From 77bc63c7580a47571f65ab37407b3be4f827a618 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 13:00:20 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/16] Support VECTOR data type

Related to #1549

---

For more details, open the [Copilot Workspace session](https://copilot-workspace.githubnext.com/mysql-net/MySqlConnector/issues/1549?shareId=XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX).
---
 src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs |  5 +++
 src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs         |  8 ++++
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs         | 18 ++++++++-
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs             |  7 ++++
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs          | 19 +++++++++
 .../MySqlDataReaderTests.cs                   | 39 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../MySqlParameterTests.cs                    | 33 ++++++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 128 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlDataReaderTests.cs

diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs
index eadb27de4..cee8c6590 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs
@@ -16,3 +16,8 @@ internal sealed class ColumnTypeMetadata(string dataTypeName, DbTypeMapping dbTy
 
 	public string CreateLookupKey() => CreateLookupKey(DataTypeName, IsUnsigned, Length);
 }
+
+internal static class ColumnTypeMetadataExtensions
+{
+	public static ColumnTypeMetadata Vector { get; } = new("VECTOR", new DbTypeMapping(typeof(float[]), new[] { DbType.Object }, convert: o => (float[])o), MySqlDbType.Vector, isUnsigned: false, binary: true, length: 0, simpleDataTypeName: "VECTOR", createFormat: "VECTOR({0})");
+}
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs
index 6397f9182..f07922e5b 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ private TypeMapper()
 		AddColumnTypeMetadata(new("DOUBLE", typeDouble, MySqlDbType.Double));
 		AddColumnTypeMetadata(new("FLOAT", typeFloat, MySqlDbType.Float));
 
+		 // vector
+		var typeFloatArray = AddDbTypeMapping(new(typeof(float[]), [DbType.Object], convert: static o => (float[])o));
+		AddColumnTypeMetadata(new("VECTOR", typeFloatArray, MySqlDbType.Vector, binary: true, simpleDataTypeName: "VECTOR", createFormat: "VECTOR({0})"));
+
 		// string
 		var typeFixedString = AddDbTypeMapping(new(typeof(string), [DbType.StringFixedLength, DbType.AnsiStringFixedLength], convert: Convert.ToString!));
 		var typeString = AddDbTypeMapping(new(typeof(string), [DbType.String, DbType.AnsiString, DbType.Xml], convert: Convert.ToString!));
@@ -303,6 +307,9 @@ public static MySqlDbType ConvertToMySqlDbType(ColumnDefinitionPayload columnDef
 			case ColumnType.Set:
 				return MySqlDbType.Set;
 
+			case ColumnType.Vector:
+				return MySqlDbType.Vector;
+
 			default:
 				throw new NotImplementedException($"ConvertToMySqlDbType for {columnDefinition.ColumnType} is not implemented");
 		}
@@ -339,6 +346,7 @@ public static ushort ConvertToColumnTypeAndFlags(MySqlDbType dbType, MySqlGuidFo
 			MySqlDbType.NewDecimal => ColumnType.NewDecimal,
 			MySqlDbType.Geometry => ColumnType.Geometry,
 			MySqlDbType.Null => ColumnType.Null,
+			MySqlDbType.Vector => ColumnType.Vector,
 			_ => throw new NotImplementedException($"ConvertToColumnTypeAndFlags for {dbType} is not implemented"),
 		};
 		return (ushort) ((byte) columnType | (isUnsigned ? 0x8000 : 0));
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
index 800fafe47..639bf839f 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
@@ -252,7 +252,15 @@ public override long GetChars(int ordinal, long dataOffset, char[]? buffer, int
 #endif
 	public override Type GetFieldType(int ordinal) => GetResultSet().GetFieldType(ordinal);
 
-	public override object GetValue(int ordinal) => GetResultSet().GetCurrentRow().GetValue(ordinal);
+	public override object GetValue(int ordinal)
+	{
+		var resultSet = GetResultSet();
+		if (resultSet.GetDataTypeName(ordinal) == "VECTOR")
+		{
+			return resultSet.GetCurrentRow().GetValue(ordinal);
+		}
+		return resultSet.GetCurrentRow().GetValue(ordinal);
+	}
 
 	public override IEnumerator GetEnumerator() => new DbEnumerator(this, closeReader: false);
 
