Detect and reject out-of-range integers in format string literals

Until now out-of-range integers in format string literals
were silently ignored. They wrapped around to zero at
usize::MAX, producing unexpected results.

When using debug builds of rustc, such integers in format string
literals even cause an 'attempt to add with overflow' panic in
rustc.

Fix this by producing an error diagnostic for integers in format
string literals which do not fit into usize.

Fixes rust-lang#102528

Author: colinba

alloc/src/fmt.rs

@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
 //! - `text` must not contain any `'{'` or `'}'` characters,
 //! - `ws` is any character for which [`char::is_whitespace`] returns `true`, has no semantic
 //!   meaning and is completely optional,
-//! - `integer` is a decimal integer that may contain leading zeroes and
+//! - `integer` is a decimal integer that may contain leading zeroes and must fit into an `usize` and
 //! - `identifier` is an `IDENTIFIER_OR_KEYWORD` (not an `IDENTIFIER`) as defined by the [Rust language reference](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/identifiers.html).
 //!
 //! # Formatting traits