Bump azure-core from 1.23.1 to 1.24.0 in /android

Bumps [azure-core](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-java) from 1.23.1 to 1.24.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-java/releases)
- [Commits](Azure/azure-sdk-for-java@azure-core_1.23.1...azure-core_1.24.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: com.azure:azure-core
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-minor
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>

Author: dependabot[bot]

gradle/dependencies.gradle

@@ -10,5 +10,5 @@ dependencies {
     implementation 'com.google.guava:guava:31.0.1-jre'
 
     implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.9'
-    api 'com.azure:azure-core:1.23.1'
+    api 'com.azure:azure-core:1.24.0'
 }