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Plugintype and API docs for SMS subsystem [4.5]
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‎versioned_docs/version-4.5/apis/plugintypes/sms/index.md‎

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---
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title: SMS gateway
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tags:
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- SMS
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- Gateway
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- Notification
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---
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<Since version="4.5" issueNumber="MDL-83406" />
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SMS gateway plugins allow you to create SMS gateway providers.
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Providers are an interface between [SMS API](/apis/subsystems/sms/index.md) and the external SMS provider (e.g. Amazon Web Services).
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This allows for the sending of SMS notifications to users from your Moodle instance.
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For example, you set up MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) in Moodle and choose 'AWS' as your SMS gateway provider.
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This enables users to receive SMS notifications as part of the authentication process.
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## File structure
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SMS gateway plugins are located in the `/sms/gateway` directory. A plugin should not include any custom files outside its own
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plugin folder.
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Each plugin is in a separate subdirectory and consists of a number of mandatory files and any other files the developer is going to use. See the [common plugin files](/apis/commonfiles/index.mdx) documentation for other files which may be useful in your plugin.
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<details>
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<summary>The directory layout for the `smsgateway` plugin.</summary>
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```console
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sms/gateway/example
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├── classes
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│   ├── gateway.php
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│   ├── hook_listener.php
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│   └── privacy
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│   └── provider.php
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├── lang
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│   └── en
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│   └── smsgateway_example.php
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├── settings.php
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└── version.php
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```
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</details>
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## Key files
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There are a number of key files within the SMS gateway plugin which will need to be configured for correct functionality.
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- gateway.php
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- hook_listener.php
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### gateway.php
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Each plugin must create a class called `gateway` which extends the `\core_sms\gateway` class.
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The SMS API will use the extended methods from this class.
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```php title="Implementing the base SMS gateway"
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class gateway extends \core_sms\gateway {
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#[\Override]
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public function send(
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message $message,
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): message {
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// Sample code to send an SMS message.
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$config = (object)json_decode($awsconfig, true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
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$class = '\smsgateway_aws\local\service\\' . $config->gateway;
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$recipientnumber = manager::format_number(
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phonenumber: $message->recipientnumber,
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countrycode: isset($config->countrycode) ?? null,
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);
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if (class_exists($class)) {
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$status = call_user_func(
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$class . '::send_sms_message',
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$message->content,
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$recipientnumber,
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$config,
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);
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}
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return $message->with(
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status: $status,
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);
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}
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#[\Override]
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public function get_send_priority(message $message): int {
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return 50;
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}
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}
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```
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### hook_listener.php
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[Hooks](/apis/core/hooks/index.md) can be dispatched from the SMS API which the plugin can then listened to.
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It is necessary for plugins developers to assess these hooks and implement accordingly.
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#### after_sms_gateway_form_hook
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This hook will allow plugins to add required form fields to assist users in configuring their SMS gateway.
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```php title="Listener method for after_sms_gateway_form_hook"
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public static function set_form_definition_for_aws_sms_gateway(after_sms_gateway_form_hook $hook): void {
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if ($hook->plugin !== 'smsgateway_example') {
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return;
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}
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$gateways = [
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'smsgateway_example' => get_string('list', 'smsgateway_example'),
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];
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$mform->addElement(
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'select',
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'gateway',
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get_string('gateway', 'smsgateway_example'),
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$gateways,
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);
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}
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```
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:::info
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For a real plugin example, see the [AWS SMS Gateway plugin](https://github.com/moodle/moodle/tree/main/sms/gateway/aws).
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:::

