diff --git a/src/main/java/org/apache/ibatis/jdbc/ScriptRunner.java b/src/main/java/org/apache/ibatis/jdbc/ScriptRunner.java
index 0293b35c242..d1ba1957b33 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/apache/ibatis/jdbc/ScriptRunner.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/apache/ibatis/jdbc/ScriptRunner.java
@@ -120,8 +120,9 @@ public void runScript(Reader reader) {
       } else {
         executeLineByLine(reader);
       }
-    } finally {
+    } catch (RuntimeSqlException exception) {
       rollbackConnection();
+      throw exception;
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/test/java/org/apache/ibatis/jdbc/ScriptRunnerTest.java b/src/test/java/org/apache/ibatis/jdbc/ScriptRunnerTest.java
index 3317c96471f..879754ee25f 100644
--- a/src/test/java/org/apache/ibatis/jdbc/ScriptRunnerTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/org/apache/ibatis/jdbc/ScriptRunnerTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 package org.apache.ibatis.jdbc;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertSame;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.fail;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
@@ -282,4 +284,93 @@ void shouldAcceptMultiCharDelimiter() throws Exception {
     verify(stmt).execute("line 1;" + LINE_SEPARATOR + "line 2;" + LINE_SEPARATOR + LINE_SEPARATOR);
     verify(stmt).execute("line 3" + LINE_SEPARATOR);
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void testRollbackWithAutoCommitFalseAndStopErrorTrue() throws Exception {
+    DataSource ds = createJPetstoreDataSource();
+    try (Connection conn = ds.getConnection()) {
+      ScriptRunner runner = new ScriptRunner(conn);
+      runner.setAutoCommit(false);
+      runner.setStopOnError(true);
+      runner.setSendFullScript(false);
+      Reader reader = new StringReader("""
+          INSERT INTO signon VALUES('xiaoai','123456');
+          123;
+          INSERT INTO signon VALUES('xiaolan','123456');
+          """);
+      assertThrows(RuntimeSqlException.class, () -> runner.runScript(reader));
+    }
+    assertSignonCountByUsername(ds, "xiaoai", 0L);
+    assertSignonCountByUsername(ds, "xiaolan", 0L);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testRollbackWithAutoCommitFalseAndStopErrorFalse() throws Exception {
+    DataSource ds = createJPetstoreDataSource();
+    try (Connection conn = ds.getConnection()) {
+      ScriptRunner runner = new ScriptRunner(conn);
+      runner.setAutoCommit(false);
+      runner.setStopOnError(false);
+      runner.setSendFullScript(false);
+      Reader reader = new StringReader("""
+          INSERT INTO signon VALUES('xiaoai','123456');
+          123;
+          INSERT INTO signon VALUES('xiaolan','123456');
+          """);
+      runner.runScript(reader);
+    }
+    assertSignonCountByUsername(ds, "xiaoai", 1L);
+    assertSignonCountByUsername(ds, "xiaolan", 1L);
+  }
+
+  private void assertSignonCountByUsername(DataSource dataSource, String username, long expectedVal)
+      throws SQLException {
+    try (Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection()) {
+      Map<String, Object> map = new SqlRunner(conn).selectOne("select count(*) as COUNT from signon where username = ?",
+          username);
+      assertNotNull(map);
+      assertNotNull(map.get("COUNT"));
+      assertEquals(expectedVal, map.get("COUNT"));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testRollbackWithAutoCommitTrueAndStopErrorTrue() throws Exception {
+    DataSource ds = createJPetstoreDataSource();
+    try (Connection conn = ds.getConnection()) {
+      ScriptRunner runner = new ScriptRunner(conn);
+      runner.setAutoCommit(true);
+      runner.setStopOnError(true);
+      runner.setErrorLogWriter(null);
+      runner.setSendFullScript(false);
+      Reader reader = new StringReader("""
+          INSERT INTO signon VALUES('xiaohong','123456');
+          123;
+          INSERT INTO signon VALUES('xiaoming','123456');
+          """);
+      assertThrows(RuntimeSqlException.class, () -> runner.runScript(reader));
+    }
+    assertSignonCountByUsername(ds, "xiaohong", 1L);
+    assertSignonCountByUsername(ds, "xiaoming", 0L);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void testRollbackWithAutoCommitTrueAndStopErrorFalse() throws Exception {
+    DataSource ds = createJPetstoreDataSource();
+    try (Connection conn = ds.getConnection()) {
+      ScriptRunner runner = new ScriptRunner(conn);
+      runner.setAutoCommit(true);
+      runner.setStopOnError(false);
+      runner.setErrorLogWriter(null);
+      runner.setSendFullScript(false);
+      Reader reader = new StringReader("""
+          INSERT INTO signon VALUES('xiaohong','123456');
+          123;
+          INSERT INTO signon VALUES('xiaoming','123456');
+          """);
+      runner.runScript(reader);
+    }
+    assertSignonCountByUsername(ds, "xiaohong", 1L);
+    assertSignonCountByUsername(ds, "xiaoming", 1L);
+  }
 }