pythongh-130567: Fix possible crash in locale.strxfrm() (pythonGH-138940)

On some macOS versions there was an off-by-one error in wcsxfrm() which
caused writing past the end of the array if its size was not calculated
by running wcsxfrm() first.
(cherry picked from commit 5854cf3)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ronald Oussoren <[email protected]>

Author: 2 people

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-09-15-19-29-12.gh-issue-130567.shDEnT.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix possible crash in :func:`locale.strxfrm` due to a platform bug on
+macOS.

Modules/_localemodule.c

@@ -410,7 +410,9 @@ _locale_strxfrm_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *str)
 
     /* assume no change in size, first */
     n1 = n1 + 1;
-    buf = PyMem_New(wchar_t, n1);
+    /* Yet another +1 is needed to work around a platform bug in wcsxfrm()
+     * on macOS. See gh-130567. */
+    buf = PyMem_New(wchar_t, n1+1);
     if (!buf) {
         PyErr_NoMemory();
         goto exit;