connector = None # v2.4.2.2 fix subtle timeout bug
# per M.Hammond: "I expect the benefits of uninitializing are probably fairly small,
@@ -855,7 +854,6 @@ def _buildADOparameterList(self, parameters, sproc=False):
except api.Error:
if verbose:
print("ADO Parameter Refresh failed")
- pass
else:
if len(parameters) != self.cmd.Parameters.Count - 1:
raise api.ProgrammingError(
diff --git a/adodbapi/apibase.py b/adodbapi/apibase.py
index 40aeb9447f..7190541897 100644
--- a/adodbapi/apibase.py
+++ b/adodbapi/apibase.py
@@ -551,9 +551,8 @@ def __getitem__(self, key): # used for row[key] type of value access
return self._getValue(
self.rows.columnNames[key.lower()]
) # extension row[columnName] designation
- except (KeyError, TypeError):
- er, st, tr = sys.exc_info()
- raise er(f'No such key as "{key!r}" in {self!r}').with_traceback(tr)
+ except (KeyError, TypeError) as er:
+ raise type(er)(f'No such key as "{key!r}" in {self!r}') from er
def __iter__(self):
return iter(self.__next__())
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/gencache.py b/com/win32com/client/gencache.py
index 4012cb2a58..c42fc70680 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/gencache.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/gencache.py
@@ -766,12 +766,8 @@ def Rebuild(verbose=1):
print("Checking", GetGeneratedFileName(*info))
try:
AddModuleToCache(iid, lcid, major, minor, verbose, 0)
- except:
- print(
- "Could not add module {} - {}: {}".format(
- info, sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1]
- )
- )
+ except Exception as error:
+ print(f"Could not add module {info} - {type(error)}: {error}")
if verbose and len(infos): # Don't bother reporting this when directory is empty!
print("Done.")
_SaveDicts()
diff --git a/com/win32com/client/makepy.py b/com/win32com/client/makepy.py
index 8d23c9a171..a30038acd6 100644
--- a/com/win32com/client/makepy.py
+++ b/com/win32com/client/makepy.py
@@ -229,10 +229,8 @@ def GetTypeLibsForSpec(arg):
spec.lcid = attr[1]
typelibs.append((tlb, spec))
return typelibs
- except pythoncom.com_error:
- t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
+ except pythoncom.com_error as v:
sys.stderr.write(f"Unable to load type library from '{arg}' - {v}\n")
- tb = None # Storing tb in a local is a cycle!
sys.exit(1)
diff --git a/com/win32com/test/testall.py b/com/win32com/test/testall.py
index 991dbdf6c8..a9ee8dd60a 100644
--- a/com/win32com/test/testall.py
+++ b/com/win32com/test/testall.py
@@ -202,8 +202,8 @@ def get_test_mod_and_func(test_name, import_failures):
try:
__import__(fq_mod_name)
mod = sys.modules[fq_mod_name]
- except:
- import_failures.append((mod_name, sys.exc_info()[:2]))
+ except Exception as error:
+ import_failures.append((mod_name, error.__traceback__))
return None, None
func = None if func_name is None else getattr(mod, func_name)
return mod, func
@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ def make_test_suite(test_level=1):
for mod_name in unittest_other_modules[i]:
try:
__import__(mod_name)
- except:
- import_failures.append((mod_name, sys.exc_info()[:2]))
+ except Exception as error:
+ import_failures.append((mod_name, error.__traceback__))
continue
mod = sys.modules[mod_name]
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axdebug/expressions.py b/com/win32comext/axdebug/expressions.py
index 401b9a5996..cd4c71928c 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axdebug/expressions.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axdebug/expressions.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
import io
-import sys
import traceback
from pprint import pprint
@@ -58,10 +57,8 @@ def Start(self, callback):
exec(self.code, self.frame.f_globals, self.frame.f_locals)
self.result = ""
self.hresult = 0
- except:
- l = traceback.format_exception_only(
- sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1]
- )
+ except Exception as error:
+ l = traceback.format_exception_only(type(error), error)
# l is a list of strings with trailing "\n"
self.result = "\n".join(s[:-1] for s in l)
self.hresult = winerror.E_FAIL
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axdebug/util.py b/com/win32comext/axdebug/util.py
index b1b560e40e..e52eaeb822 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axdebug/util.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axdebug/util.py
@@ -80,19 +80,15 @@ def _Invoke_(self, dispid, lcid, wFlags, args):
)
# print("Invoke of", dispid, "returning", rc)
return rc
- except COMException:
- t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
- tb = None # A cycle
- scode = v.scode
+ except COMException as v:
try:
desc = f" ({v.description})"
except AttributeError:
desc = ""
- print(f"*** Invoke of {dispid} raised COM exception 0x{scode:x}{desc}")
+ print(f"*** Invoke of {dispid} raised COM exception 0x{v.scode:x}{desc}")
except:
print(f"*** Invoke of {dispid} failed:")
- typ, val, tb = sys.exc_info()
import traceback
- traceback.print_exception(typ, val, tb)
+ traceback.print_exc()
raise
diff --git a/com/win32comext/axscript/client/framework.py b/com/win32comext/axscript/client/framework.py
index 69e8cc5543..8ed22d8445 100644
--- a/com/win32comext/axscript/client/framework.py
+++ b/com/win32comext/axscript/client/framework.py
@@ -763,13 +763,9 @@ def SetScriptSite(self, site):
"Debugging extensions (axdebug) module does not exist - debugging is disabled.."