@@ -428,6 +436,14 @@ public override T GetFieldValue<T>(int ordinal)
 			return (T) (object) GetDateOnly(ordinal);
 		if (typeof(T) == typeof(TimeOnly))
 			return (T) (object) GetTimeOnly(ordinal);
+		if (typeof(T) == typeof(ReadOnlySpan<float>))
+		{
+			var value = GetValue(ordinal);
+			if (value is float[] floatArray)
+			{
+				return (T) (object) new ReadOnlySpan<float>(floatArray);
+			}
+		}
 #endif
 
 		return base.GetFieldValue<T>(ordinal);
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs
index 77f990383..438473644 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@ namespace MySqlConnector;
 
 #pragma warning disable CA1720 // Identifier contains type name
 
+/// <summary>
+/// Specifies the MySQL data type of a field, property, for use in a <see cref="MySqlParameter"/>.
+/// </summary>
 public enum MySqlDbType
 {
 	Bool = -1,
@@ -37,6 +40,10 @@ public enum MySqlDbType
 	VarChar,
 	String,
 	Geometry,
+	/// <summary>
+	/// A MySQL VECTOR data type.
+	/// </summary>
+	Vector = 242,
 	UByte = 501,
 	UInt16,
 	UInt32,
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
index 6d493cba8..e24e4d766 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
@@ -554,6 +554,17 @@ internal void AppendSqlString(ByteBufferWriter writer, StatementPreparerOptions
 		{
 			writer.WriteString((ulong) Value);
 		}
+		else if (Value is float[] floatArrayValue)
+		{
+			writer.Write((byte) '[');
+			for (int i = 0; i < floatArrayValue.Length; i++)
+			{
+				if (i > 0)
+					writer.Write((byte) ',');
+				writer.WriteString(floatArrayValue[i]);
+			}
+			writer.Write((byte) ']');
+		}
 		else
 		{
 			throw new NotSupportedException($"Parameter type {Value.GetType().Name} is not supported; see https://mysqlconnector.net/param-type. Value: {Value}");
@@ -871,6 +882,14 @@ private void AppendBinary(ByteBufferWriter writer, object value, StatementPrepar
 		{
 			writer.Write((ulong) value);
 		}
+		else if (value is float[] floatArrayValue)
+		{
+			writer.WriteLengthEncodedInteger((ulong) (floatArrayValue.Length * 4));
+			foreach (var floatValue in floatArrayValue)
+			{
+				writer.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(floatValue));
+			}
+		}
 		else
 		{
 			throw new NotSupportedException($"Parameter type {value.GetType().Name} is not supported; see https://mysqlconnector.net/param-type. Value: {value}");
diff --git a/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlDataReaderTests.cs b/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlDataReaderTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5e5cd6df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlDataReaderTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+using System;
+using System.Data;
+using MySqlConnector;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace MySqlConnector.Tests
+{
+    public class MySqlDataReaderTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void GetVectorDataType()
+        {
+            using var connection = new MySqlConnection("your_connection_string");
+            connection.Open();
+
+            using var command = new MySqlCommand("SELECT CAST('[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]' AS VECTOR)", connection);
+            using var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
+
+            Assert.True(reader.Read());
+            var vector = reader.GetValue(0) as float[];
+            Assert.NotNull(vector);
+            Assert.Equal(new float[] { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f }, vector);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void GetReadOnlySpanFloat()
+        {
+            using var connection = new MySqlConnection("your_connection_string");
+            connection.Open();
+
+            using var command = new MySqlCommand("SELECT CAST('[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]' AS VECTOR)", connection);
+            using var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
+
+            Assert.True(reader.Read());
+            var span = reader.GetFieldValue<ReadOnlySpan<float>>(0);
+            Assert.Equal(new float[] { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f }, span.ToArray());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlParameterTests.cs b/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlParameterTests.cs
index 710c699cf..ee60ec2ae 100644
--- a/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlParameterTests.cs
+++ b/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlParameterTests.cs
@@ -423,4 +423,37 @@ public void ScaleMixed()
 		((IDbDataParameter) parameter).Scale = 12;
 		Assert.Equal((byte) 12, ((MySqlParameter) parameter).Scale);
 	}
+
+	[Fact]
+	public void SetValueToFloatArrayInfersType()
+	{
+		var parameter = new MySqlParameter { Value = new float[] { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f } };
+		Assert.Equal(DbType.Object, parameter.DbType);
+		Assert.Equal(MySqlDbType.Vector, parameter.MySqlDbType);
+	}
+
+	[Fact]
+	public void ConstructorNameTypeVector()
+	{
+		var parameter = new MySqlParameter("@vector", MySqlDbType.Vector);
+		Assert.Equal("@vector", parameter.ParameterName);
+		Assert.Equal(MySqlDbType.Vector, parameter.MySqlDbType);
+		Assert.Equal(DbType.Object, parameter.DbType);
+		Assert.False(parameter.IsNullable);
+		Assert.Null(parameter.Value);
+		Assert.Equal(ParameterDirection.Input, parameter.Direction);
+		Assert.Equal(0, parameter.Precision);
+		Assert.Equal(0, parameter.Scale);
+		Assert.Equal(0, parameter.Size);
+#if MYSQL_DATA
+		Assert.Equal(DataRowVersion.Default, parameter.SourceVersion);
+#else
+		Assert.Equal(DataRowVersion.Current, parameter.SourceVersion);
+#endif
+#if MYSQL_DATA
+		Assert.Null(parameter.SourceColumn);
+#else
+		Assert.Equal("", parameter.SourceColumn);
+#endif
+	}
 }

