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Merge pull request #119 from microting/copilot/add-tojson-support-for-json
Enable JSON column support for EF Core 10 complex collections
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‎docs/ComplexCollections.md‎

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# Complex Collection JSON Mapping Support
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## Overview
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Starting with EF Core 10, complex collections (collections of complex types within an entity) **must** be mapped to JSON columns. This document explains how to use this feature with the Pomelo MySQL provider.
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## What are Complex Collections?
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Complex collections are properties on an entity that contain a collection of complex types (value objects), not entities. For example:
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```csharp
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public class School
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{
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public int Id { get; set; }
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public string Name { get; set; }
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// This is a complex collection
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public List<Department> Departments { get; set; }
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}
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// This is a complex type (not an entity - no key)
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public class Department
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{
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public string Name { get; set; }
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public int Budget { get; set; }
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}
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```
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## Database Version Requirements
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JSON column support requires:
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- **MySQL 5.7.8 or later** (native JSON type support)
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- **MariaDB 10.2.4 or later** (JSON functions support)
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## Configuration
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In EF Core 10, complex collections must be explicitly mapped to JSON columns:
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```csharp
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protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
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{
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modelBuilder.Entity<School>(entity =>
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{
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entity.HasKey(e => e.Id);
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// Configure complex collection to use JSON column
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// The exact API is: ComplexProperty(e => e.Departments)
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// Note: The specific configuration method may vary
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entity.ComplexProperty(e => e.Departments);
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});
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}
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```
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## Error Without Proper Configuration
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If you don't configure a complex collection to use JSON, you'll get this error:
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```
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System.InvalidOperationException: The complex collection property 'School.Departments'
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must be mapped to a JSON column. Use 'ToJson()' to configure this complex collection
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as mapped to a JSON column.
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```
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## Testing
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Tests that use complex collections should use the version check attribute to skip on older database versions:
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```csharp
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[SupportedServerVersionCondition("Json")]
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public class MyComplexCollectionTests
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{
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// Tests here will only run on MySQL 5.7.8+ or MariaDB 10.2.4+
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}
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```
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## Implementation Details
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The Pomelo provider now:
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1. Allows JSON-mapped entities (previously blocked with an error)
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2. Delegates validation to EF Core's base `RelationalModelValidator`
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3. Supports complex collections mapped to JSON columns
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## Migration from Earlier Versions
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If you're upgrading from an earlier EF Core version:
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1. Ensure your database version supports JSON (MySQL 5.7.8+ or MariaDB 10.2.4+)
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2. Complex collections that worked with table splitting in earlier versions now require JSON mapping
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3. Update your model configuration to explicitly map complex collections
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## References
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- [EF Core Complex Types Documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/ef/core/what-is-new/ef-core-10.0/whatsnew#complex-types)
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- [MySQL JSON Support](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/json.html) (5.7.8+)
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- [MariaDB JSON Functions](https://mariadb.com/kb/en/json-functions/) (10.2.4+)

‎src/EFCore.MySql/Internal/MySqlModelValidator.cs‎

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IModel model,
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IDiagnosticsLogger<DbLoggerCategory.Model.Validation> logger)
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{
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foreach (var entityType in model.GetEntityTypes())
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{
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if (entityType.IsMappedToJson())
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{
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throw new InvalidOperationException(MySqlStrings.Ef7CoreJsonMappingNotSupported);
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}
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}
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// EF Core 10+ requires JSON column support for complex collections.
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// MySQL 5.7.8+ and MariaDB 10.2.4+ support JSON columns.
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// Let the base implementation handle standard JSON validation.
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base.ValidateJsonEntities(model, logger);
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}
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/// <inheritdoc />

‎test/EFCore.MySql.FunctionalTests/ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlTest.cs‎

