diff --git a/mcp/logging.go b/mcp/logging.go
index b3186a96..208427e2 100644
--- a/mcp/logging.go
+++ b/mcp/logging.go
@@ -88,6 +88,23 @@ type LoggingHandler struct {
 	handler         slog.Handler
 }
 
+// discardHandler is a slog.Handler that drops all logs.
+// TODO: use slog.DiscardHandler when we require Go 1.24+.
+type discardHandler struct{}
+
+func (discardHandler) Enabled(context.Context, slog.Level) bool  { return false }
+func (discardHandler) Handle(context.Context, slog.Record) error { return nil }
+func (discardHandler) WithAttrs([]slog.Attr) slog.Handler        { return discardHandler{} }
+func (discardHandler) WithGroup(string) slog.Handler             { return discardHandler{} }
+
+// ensureLogger returns l if non-nil, otherwise a discard logger.
+func ensureLogger(l *slog.Logger) *slog.Logger {
+	if l != nil {
+		return l
+	}
+	return slog.New(discardHandler{})
+}
+
 // NewLoggingHandler creates a [LoggingHandler] that logs to the given [ServerSession] using a
 // [slog.JSONHandler].
 func NewLoggingHandler(ss *ServerSession, opts *LoggingHandlerOptions) *LoggingHandler {
diff --git a/mcp/server.go b/mcp/server.go
index 27de09a3..0bcfc1b0 100644
--- a/mcp/server.go
+++ b/mcp/server.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"iter"
+	"log/slog"
 	"maps"
 	"net/url"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -53,6 +54,8 @@ type Server struct {
 type ServerOptions struct {
 	// Optional instructions for connected clients.
 	Instructions string
+	// If non-nil, log server activity.
+	Logger *slog.Logger
 	// If non-nil, called when "notifications/initialized" is received.
 	InitializedHandler func(context.Context, *InitializedRequest)
 	// PageSize is the maximum number of items to return in a single page for
@@ -129,6 +132,10 @@ func NewServer(impl *Implementation, options *ServerOptions) *Server {
 		opts.GetSessionID = randText
 	}
 
+	if opts.Logger == nil { // ensure we have a logger
+		opts.Logger = ensureLogger(nil)
+	}
+
 	return &Server{
 		impl:                    impl,
 		opts:                    opts,
@@ -659,6 +666,7 @@ func (s *Server) ResourceUpdated(ctx context.Context, params *ResourceUpdatedNot
 	sessions := slices.Collect(maps.Keys(subscribedSessions))
 	s.mu.Unlock()
 	notifySessions(sessions, notificationResourceUpdated, params)
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("resource updated notification sent", "uri", params.URI, "subscriber_count", len(sessions))
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -676,6 +684,7 @@ func (s *Server) subscribe(ctx context.Context, req *SubscribeRequest) (*emptyRe
 		s.resourceSubscriptions[req.Params.URI] = make(map[*ServerSession]bool)
 	}
 	s.resourceSubscriptions[req.Params.URI][req.Session] = true
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("resource subscribed", "uri", req.Params.URI, "session_id", req.Session.ID())
 
 	return &emptyResult{}, nil
 }
@@ -697,6 +706,7 @@ func (s *Server) unsubscribe(ctx context.Context, req *UnsubscribeRequest) (*emp
 			delete(s.resourceSubscriptions, req.Params.URI)
 		}
 	}
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("resource unsubscribed", "uri", req.Params.URI, "session_id", req.Session.ID())
 
 	return &emptyResult{}, nil
 }
@@ -715,8 +725,10 @@ func (s *Server) unsubscribe(ctx context.Context, req *UnsubscribeRequest) (*emp
 // It need not be called on servers that are used for multiple concurrent connections,
 // as with [StreamableHTTPHandler].
 func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context, t Transport) error {
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("server run start")
 	ss, err := s.Connect(ctx, t, nil)
 	if err != nil {
+		s.opts.Logger.Error("server connect failed", "error", err)
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -728,8 +740,14 @@ func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context, t Transport) error {
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		ss.Close()
+		s.opts.Logger.Error("server run cancelled", "error", ctx.Err())
 		return ctx.Err()
 	case err := <-ssClosed:
+		if err != nil {
+			s.opts.Logger.Error("server session ended with error", "error", err)
+		} else {
+			s.opts.Logger.Info("server session ended")
+		}
 		return err
 	}
 }
@@ -745,6 +763,7 @@ func (s *Server) bind(mcpConn Connection, conn *jsonrpc2.Connection, state *Serv
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	s.sessions = append(s.sessions, ss)
 	s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("server session connected", "session_id", ss.ID())
 	return ss
 }
 
@@ -760,6 +779,7 @@ func (s *Server) disconnect(cc *ServerSession) {
 	for _, subscribedSessions := range s.resourceSubscriptions {
 		delete(subscribedSessions, cc)
 	}
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("server session disconnected", "session_id", cc.ID())
 }
 
