[3.13] pythongh-66646: Explain __base__ attribute in the docs (pythonGH-102554) (pythonGH-140366)

(cherry picked from commit faa169a)

Co-authored-by: Furkan Onder <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Éric <[email protected]>

Author: 3 people

Doc/reference/datamodel.rst

@@ -1158,6 +1158,7 @@ Special attributes
    single: __module__ (class attribute)
    single: __dict__ (class attribute)
    single: __bases__ (class attribute)
+   single: __base__ (class attribute)
    single: __doc__ (class attribute)
    single: __annotations__ (class attribute)
    single: __type_params__ (class attribute)
@@ -1191,6 +1192,13 @@ Special attributes
        In most cases, for a class defined as ``class X(A, B, C)``,
        ``X.__bases__`` will be exactly equal to ``(A, B, C)``.
 
+   * - .. attribute:: type.__base__
+     - .. impl-detail::
+
+          The single base class in the inheritance chain that is responsible
+          for the memory layout of instances. This attribute corresponds to
+          :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_base` at the C level.
+
    * - .. attribute:: type.__doc__
      - The class's documentation string, or ``None`` if undefined.
        Not inherited by subclasses.