‎versioned_docs/version-4.5/apis/subsystems/sms/index.md‎

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---
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title: SMS API
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tags:
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- SMS
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---
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<Since version="4.5" issueNumber="MDL-79808" />
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The SMS API lets you send SMS messages using configured gateways, fetch messages that were previously sent, and check on their status.
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The SMS API allows developers to implement SMS-related features into their plugins.
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The subsystem contains an SMS Manager class `\core_sms\manager` which facilitates the actions performed by the API.
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Some of the actions made possible are:
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- Sending messages
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- Fetching messages
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- Checking the status of a message
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- Getting SMS gateways.
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Currently, the design of the SMS API features the following plugin types:
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- [SMS gateway](../../apis/plugintypes/sms)
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## Sending an SMS
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recipientuserid: $user->id,
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issensitive: false,
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async: false,
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gatewayid: 22,
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);
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```
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:::info Message lengths
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A single SMS sent by the API may consist of up to 480 UTF-8 characters. It is up to the message _gateway_ plugin to determine how this message is sent to the recipient.
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A single SMS sent by the API may consist of up to 480 UTF-8 characters. It is up to the message _gateway plugin_ to determine how this message is sent to the recipient.
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Any message longer than the maximum length will be immediately rejected.
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:::
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### Parameter consideration while sending messages
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When sending a message it's important to add the correct `component` (e.g. `tool_mfa`) and `messagetype` (e.g. `mfa code`) for record keeping purpose.
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One component can have many different types of messages and those types should be clearly mentioned while sending the messages so that they are clear
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in reporting and other locations. [MDL-80963](https://tracker.moodle.org/browse/MDL-80963) will be used to build a report for messages status.
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The `gatewayid` is an optional parameter, and it's not required to mention it. If the plugin has a specific gateway selected as a part of
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the config and or a specific gateway config needs to be used, then it can mention the `gatewayid` of that specific gateway config. Otherwise,
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the SMS API will pick one according to the priority and use that to send the message.
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### Sending messages containing sensitive information
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When sending a message containing something like a 2FA login token, you should make use of the `issensitive` flag.
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The `send()` method return an instance of `\core_sms\message` which can be used to check on the message status.
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### Sending messages asynchronously
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Messages can not be sent asynchronously yet. The parameter has been implemented, but the feature is yet to be built
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(see [MDL-81015](https://tracker.moodle.org/browse/MDL-81015) for more information).
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## Fetching messages
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Every sent message is stored in the database for subsequent reporting, and to check statuses.
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GQ --> |Gateway failed to send the message| GF
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end
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```
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## Getting SMS gateways
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[SMS gateways](/apis/plugintypes/sms/index.md) are plugins that provide a way to interface with external SMS providers.
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Once a gateway is configured, any component implementing the SMS API can get a list of gateways.
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```php title="Getting the list of enabled gateways"
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$manager = \core\di::get(\core_sms\manager::class);
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$gatewayrecords = $manager->get_gateway_records();
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// It is also possible to filter the request.
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$gatewayrecords = $manager->get_gateway_records(['id' => $id]);
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// To get all the enabled gateway instances.
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$gatewayrecords = $manager->get_enabled_gateway_instances();
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```
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## Important hooks
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The SMS API dispatches some [hooks](/apis/core/hooks/index.md) which should be considered when implemented by a plugin/component.
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- before_gateway_deleted
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- before_gateway_disabled
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Before deleting or disabling an [SMS gateways](/apis/plugintypes/sms/index.md), these two hooks are dispatched from the SMS API.
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This allows components that are actively using that gateway to stop the action, or do necessary cleanup.
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Listening to these hooks is crucial to avoid data loss or accidental deletion when disabling an active gateway.
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```php title="Implement the hooks to check for usage before deletion or deactivation"
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public static function check_gateway_usage_in_example_plugin(
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before_gateway_deleted|before_gateway_disabled $hook,
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): void {
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try {
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$smsgatewayid = (int)get_config('example_plugin', 'smsgateway');
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if ($smsgatewayid && $smsgatewayid === (int)$hook->gateway->id) {
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$hook->stop_propagation();
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}
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} catch (\dml_exception $exception) {
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$hook->stop_propagation();
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}
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}
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```

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