 // ServerSessionOptions configures the server session.
@@ -784,7 +804,14 @@ func (s *Server) Connect(ctx context.Context, t Transport, opts *ServerSessionOp
 		state = opts.State
 		onClose = opts.onClose
 	}
-	return connect(ctx, t, s, state, onClose)
+
+	s.opts.Logger.Info("server connecting")
+	ss, err := connect(ctx, t, s, state, onClose)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.opts.Logger.Error("server connect error", "error", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ss, nil
 }
 
 // TODO: (nit) move all ServerSession methods below the ServerSession declaration.
@@ -804,9 +831,11 @@ func (ss *ServerSession) initialized(ctx context.Context, params *InitializedPar
 	})
 
 	if !wasInit {
+		ss.server.opts.Logger.Error("initialized before initialize")
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%q before %q", notificationInitialized, methodInitialize)
 	}
 	if wasInitd {
+		ss.server.opts.Logger.Error("duplicate initialized notification")
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("duplicate %q received", notificationInitialized)
 	}
 	if ss.server.opts.KeepAlive > 0 {
@@ -815,6 +844,7 @@ func (ss *ServerSession) initialized(ctx context.Context, params *InitializedPar
 	if h := ss.server.opts.InitializedHandler; h != nil {
 		h(ctx, serverRequestFor(ss, params))
 	}
+	ss.server.opts.Logger.Info("session initialized")
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
@@ -1052,6 +1082,7 @@ func (ss *ServerSession) handle(ctx context.Context, req *jsonrpc.Request) (any,
 	case methodInitialize, methodPing, notificationInitialized:
 	default:
 		if !initialized {
+			ss.server.opts.Logger.Error("method invalid during initialization", "method", req.Method)
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("method %q is invalid during session initialization", req.Method)
 		}
 	}
@@ -1108,6 +1139,7 @@ func (ss *ServerSession) setLevel(_ context.Context, params *SetLoggingLevelPara
 	ss.updateState(func(state *ServerSessionState) {
 		state.LogLevel = params.Level
 	})
+	ss.server.opts.Logger.Info("client log level set", "level", params.Level)
 	return &emptyResult{}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/mcp/streamable.go b/mcp/streamable.go
index 4ab343b2..5da9f439 100644
--- a/mcp/streamable.go
+++ b/mcp/streamable.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"iter"
+	"log/slog"
 	"math"
 	"math/rand/v2"
 	"net/http"
@@ -67,6 +68,10 @@ type StreamableHTTPOptions struct {
 	//
 	// [§2.1.5]: https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/basic/transports#sending-messages-to-the-server
 	JSONResponse bool
+
+	// Logger specifies the logger to use.
+	// If nil, do not log.
+	Logger *slog.Logger
 }
 
 // NewStreamableHTTPHandler returns a new [StreamableHTTPHandler].
@@ -82,6 +87,11 @@ func NewStreamableHTTPHandler(getServer func(*http.Request) *Server, opts *Strea
 	if opts != nil {
 		h.opts = *opts
 	}
+
+	if h.opts.Logger == nil { // ensure we have a logger
+		h.opts.Logger = ensureLogger(nil)
+	}
+
 	return h
 }
 
@@ -367,6 +377,8 @@ type StreamableServerTransport struct {
 	// StreamableHTTPOptions.JSONResponse is exported.
 	jsonResponse bool
 
+	logger *slog.Logger
+
 	// connection is non-nil if and only if the transport has been connected.
 	connection *streamableServerConn
 }
@@ -381,6 +393,7 @@ func (t *StreamableServerTransport) Connect(ctx context.Context) (Connection, er
 		stateless:      t.Stateless,
 		eventStore:     t.EventStore,
 		jsonResponse:   t.jsonResponse,
+		logger:         t.logger,
 		incoming:       make(chan jsonrpc.Message, 10),
 		done:           make(chan struct{}),
 		streams:        make(map[string]*stream),
@@ -407,6 +420,8 @@ type streamableServerConn struct {
 	jsonResponse bool
 	eventStore   EventStore
 
+	logger *slog.Logger
+
 	incoming chan jsonrpc.Message // messages from the client to the server
 
 	mu sync.Mutex // guards all fields below
@@ -754,7 +769,7 @@ func (c *streamableServerConn) respondSSE(stream *stream, w http.ResponseWriter,
 		}
 		if _, err := writeEvent(w, e); err != nil {
 			// Connection closed or broken.
-			// TODO(#170): log when we add server-side logging.
+			c.logger.Warn("error writing event", "error", err)
 			return false
 		}
 		writes++
@@ -773,7 +788,13 @@ func (c *streamableServerConn) respondSSE(stream *stream, w http.ResponseWriter,
 				// simplify.
 				http.Error(w, http.StatusText(http.StatusInternalServerError), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 			} else {
-				// TODO(#170): log when we add server-side logging
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					// Client disconnected or cancelled the request.
+					c.logger.Error("stream context done", "error", ctx.Err())
+				} else {
+					// Some other error.
+					c.logger.Error("error receiving message", "error", err)
+				}
 			}
 			return
 		}