From 2ec0975779bc8d6dc28a383c4fb544a534003be8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 13:02:20 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/16] Delete unnecessary class.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs | 5 -----
 1 file changed, 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs
index cee8c6590..eadb27de4 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/ColumnTypeMetadata.cs
@@ -16,8 +16,3 @@ internal sealed class ColumnTypeMetadata(string dataTypeName, DbTypeMapping dbTy
 
 	public string CreateLookupKey() => CreateLookupKey(DataTypeName, IsUnsigned, Length);
 }
-
-internal static class ColumnTypeMetadataExtensions
-{
-	public static ColumnTypeMetadata Vector { get; } = new("VECTOR", new DbTypeMapping(typeof(float[]), new[] { DbType.Object }, convert: o => (float[])o), MySqlDbType.Vector, isUnsigned: false, binary: true, length: 0, simpleDataTypeName: "VECTOR", createFormat: "VECTOR({0})");
-}

From 6c3e8051bd7eb547ba2c92a7706fdc11e40e8d49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 13:02:56 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/16] Revert bad change.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs | 10 +---------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
index 639bf839f..46946150a 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
@@ -252,15 +252,7 @@ public override long GetChars(int ordinal, long dataOffset, char[]? buffer, int
 #endif
 	public override Type GetFieldType(int ordinal) => GetResultSet().GetFieldType(ordinal);
 
-	public override object GetValue(int ordinal)
-	{
-		var resultSet = GetResultSet();
-		if (resultSet.GetDataTypeName(ordinal) == "VECTOR")
-		{
-			return resultSet.GetCurrentRow().GetValue(ordinal);
-		}
-		return resultSet.GetCurrentRow().GetValue(ordinal);
-	}
+	public override object GetValue(int ordinal) => GetResultSet().GetCurrentRow().GetValue(ordinal);
 
 	public override IEnumerator GetEnumerator() => new DbEnumerator(this, closeReader: false);
 

