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Basic Bash Commands

Navigation

pwd: Display the current working directory.
ls: List files and directories in the current directory.
- ls -l: Detailed list with permissions, sizes, and modification dates.
- ls -a: Include hidden files.
cd [directory]: Change to the specified directory.
- cd ..: Move up one directory level.
- cd ~: Navigate to the home directory.

File and Directory Operations

mkdir [directory]: Create a new directory.
rmdir [directory]: Remove an empty directory.
rm [file]: Delete a file.
- rm -r [directory]: Recursively delete a directory and its contents.
cp [source] [destination]: Copy files or directories.
- cp -r [source_directory] [destination]: Recursively copy directories.
mv [source] [destination]: Move or rename files and directories.

Viewing and Editing Files

cat [file]: Display the contents of a file.
less [file]: View file contents page by page.
head [file]: Display the first 10 lines of a file.
tail [file]: Display the last 10 lines of a file.
- tail -f [file]: Continuously monitor a file for new content.

Permissions

chmod [permissions] [file]: Change file or directory permissions.
- Example: chmod 755 [file] sets read, write, and execute permissions for the owner, and read and execute permissions for others.
chown [owner]:[group] [file]: Change the owner and group of a file or directory.

System Information

whoami: Display the current username.
uname -a: Show system information.
df -h: Display disk space usage in human-readable format.
top: Display active processes and system resource usage.

Searching and Finding

find [directory] -name [filename]: Search for files and directories by name.
grep [pattern] [file]: Search for a pattern within a file.
- grep -r [pattern] [directory]: Recursively search within a directory.

Process Management

ps: Display currently running processes.
- ps aux: Detailed view of all processes.
kill [PID]: Terminate a process by its Process ID (PID).
- kill -9 [PID]: Forcefully terminate a process.

Networking

ping [host]: Check connectivity to a host.
ssh [user]@[host]: Connect to a remote host via SSH.
scp [source] [user]@[host]:[destination]: Securely copy files to a remote host.

Miscellaneous

alias [name]='[command]': Create a shortcut for a command.
- Example: alias ll='ls -l' creates an alias ll for ls -l.
history: Display the list of previously executed commands.
clear: Clear the terminal screen.

Note: Replace items in brackets [] with your specific parameters, and omit the brackets when typing the commands.