)
self.debugManager = None
- except:
+ except Exception as error:
traceback.print_exc()
- trace(
- "*** Debugger Manager could not initialize - {}: {}".format(
- sys.exc_info()[0], sys.exc_info()[1]
- )
- )
+ trace(f"*** Debugger Manager could not initialize - {type(error)}: {error}")
self.debugManager = None
try:
@@ -1197,11 +1193,11 @@ def EvalInScriptedSection(self, codeBlock, globals, locals=None):
def HandleException(self, codeBlock: AXScriptCodeBlock | None) -> NoReturn:
"""Never returns - raises a ComException"""
- exc_type, exc_value, *_ = sys.exc_info()
+ exc_value = sys.exc_info()[1]
# If a SERVER exception, re-raise it. If a client side COM error, it is
# likely to have originated from the script code itself, and therefore
# needs to be reported like any other exception.
- if IsCOMServerException(exc_type):
+ if IsCOMServerException(type(exc_value)):
# Ensure the traceback doesn't cause a cycle.
raise
# It could be an error by another script.
diff --git a/isapi/install.py b/isapi/install.py
index aa861bbfc5..2d1bcc0e43 100644
--- a/isapi/install.py
+++ b/isapi/install.py
@@ -563,16 +563,14 @@ def RemoveDirectory(params, options):
# Be robust should IIS get upset about unloading.
try:
directory.AppUnLoad()
- except:
- exc_val = sys.exc_info()[1]
+ except Exception as exc_val:
log(2, f"AppUnLoad() for {params.Name} failed: {exc_val}")
# Continue trying to delete it.
try:
parent = GetObject(directory.Parent)
parent.Delete(directory.Class, directory.Name)
log(1, f"Deleted Virtual Directory: {params.Name}")
- except:
- exc_val = sys.exc_info()[1]
+ except Exception as exc_val:
log(1, f"Failed to remove directory {params.Name}: {exc_val}")
diff --git a/isapi/threaded_extension.py b/isapi/threaded_extension.py
index a7fd17ff39..84bb78f980 100644
--- a/isapi/threaded_extension.py
+++ b/isapi/threaded_extension.py
@@ -156,7 +156,6 @@ def HandleDispatchError(self, ecb):
ecb.HttpStatusCode = isapicon.HSE_STATUS_ERROR
# control_block.LogData = "we failed!"
exc_typ, exc_val, exc_tb = sys.exc_info()
- limit = None
try:
try:
import html
@@ -166,9 +165,9 @@ def HandleDispatchError(self, ecb):
)
print(file=ecb)
print("Traceback (most recent call last):
", file=ecb)
- list = traceback.format_tb(
- exc_tb, limit
- ) + traceback.format_exception_only(exc_typ, exc_val)
+ list = traceback.format_tb(exc_tb) + traceback.format_exception_only(
+ exc_typ, exc_val
+ )
bold = list.pop()
print(
"{}{}".format(
@@ -187,7 +186,4 @@ def HandleDispatchError(self, ecb):
print("ORIGINAL extension error:")
traceback.print_exception(exc_typ, exc_val, exc_tb)
finally:
- # holding tracebacks in a local of a frame that may itself be
- # part of a traceback used to be evil and cause leaks!
- exc_tb = None
ecb.DoneWithSession()
diff --git a/win32/Lib/pywin32_testutil.py b/win32/Lib/pywin32_testutil.py
index e2b1b8b3ab..a897b878d4 100644
--- a/win32/Lib/pywin32_testutil.py
+++ b/win32/Lib/pywin32_testutil.py
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
-# Utilities for the pywin32 tests
+"""Utilities for the pywin32 tests"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
import gc
import os
import site
import sys
import unittest
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
import winerror
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+ from _typeshed import OptExcInfo
+
##
## unittest related stuff
##
@@ -214,7 +221,7 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
super().__init__(*args, **kw)
self.skips = {} # count of skips for each reason.
- def addError(self, test, err):
+ def addError(self, test, err: OptExcInfo) -> None:
"""Called when an error has occurred. 'err' is a tuple of values as
returned by sys.exc_info().
"""
diff --git a/win32/scripts/setup_d.py b/win32/scripts/setup_d.py
index 6fcb730d93..29fe352cd2 100644
--- a/win32/scripts/setup_d.py
+++ b/win32/scripts/setup_d.py
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ def _docopy(src, dest):
shutil.copy(src, dest)
print(f"Copied {src} -> {dest}")
return 1
- except:
+ except Exception as error:
print(f"Error copying '{src}' -> '{dest}'")
- print(sys.exc_info()[1])
+ print(error)
usage_and_die(3)