From c0f22bf680b5be00317801a06f782ee0f4f4e4d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 13:03:55 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/16] Delete test in wrong project.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 .../MySqlDataReaderTests.cs                   | 39 -------------------
 1 file changed, 39 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlDataReaderTests.cs

diff --git a/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlDataReaderTests.cs b/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlDataReaderTests.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index e5e5cd6df..000000000
--- a/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlDataReaderTests.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Data;
-using MySqlConnector;
-using Xunit;
-
-namespace MySqlConnector.Tests
-{
-    public class MySqlDataReaderTests
-    {
-        [Fact]
-        public void GetVectorDataType()
-        {
-            using var connection = new MySqlConnection("your_connection_string");
-            connection.Open();
-
-            using var command = new MySqlCommand("SELECT CAST('[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]' AS VECTOR)", connection);
-            using var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
-
-            Assert.True(reader.Read());
-            var vector = reader.GetValue(0) as float[];
-            Assert.NotNull(vector);
-            Assert.Equal(new float[] { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f }, vector);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void GetReadOnlySpanFloat()
-        {
-            using var connection = new MySqlConnection("your_connection_string");
-            connection.Open();
-
-            using var command = new MySqlCommand("SELECT CAST('[1.0, 2.0, 3.0]' AS VECTOR)", connection);
-            using var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
-
-            Assert.True(reader.Read());
-            var span = reader.GetFieldValue<ReadOnlySpan<float>>(0);
-            Assert.Equal(new float[] { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f }, span.ToArray());
-        }
-    }
-}

From 52b2736c8c8f5a8db9ff7a597e139795cdf645cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 13:09:13 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/16] Delete comments for only one enum value.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs | 6 ------
 1 file changed, 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs
index 438473644..f1d0708a0 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbType.cs
@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@ namespace MySqlConnector;
 
 #pragma warning disable CA1720 // Identifier contains type name
 
-/// <summary>
-/// Specifies the MySQL data type of a field, property, for use in a <see cref="MySqlParameter"/>.
-/// </summary>
 public enum MySqlDbType
 {
 	Bool = -1,
@@ -40,9 +37,6 @@ public enum MySqlDbType
 	VarChar,
 	String,
 	Geometry,
-	/// <summary>
-	/// A MySQL VECTOR data type.
-	/// </summary>
 	Vector = 242,
 	UByte = 501,
 	UInt16,

From c3b65a50498c23cd2241580be37dd463b032ff13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 13:22:53 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/16] Clean up broken AI code.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs         |  2 +-
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs         |  8 -----
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs          | 28 +++++-----------
 src/MySqlConnector/Protocol/ColumnType.cs     |  1 +
 .../MySqlParameterTests.cs                    | 33 -------------------
 5 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs
index f07922e5b..1058a99e1 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ private TypeMapper()
 		AddColumnTypeMetadata(new("FLOAT", typeFloat, MySqlDbType.Float));
 
 		 // vector
-		var typeFloatArray = AddDbTypeMapping(new(typeof(float[]), [DbType.Object], convert: static o => (float[])o));
+		var typeFloatArray = AddDbTypeMapping(new(typeof(float[]), [DbType.Object]));
 		AddColumnTypeMetadata(new("VECTOR", typeFloatArray, MySqlDbType.Vector, binary: true, simpleDataTypeName: "VECTOR", createFormat: "VECTOR({0})"));
 
 		// string
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
index 46946150a..800fafe47 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
@@ -428,14 +428,6 @@ public override T GetFieldValue<T>(int ordinal)
 			return (T) (object) GetDateOnly(ordinal);
 		if (typeof(T) == typeof(TimeOnly))
 			return (T) (object) GetTimeOnly(ordinal);
-		if (typeof(T) == typeof(ReadOnlySpan<float>))
-		{
-			var value = GetValue(ordinal);
-			if (value is float[] floatArray)
-			{
-				return (T) (object) new ReadOnlySpan<float>(floatArray);
-			}
-		}
 #endif
 
