Rollup merge of rust-lang#144922 - Kobzol:derive-from, r=nnethercote

Implement `#[derive(From)]`

Implements the `#[derive(From)]` feature ([tracking issue](rust-lang#144889), [RFC](rust-lang/rfcs#3809)).

It allows deriving the `From` impl on structs and tuple structs with exactly one field. Some implementation notes:
- I wasn't exactly sure which spans to use in the derive generating code, so I just used `span` everywhere. I don't know if it's the Right Thing To Do. In particular the errors when `#[derive(From)]` is used on a struct with an unsized field are weirdly duplicated.
- I had to solve an import stability problem, where if I just added the unstable `macro From` to `core::convert`, previously working code like `use std::convert::From` would suddenly require an unstable feature gate, because rustc would think that you're trying to import the unstable macro. `@petrochenkov` suggested that I add the macro the the core prelude instead. This has worked well, although it only works in edition 2021+. Not sure if I botched the prelude somehow and it should live elsewhere (?).
- I had to add `Ty::AstTy`, because the `from` function receives an argument with the type of the single field, and the existing variants of the `Ty` enum couldn't represent an arbitrary type.

Author: jhpratt

core/src/macros/mod.rs

@@ -1770,4 +1770,15 @@ pub(crate) mod builtin {
     pub macro deref($pat:pat) {
         builtin # deref($pat)
     }
+
+    /// Derive macro generating an impl of the trait `From`.
+    /// Currently, it can only be used on single-field structs.
+    // Note that the macro is in a different module than the `From` trait,
+    // to avoid triggering an unstable feature being used if someone imports
+    // `std::convert::From`.
+    #[rustc_builtin_macro]
+    #[unstable(feature = "derive_from", issue = "144889")]
+    pub macro From($item: item) {
+        /* compiler built-in */
+    }
 }

core/src/prelude/v1.rs

@@ -117,3 +117,10 @@ pub use crate::macros::builtin::deref;
     reason = "`type_alias_impl_trait` has open design concerns"
 )]
 pub use crate::macros::builtin::define_opaque;
+
+#[unstable(
+    feature = "derive_from",
+    issue = "144889",
+    reason = "`derive(From)` is unstable"
+)]
+pub use crate::macros::builtin::From;