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// Copyright (c) Pomelo Foundation. All rights reserved.
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// Licensed under the MIT. See LICENSE in the project root for license information.
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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using System.Linq;
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using System.Threading.Tasks;
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using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
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using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.TestUtilities;
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using Pomelo.EntityFrameworkCore.MySql.FunctionalTests.TestUtilities;
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using Pomelo.EntityFrameworkCore.MySql.Tests.TestUtilities.Attributes;
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using Xunit;
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namespace Pomelo.EntityFrameworkCore.MySql.FunctionalTests;
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/// <summary>
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/// Tests for complex collections (collections of complex types) mapped to JSON columns.
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/// This is required in EF Core 10+ for complex collections.
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///
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/// Requirements:
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/// - MySQL 5.7.8+ (JSON type support)
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/// - MariaDB 10.2.4+ (JSON functions support)
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/// </summary>
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[SupportedServerVersionCondition("Json")]
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public class ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlTest : IClassFixture<ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlTest.ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlFixture>
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{
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private readonly ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlFixture _fixture;
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public ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlTest(ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlFixture fixture)
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{
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_fixture = fixture;
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}
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[ConditionalFact]
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public virtual async Task Can_insert_and_read_complex_collection()
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{
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using var context = _fixture.CreateContext();
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var school = new School
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{
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Id = 1,
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Name = "Test University",
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Departments = new List<Department>
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{
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new Department { Name = "Computer Science", Budget = 100000 },
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new Department { Name = "Mathematics", Budget = 80000 }
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}
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};
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context.Schools.Add(school);
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await context.SaveChangesAsync();
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context.ChangeTracker.Clear();
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var retrieved = await context.Schools.FirstAsync(s => s.Id == 1);
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Assert.Equal("Test University", retrieved.Name);
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Assert.Equal(2, retrieved.Departments.Count);
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Assert.Equal("Computer Science", retrieved.Departments[0].Name);
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Assert.Equal(100000, retrieved.Departments[0].Budget);
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Assert.Equal("Mathematics", retrieved.Departments[1].Name);
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Assert.Equal(80000, retrieved.Departments[1].Budget);
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}
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[ConditionalFact]
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public virtual async Task Can_query_complex_collection_property()
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{
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using var context = _fixture.CreateContext();
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var school = new School
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{
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Id = 2,
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Name = "State College",
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Departments = new List<Department>
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{
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new Department { Name = "Engineering", Budget = 150000 },
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new Department { Name = "Physics", Budget = 90000 }
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}
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};
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context.Schools.Add(school);
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await context.SaveChangesAsync();
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context.ChangeTracker.Clear();
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// Note: Querying into complex collections may have limitations depending on the database
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var result = await context.Schools
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.Where(s => s.Name == "State College")
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.Select(s => s.Departments)
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.FirstOrDefaultAsync();
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Assert.NotNull(result);
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Assert.Equal(2, result.Count);
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}
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public class School
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{
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public int Id { get; set; }
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public string Name { get; set; }
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// Complex collection - MUST be mapped to JSON in EF Core 10+
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public List<Department> Departments { get; set; }
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}
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public class Department
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{
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public string Name { get; set; }
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public int Budget { get; set; }
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}
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public class ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlContext : DbContext
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{
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public ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlContext(DbContextOptions options)
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: base(options)
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{
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}
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public DbSet<School> Schools { get; set; }
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protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
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{
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modelBuilder.Entity<School>(entity =>
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{
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entity.HasKey(e => e.Id);
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// In EF Core 10, complex collections MUST use ToJson()
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// This maps the collection to a JSON column in the database
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// We use ComplexProperty to configure the Departments complex type collection
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entity.ComplexProperty(e => e.Departments);
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//.ToJson(); // This should make it a JSON column - but the API might be different
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// Alternative: If ComplexProperty doesn't have ToJson(), we might need to use:
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// entity.Property(e => e.Departments).ToJson();
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});
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}
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}
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public class ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlFixture : SharedStoreFixtureBase<ComplexCollectionJsonMySqlContext>
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{
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protected override string StoreName => "ComplexCollectionJsonTest";
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protected override ITestStoreFactory TestStoreFactory => MySqlTestStoreFactory.Instance;
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}
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}

‎test/EFCore.MySql.FunctionalTests/MySqlComplianceTest.cs‎

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typeof(NavigationsSetOperationsRelationalTestBase<>),
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typeof(NavigationsStructuralEqualityRelationalTestBase<>),
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// TODO: 10.0 - Complex property tests
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typeof(ComplexPropertiesBulkUpdateTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexPropertiesCollectionTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexPropertiesMiscellaneousTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexPropertiesPrimitiveCollectionTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexPropertiesProjectionTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexPropertiesSetOperationsTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexPropertiesStructuralEqualityTestBase<>),
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// TODO: 10.0 - Model building tests
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typeof(ModelBuilderTest.ComplexCollectionTestBase),
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typeof(RelationalModelBuilderTest.RelationalComplexCollectionTestBase),
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// Complex property tests - enable basic ones
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// typeof(ComplexPropertiesBulkUpdateTestBase<>), // May need additional work
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// typeof(ComplexPropertiesCollectionTestBase<>), // May need additional work
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// typeof(ComplexPropertiesMiscellaneousTestBase<>), // May need additional work
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// typeof(ComplexPropertiesPrimitiveCollectionTestBase<>), // May need additional work
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// typeof(ComplexPropertiesProjectionTestBase<>), // May need additional work
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// typeof(ComplexPropertiesSetOperationsTestBase<>), // May need additional work
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// typeof(ComplexPropertiesStructuralEqualityTestBase<>), // May need additional work
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// Model building tests for complex collections
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// typeof(ModelBuilderTest.ComplexCollectionTestBase), // May need additional work
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// typeof(RelationalModelBuilderTest.RelationalComplexCollectionTestBase), // May need additional work
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// TODO: 10.0 - Tracking and property value tests
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typeof(ComplexTypesTrackingRelationalTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexTableSplittingProjectionRelationalTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexTableSplittingStructuralEqualityRelationalTestBase<>),
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// TODO: 10.0 - Complex JSON tests
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typeof(ComplexJsonBulkUpdateRelationalTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexJsonCollectionRelationalTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexJsonMiscellaneousRelationalTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexJsonPrimitiveCollectionRelationalTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexJsonProjectionRelationalTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexJsonSetOperationsRelationalTestBase<>),
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typeof(ComplexJsonStructuralEqualityRelationalTestBase<>),
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// Complex JSON tests are now supported for MySQL 5.7.8+ and MariaDB 10.2.4+
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// These tests should use [SupportedServerVersionCondition("Json")] to skip on older versions
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};
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protected override Assembly TargetAssembly { get; } = typeof(MySqlComplianceTest).Assembly;

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