Add C++ exercises (#46)

* Update instructions to add more clarity

* Initial import of exercise files

* Initial devcontainer config for cmake

* Updating container config

* Completing exercises

* Update main README

Author: colindembovsky

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 			]
 		}
 	},
-	"postCreateCommand": "cd ./completesolution/node; npm install; cd ../../; dotnet restore ./completesolution/dotnet/MinimalAPI.sln; dotnet restore ./exercisefiles/dotnet/MinimalAPI.sln"
+	"postCreateCommand": "sudo ./.devcontainer/scripts/install-cmake.sh; cd ./completesolution/node; npm install; cd ../../; dotnet restore ./completesolution/dotnet/MinimalAPI.sln; dotnet restore ./exercisefiles/dotnet/MinimalAPI.sln"
 	// Features to add to the dev container. More info: https://containers.dev/features.
 	// "features": {},
 	// Use 'forwardPorts' to make a list of ports inside the container available locally.

.devcontainer/scripts/install-cmake.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+# Licensed under the MIT License. See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2090316 for license information.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+set -e
+
+echo "Installing apt packages..."
+apt-get update
+export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+apt-get -y install build-essential cmake cppcheck valgrind clang lldb llvm gdb
+apt-get autoremove -y
+apt-get clean -y
+rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+echo "Installing vcpkg..."
+export VCPKG_ROOT=/usr/local/vcpkg
+export VCPKG_DOWNLOADS=/usr/local/vcpkg-downloads
+export PATH="${PATH}:${VCPKG_ROOT}"
+DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" >/dev/null 2>&1 && pwd )"
+"${DIR}/install-vcpkg.sh" vscode

.devcontainer/scripts/install-vcpkg.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+# Licensed under the MIT License. See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2090316 for license information.
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+set -e
+
+USERNAME=${1:-"vscode"}
+
+. /etc/os-release
+
+# Add to bashrc/zshrc files for all users.
+updaterc()  {
+    echo "Updating /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/zsh/zshrc..."
+    if [[ "$(cat /etc/bash.bashrc)" != *"$1"* ]]; then
+        echo -e "$1" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
+    fi
+    if [ -f "/etc/zsh/zshrc" ] && [[ "$(cat /etc/zsh/zshrc)" != *"$1"* ]]; then
+        echo -e "$1" >> /etc/zsh/zshrc
+    fi
+}
+
+# Run apt-get if needed.
+apt_get_update_if_needed() {
+    if [ ! -d "/var/lib/apt/lists" ] || [ "$(ls /var/lib/apt/lists/ | wc -l)" = "0" ]; then
+        echo "Running apt-get update..."
+        apt-get update
+    else
+        echo "Skipping apt-get update."
+    fi
+}
+
+# Check if packages are installed and installs them if not.
+check_packages() {
+    if ! dpkg -s "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+        apt_get_update_if_needed
+        apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends "$@"
+    fi
+}
+
+export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+export VCPKG_FORCE_SYSTEM_BINARIES=1
+
+# Install additional packages needed by vcpkg: https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/blob/master/README.md#installing-linux-developer-tools
+check_packages build-essential tar curl zip unzip pkg-config bash-completion ninja-build
+
+# Setup group and add user
+umask 0002
+if ! cat /etc/group | grep -e "^vcpkg:" > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+    groupadd -r "vcpkg"
+fi
+usermod -a -G "vcpkg" "${USERNAME}"
+
+# Start Installation
+# Clone repository with ports and installer
+mkdir -p "${VCPKG_ROOT}"
+mkdir -p "${VCPKG_DOWNLOADS}"
+git clone --depth=1 \
+    -c core.eol=lf \
+    -c core.autocrlf=false \
+    -c fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
+    -c fetch.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
+    -c receive.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
+    https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg "${VCPKG_ROOT}"
+
+## Run installer to get latest stable vcpkg binary
+## https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/blob/7e7dad5fe20cdc085731343e0e197a7ae655555b/scripts/bootstrap.sh#L126-L144
+"${VCPKG_ROOT}"/bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
+
+# Add vcpkg to PATH
+updaterc "$(cat << EOF
+export VCPKG_ROOT="${VCPKG_ROOT}"
+if [[ "\${PATH}" != *"\${VCPKG_ROOT}"* ]]; then export PATH="\${PATH}:\${VCPKG_ROOT}"; fi
+EOF
+)"
+
+# Give read/write permissions to the user group.
+chown -R ":vcpkg" "${VCPKG_ROOT}" "${VCPKG_DOWNLOADS}"
+chmod g+r+w+s "${VCPKG_ROOT}" "${VCPKG_DOWNLOADS}"
+chmod -R g+r+w "${VCPKG_ROOT}" "${VCPKG_DOWNLOADS}"
+
+# Enable tab completion for bash and zsh
+VCPKG_FORCE_SYSTEM_BINARIES=1 su "${USERNAME}" -c "${VCPKG_ROOT}/vcpkg integrate bash"
+VCPKG_FORCE_SYSTEM_BINARIES=1 su "${USERNAME}" -c "${VCPKG_ROOT}/vcpkg integrate zsh"