 		return base.GetFieldValue<T>(ordinal);
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
index e24e4d766..438ceb49e 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Text;
 #if NET8_0_OR_GREATER
 using System.Text.Unicode;
@@ -282,7 +283,7 @@ internal void AppendSqlString(ByteBufferWriter writer, StatementPreparerOptions
 		{
 			writer.WriteString(ulongValue);
 		}
-		else if (Value is byte[] or ReadOnlyMemory<byte> or Memory<byte> or ArraySegment<byte> or MySqlGeometry or MemoryStream)
+		else if (Value is byte[] or ReadOnlyMemory<byte> or Memory<byte> or ArraySegment<byte> or MySqlGeometry or MemoryStream or float[])
 		{
 			var inputSpan = Value switch
 			{
@@ -291,6 +292,7 @@ internal void AppendSqlString(ByteBufferWriter writer, StatementPreparerOptions
 				Memory<byte> memory => memory.Span,
 				MySqlGeometry geometry => geometry.ValueSpan,
 				MemoryStream memoryStream => memoryStream.TryGetBuffer(out var streamBuffer) ? streamBuffer.AsSpan() : memoryStream.ToArray().AsSpan(),
+				float[] floatArray => MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatArray.AsSpan()),
 				_ => ((ReadOnlyMemory<byte>) Value).Span,
 			};
 
@@ -554,17 +556,6 @@ internal void AppendSqlString(ByteBufferWriter writer, StatementPreparerOptions
 		{
 			writer.WriteString((ulong) Value);
 		}
-		else if (Value is float[] floatArrayValue)
-		{
-			writer.Write((byte) '[');
-			for (int i = 0; i < floatArrayValue.Length; i++)
-			{
-				if (i > 0)
-					writer.Write((byte) ',');
-				writer.WriteString(floatArrayValue[i]);
-			}
-			writer.Write((byte) ']');
-		}
 		else
 		{
 			throw new NotSupportedException($"Parameter type {Value.GetType().Name} is not supported; see https://mysqlconnector.net/param-type. Value: {Value}");
@@ -740,6 +731,11 @@ private void AppendBinary(ByteBufferWriter writer, object value, StatementPrepar
 		{
 			writer.Write(unchecked((ulong) BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(doubleValue)));
 		}
+		else if (value is float[] floatArrayValue)
+		{
+			writer.WriteLengthEncodedInteger(unchecked((ulong) floatArrayValue.Length * 4));
+			writer.Write(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatArrayValue.AsSpan()));
+		}
 		else if (value is decimal decimalValue)
 		{
 			writer.WriteLengthEncodedAsciiString(decimalValue.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
@@ -882,14 +878,6 @@ private void AppendBinary(ByteBufferWriter writer, object value, StatementPrepar
 		{
 			writer.Write((ulong) value);
 		}
-		else if (value is float[] floatArrayValue)
-		{
-			writer.WriteLengthEncodedInteger((ulong) (floatArrayValue.Length * 4));
-			foreach (var floatValue in floatArrayValue)
-			{
-				writer.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(floatValue));
-			}
-		}
 		else
 		{
 			throw new NotSupportedException($"Parameter type {value.GetType().Name} is not supported; see https://mysqlconnector.net/param-type. Value: {value}");
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/Protocol/ColumnType.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/Protocol/ColumnType.cs
index 4b3701106..b031a41a5 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/Protocol/ColumnType.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/Protocol/ColumnType.cs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ internal enum ColumnType
 	Bit = 16,
 	Timestamp2 = 17,
 	DateTime2 = 18,
+	Vector = 242,
 	Json = 0xF5,
 	NewDecimal = 0xF6,
 	Enum = 0xF7,
diff --git a/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlParameterTests.cs b/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlParameterTests.cs
index ee60ec2ae..710c699cf 100644
--- a/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlParameterTests.cs
+++ b/tests/MySqlConnector.Tests/MySqlParameterTests.cs
@@ -423,37 +423,4 @@ public void ScaleMixed()
 		((IDbDataParameter) parameter).Scale = 12;
 		Assert.Equal((byte) 12, ((MySqlParameter) parameter).Scale);
 	}
-
-	[Fact]
-	public void SetValueToFloatArrayInfersType()
-	{
-		var parameter = new MySqlParameter { Value = new float[] { 1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f } };
-		Assert.Equal(DbType.Object, parameter.DbType);
-		Assert.Equal(MySqlDbType.Vector, parameter.MySqlDbType);
-	}
-
-	[Fact]
-	public void ConstructorNameTypeVector()
-	{
-		var parameter = new MySqlParameter("@vector", MySqlDbType.Vector);
-		Assert.Equal("@vector", parameter.ParameterName);
-		Assert.Equal(MySqlDbType.Vector, parameter.MySqlDbType);
-		Assert.Equal(DbType.Object, parameter.DbType);
-		Assert.False(parameter.IsNullable);
-		Assert.Null(parameter.Value);
-		Assert.Equal(ParameterDirection.Input, parameter.Direction);
-		Assert.Equal(0, parameter.Precision);
-		Assert.Equal(0, parameter.Scale);
-		Assert.Equal(0, parameter.Size);
-#if MYSQL_DATA
-		Assert.Equal(DataRowVersion.Default, parameter.SourceVersion);
-#else
-		Assert.Equal(DataRowVersion.Current, parameter.SourceVersion);
-#endif
-#if MYSQL_DATA
-		Assert.Null(parameter.SourceColumn);
-#else
-		Assert.Equal("", parameter.SourceColumn);
-#endif
-	}
 }

