diff --git a/src/client/index.test.ts b/src/client/index.test.ts
index abd0c34e4..86ebe6e63 100644
--- a/src/client/index.test.ts
+++ b/src/client/index.test.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import {
   CreateMessageRequestSchema,
   ElicitRequestSchema,
   ListRootsRequestSchema,
+  ListPromptsRequestSchema,
+  ListResourceTemplatesRequestSchema,
   ErrorCode,
 } from "../types.js";
 import { Transport } from "../shared/transport.js";
@@ -1301,3 +1303,137 @@ describe('outputSchema validation', () => {
 
 
 });
+
+test("should return empty arrays for all list methods when server has capabilities but no handlers", async () => {
+  const server = new Server(
+    {
+      name: "test server",
+      version: "1.0",
+    },
+    {
+      capabilities: {
+        prompts: {},
+        resources: {},
+        tools: {},
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  server.setRequestHandler(InitializeRequestSchema, (_request) => ({
+    protocolVersion: LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+    capabilities: {
+      prompts: {},
+      resources: {},
+      tools: {},
+    },
+    serverInfo: {
+      name: "test",
+      version: "1.0",
+    },
+  }));
+
+  const [clientTransport, serverTransport] =
+    InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair();
+
+  const client = new Client(
+    {
+      name: "test client",
+      version: "1.0",
+    },
+    {
+      capabilities: {
+        sampling: {},
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  await Promise.all([
+    client.connect(clientTransport),
+    server.connect(serverTransport),
+  ]);
+
+  const promptsResult = await client.listPrompts();
+  const resourcesResult = await client.listResources();
+  const resourceTemplatesResult = await client.listResourceTemplates();
+  const toolsResult = await client.listTools();
+
+  expect(promptsResult.prompts).toEqual([]);
+  expect(resourcesResult.resources).toEqual([]);
+  expect(resourceTemplatesResult.resourceTemplates).toEqual([]);
+  expect(toolsResult.tools).toEqual([]);
+});
+
+test("should handle empty collections consistently across all capabilities", async () => {
+  const server = new Server(
+    {
+      name: "test server",
+      version: "1.0",
+    },
+    {
+      capabilities: {
+        prompts: {},
+        resources: {},
+        tools: {},
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  server.setRequestHandler(InitializeRequestSchema, (_request) => ({
+    protocolVersion: LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+    capabilities: {
+      prompts: {},
+      resources: {},
+      tools: {},
+    },
+    serverInfo: {
+      name: "test",
+      version: "1.0",
+    },
+  }));
+
+  server.setRequestHandler(ListPromptsRequestSchema, () => ({
+    prompts: [],
+  }));
+
+  server.setRequestHandler(ListResourcesRequestSchema, () => ({
+    resources: [],
+  }));
+
+  server.setRequestHandler(ListResourceTemplatesRequestSchema, () => ({
+    resourceTemplates: [],
+  }));
+
+  server.setRequestHandler(ListToolsRequestSchema, () => ({
+    tools: [],
+  }));
+
+  const [clientTransport, serverTransport] =
+    InMemoryTransport.createLinkedPair();
+
+  const client = new Client(
+    {
+      name: "test client",
+      version: "1.0",
+    },
+    {
+      capabilities: {
+        sampling: {},
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  await Promise.all([
+    client.connect(clientTransport),
+    server.connect(serverTransport),
+  ]);
+
+  const promptsResult = await client.listPrompts();
+  const resourcesResult = await client.listResources();
+  const resourceTemplatesResult = await client.listResourceTemplates();
+  const toolsResult = await client.listTools();
+
+  expect(promptsResult.prompts).toEqual([]);
+  expect(resourcesResult.resources).toEqual([]);
+  expect(resourceTemplatesResult.resourceTemplates).toEqual([]);
+  expect(toolsResult.tools).toEqual([]);
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/shared/protocol.ts b/src/shared/protocol.ts
index 7df190ba1..5ebc56e66 100644
--- a/src/shared/protocol.ts
+++ b/src/shared/protocol.ts
@@ -366,6 +366,52 @@ export abstract class Protocol<
       );
   }
 
+ /**
+   * Default handler for requests when no specific handler is registered.
+   * Automatically returns empty arrays for standard MCP list methods.
+   */
+  private _defaultFallbackRequestHandler( request: JSONRPCRequest, transport: Transport ): SendResultT | null {
+    const method = request.method;
+    const listMethodResponses: Record<string, string> = {
+      "prompts/list": "prompts",
+      "resources/list": "resources",
+      "resources/templates/list": "resourceTemplates",
+      "tools/list": "tools",
+    };
+    const responseKey = listMethodResponses[method];
+    const result = responseKey ? { [responseKey]: [] } as SendResultT : null;
+    if (result !== null) {
+          transport
+            .send({
+              result: result,
+              jsonrpc: "2.0",
+              id: request.id,
+            })
+            .catch((error) =>
+              this._onerror(
+                new Error(`Failed to send default list response: ${error}`),
+              ),
+            );
+          return result;
+        }
+
+        transport
+          .send({
+            jsonrpc: "2.0",
+            id: request.id,
+            error: {
+              code: ErrorCode.MethodNotFound,
+              message: "Method not found",
+            },
+          })
+          .catch((error) =>
+            this._onerror(
+              new Error(`Failed to send an error response: ${error}`),
+            ),
+          );
+    return null;
+    }
+
   private _onrequest(request: JSONRPCRequest, extra?: MessageExtraInfo): void {
     const handler =
       this._requestHandlers.get(request.method) ?? this.fallbackRequestHandler;
@@ -373,22 +419,12 @@ export abstract class Protocol<
     // Capture the current transport at request time to ensure responses go to the correct client
     const capturedTransport = this._transport;
 
+    if(capturedTransport === undefined) {
+      throw new Error("Error: transport not found.")
+    }
     if (handler === undefined) {
-      capturedTransport
-        ?.send({
-          jsonrpc: "2.0",
-          id: request.id,
-          error: {
-            code: ErrorCode.MethodNotFound,
-            message: "Method not found",
-          },
-        })
-        .catch((error) =>
-          this._onerror(
-            new Error(`Failed to send an error response: ${error}`),
-          ),
-        );
-      return;
+        this._defaultFallbackRequestHandler(request, capturedTransport);
+        return;
     }
 
     const abortController = new AbortController();