.gitignore

@@ -530,3 +530,40 @@ FodyWeavers.xsd
 *.sln.iml
 .idea/
 
+# C++ excludes
+
+# Prerequisites
+*.d
+
+# Compiled Object files
+*.slo
+*.lo
+*.o
+*.obj
+
+# Precompiled Headers
+*.gch
+*.pch
+
+# Compiled Dynamic libraries
+*.so
+*.dylib
+*.dll
+
+# Fortran module files
+*.mod
+*.smod
+
+# Compiled Static libraries
+*.lai
+*.la
+*.a
+*.lib
+
+# Executables
+*.exe
+*.out
+*.app
+
+build
+

README.md

@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ Run:
 **For Python**
 - [Install Python](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
 
+**For C++**
+- [Install cmake](https://cmake.org/download/)
+
 ## Labs instructions
 
 - [Node Server](./exercisefiles/node/README.md)
@@ -90,6 +93,7 @@ Run:
 - [Java Quarkus](./exercisefiles/quarkus/README.md)
 - [Python Data Engineer](./exercisefiles/dataengineer/README.md)
 - [Python Data Scientist](./exercisefiles/datascientist/README.md)
+- [C++](./exercisefiles/c++/README.md)
 
 ## Challenges instructions
 

completesolution/c++/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
+
+project(OctoConverter
+        VERSION 1.0.0
+        LANGUAGES CXX)
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+
+enable_testing()
+
+add_subdirectory(src)
+add_subdirectory(test)

completesolution/c++/src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+add_subdirectory(converters)
+add_executable(main main.cpp)
+target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE converters)
+
+set_target_properties(
+    main
+    PROPERTIES
+    RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+    "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}"
+)

completesolution/c++/src/converters/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+## Build a library "converters" with all included files
+add_library(
+  converters
+  distance.cpp
+  distance.h
+  temperature.cpp
+  temperature.h
+  weight.cpp
+  weight.h
+  types.h
+)

completesolution/c++/src/converters/distance.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "distance.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace /* private */ {
+  std::string getDistanceUnitSign(DistanceUnit unit)
+  {
+    std::unordered_map<DistanceUnit, std::string> unitSigns = {
+      {DistanceUnit::Meters, "m"},
+      {DistanceUnit::Feet, "ft"},
+      {DistanceUnit::Yards, "yd"}
+    };
+
+    return unitSigns.at(unit);
+  }
+} // namespace private
+
+namespace DistanceConversion
+{
+  void startFlow()
+  {
+    double sourceValue = getSourceValue();
+    DistanceUnit from = getDistanceUnit("source");
+    DistanceUnit to = getDistanceUnit("target");
+
+    double targetValue = convertDistance(sourceValue, from, to);
+
+    std::cout << sourceValue << getDistanceUnitSign(from) << " is " << targetValue << getDistanceUnitSign(to) << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  double getSourceValue()
+  {
+    double value;
+    std::cout << "Enter the value to be converted: ";
+    std::cin >> value;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  DistanceUnit getDistanceUnit(const std::string_view &sourceOrTarget)
+  {
+    int choice;
+    std::cout << "Select " << sourceOrTarget << " distance unit:\n";
+    std::cout << "[1] Meters\n";
+    std::cout << "[2] Feet\n";
+    std::cout << "[3] Yards\n";
+    std::cout << "Enter choice: ";
+    std::cin >> choice;
+
+    switch (choice)
+    {
+    case 1:
+      return DistanceUnit::Meters;
+    case 2:
+      return DistanceUnit::Feet;
+    case 3:
+      return DistanceUnit::Yards;
+    default:
+      return DistanceUnit::Meters; // Default to Meters
+    }
+  }
+
+  double convertDistance(double value, DistanceUnit from, DistanceUnit to)
+  {
+    if (from == to)
+    {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    if (from == DistanceUnit::Meters)
+    {
+      if (to == DistanceUnit::Feet)
+      {
+        return value * 3.28084;
+      }
+      else if (to == DistanceUnit::Yards)
+      {
+        return value * 1.09361;
+      }
+    }
+    else if (from == DistanceUnit::Feet)
+    {
+      if (to == DistanceUnit::Meters)
+      {
+        return value / 3.28084;
+      }
+      else if (to == DistanceUnit::Yards)
+      {
+        return value / 3.0;
+      }
+    }
+    else if (from == DistanceUnit::Yards)
+    {
+      if (to == DistanceUnit::Meters)
+      {
+        return value / 1.09361;
+      }
+      else if (to == DistanceUnit::Feet)
+      {
+        return value * 3.0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+}

completesolution/c++/src/converters/distance.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifndef DISTANCE_H
+#define DISTANCE_H
+
+#include <string>
+
+enum class DistanceUnit
+{
+  Meters,
+  Feet,
+  Yards
+};
+
+namespace DistanceConversion
+{
+  void startFlow();
+  double getSourceValue();
+  DistanceUnit getDistanceUnit(const std::string_view &sourceOrTarget);
+  double convertDistance(double value, DistanceUnit from, DistanceUnit to);
+}
+
+#endif