From 6d73d95bf7842e9d7204f3ebacb4ac1720254ca0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 15:03:37 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/16] Add ServerFeatures.Vector and simple test.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 azure-pipelines.yml                            | 18 +++++++++---------
 .../ColumnReaders/ColumnReader.cs              |  3 +++
 .../ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs        | 12 ++++++++++++
 src/MySqlConnector/Core/Row.cs                 |  2 +-
 src/MySqlConnector/packages.lock.json          | 14 --------------
 tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs            | 12 ++++++++++++
 tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs     | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs       |  5 +++++
 8 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs

diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index fa4d3d285..811c77f61 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
       arguments: 'tests\IntegrationTests\IntegrationTests.csproj -c MySqlData'
       testRunTitle: 'MySql.Data integration tests'
     env:
-      DATA__UNSUPPORTEDFEATURES: 'Ed25519,QueryAttributes,StreamingResults,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket'
+      DATA__UNSUPPORTEDFEATURES: 'Ed25519,QueryAttributes,StreamingResults,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket,Vector'
       DATA__CONNECTIONSTRING: 'server=localhost;port=3306;user id=root;password=test;database=mysqltest;ssl mode=none;DefaultCommandTimeout=3600'
       DATA__CERTIFICATESPATH: '$(Build.Repository.LocalPath)\.ci\server\certs\'
       DATA__MYSQLBULKLOADERLOCALCSVFILE: '$(Build.Repository.LocalPath)\tests\TestData\LoadData_UTF8_BOM_Unix.CSV'
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ jobs:
       arguments: '-c Release --no-restore -p:TestTfmsInParallel=false'
       testRunTitle: ${{ format('{0}, $(Agent.OS), {1}, {2}', 'mysql:8.0', 'net481/net9.0', 'No SSL') }}
     env:
-      DATA__UNSUPPORTEDFEATURES: 'Ed25519,QueryAttributes,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket'
+      DATA__UNSUPPORTEDFEATURES: 'Ed25519,QueryAttributes,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket,Vector'
       DATA__CONNECTIONSTRING: 'server=localhost;port=3306;user id=mysqltest;password=test;database=mysqltest;ssl mode=none;DefaultCommandTimeout=3600;AllowPublicKeyRetrieval=True;UseCompression=True'
 
