diff --git a/pymongo/asynchronous/client_session.py b/pymongo/asynchronous/client_session.py
index c30fc6679f..4bb927d995 100644
--- a/pymongo/asynchronous/client_session.py
+++ b/pymongo/asynchronous/client_session.py
@@ -135,7 +135,9 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import asyncio
 import collections
+import random
 import time
 import uuid
 from collections.abc import Mapping as _Mapping
@@ -471,6 +473,8 @@ def _max_time_expired_error(exc: PyMongoError) -> bool:
 # This limit is non-configurable and was chosen to be twice the 60 second
 # default value of MongoDB's `transactionLifetimeLimitSeconds` parameter.
 _WITH_TRANSACTION_RETRY_TIME_LIMIT = 120
+_BACKOFF_MAX = 1
+_BACKOFF_INITIAL = 0.050  # 50ms initial backoff
 
 
 def _within_time_limit(start_time: float) -> bool:
@@ -700,7 +704,13 @@ async def callback(session, custom_arg, custom_kwarg=None):
             https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/transactions-convenient-api/transactions-convenient-api.md#handling-errors-inside-the-callback
         """
         start_time = time.monotonic()
+        retry = 0
         while True:
+            if retry:  # Implement exponential backoff on retry.
+                jitter = random.random()  # noqa: S311
+                backoff = jitter * min(_BACKOFF_INITIAL * (2**retry), _BACKOFF_MAX)
+                await asyncio.sleep(backoff)
+            retry += 1
             await self.start_transaction(
                 read_concern, write_concern, read_preference, max_commit_time_ms
             )
diff --git a/pymongo/synchronous/client_session.py b/pymongo/synchronous/client_session.py
index 68a01dd7e7..a8f03fac74 100644
--- a/pymongo/synchronous/client_session.py
+++ b/pymongo/synchronous/client_session.py
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import collections
+import random
 import time
 import uuid
 from collections.abc import Mapping as _Mapping
@@ -470,6 +471,8 @@ def _max_time_expired_error(exc: PyMongoError) -> bool:
 # This limit is non-configurable and was chosen to be twice the 60 second
 # default value of MongoDB's `transactionLifetimeLimitSeconds` parameter.
 _WITH_TRANSACTION_RETRY_TIME_LIMIT = 120
+_BACKOFF_MAX = 1
+_BACKOFF_INITIAL = 0.050  # 50ms initial backoff
 
 
 def _within_time_limit(start_time: float) -> bool:
@@ -699,7 +702,13 @@ def callback(session, custom_arg, custom_kwarg=None):
             https://github.com/mongodb/specifications/blob/master/source/transactions-convenient-api/transactions-convenient-api.md#handling-errors-inside-the-callback
         """
         start_time = time.monotonic()
+        retry = 0
         while True:
+            if retry:  # Implement exponential backoff on retry.
+                jitter = random.random()  # noqa: S311
+                backoff = jitter * min(_BACKOFF_INITIAL * (2**retry), _BACKOFF_MAX)
+                time.sleep(backoff)
+            retry += 1
             self.start_transaction(read_concern, write_concern, read_preference, max_commit_time_ms)
             try:
                 ret = callback(self)