 - job: windows_integration_tests_2
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ jobs:
       arguments: '-c Release --no-restore -p:TestTfmsInParallel=false'
       testRunTitle: ${{ format('{0}, $(Agent.OS), {1}, {2}', 'mysql:8.0', 'net8.0', 'No SSL') }}
     env:
-      DATA__UNSUPPORTEDFEATURES: 'Ed25519,QueryAttributes,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket'
+      DATA__UNSUPPORTEDFEATURES: 'Ed25519,QueryAttributes,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket,Vector'
       DATA__CONNECTIONSTRING: 'server=localhost;port=3306;user id=mysqltest;password=test;database=mysqltest;ssl mode=none;DefaultCommandTimeout=3600;AllowPublicKeyRetrieval=True'
 
 - job: linux_integration_tests
@@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ jobs:
       'MySQL 8.0':
         image: 'mysql:8.0'
         connectionStringExtra: 'AllowPublicKeyRetrieval=True'
-        unsupportedFeatures: 'Ed25519,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,ZeroDateTime'
+        unsupportedFeatures: 'Ed25519,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,Vector,ZeroDateTime'
       'MySQL 8.4':
         image: 'mysql:8.4'
         connectionStringExtra: 'AllowPublicKeyRetrieval=True'
-        unsupportedFeatures: 'Ed25519,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,ZeroDateTime'
+        unsupportedFeatures: 'Ed25519,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,Vector,ZeroDateTime'
       'MySQL 9.2':
         image: 'mysql:9.2'
         connectionStringExtra: 'AllowPublicKeyRetrieval=True'
@@ -183,19 +183,19 @@ jobs:
       'MariaDB 10.6':
         image: 'mariadb:10.6'
         connectionStringExtra: ''
-        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UuidToBin'
+        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UuidToBin,Vector'
       'MariaDB 10.11':
         image: 'mariadb:10.11'
         connectionStringExtra: ''
-        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UuidToBin'
+        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UuidToBin,Vector'
       'MariaDB 11.4':
         image: 'mariadb:11.4'
         connectionStringExtra: ''
-        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Sha256Password,Tls11,UuidToBin,Redirection'
+        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,UuidToBin,Vector'
       'MariaDB 11.6':
         image: 'mariadb:11.6'
         connectionStringExtra: ''
-        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,UuidToBin'
+        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,UuidToBin,Vector'
   steps:
   - template: '.ci/integration-tests-steps.yml'
     parameters:
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/ColumnReader.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/ColumnReader.cs
index 86ba9145f..24baba810 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/ColumnReader.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/ColumnReader.cs
@@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ public static ColumnReader Create(bool isBinary, ColumnDefinitionPayload columnD
 			case ColumnType.Null:
 				return NullColumnReader.Instance;
 
+			case ColumnType.Vector:
+				return VectorColumnReader.Instance;
+
 			default:
 				throw new NotImplementedException($"Reading {columnDefinition.ColumnType} not implemented");
 		}
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..637b0f491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using MySqlConnector.Protocol.Payloads;
+
+namespace MySqlConnector.ColumnReaders;
+
+internal sealed class VectorColumnReader : ColumnReader
+{
+	public static VectorColumnReader Instance { get; } = new();
+
+	public override object ReadValue(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, ColumnDefinitionPayload columnDefinition) =>
+		MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>(data).ToArray();
+}
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/Row.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/Row.cs
index bdbc81658..a9f424c9d 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/Row.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/Row.cs
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ private void CheckBinaryColumn(int ordinal)
 		if ((column.ColumnFlags & ColumnFlags.Binary) == 0 ||
 			(columnType != ColumnType.String && columnType != ColumnType.VarString && columnType != ColumnType.TinyBlob &&
 			columnType != ColumnType.Blob && columnType != ColumnType.MediumBlob && columnType != ColumnType.LongBlob &&
-			columnType != ColumnType.Geometry))
+			columnType != ColumnType.Geometry && columnType != ColumnType.Vector))
 		{
 			throw new InvalidCastException($"Can't convert {columnType} to bytes.");
 		}
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/packages.lock.json b/src/MySqlConnector/packages.lock.json
index 3fc5d7c53..3b22aa928 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/packages.lock.json
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/packages.lock.json
@@ -300,15 +300,6 @@
           "System.Memory": "4.5.5"
         }
       },
-      "Microsoft.NETFramework.ReferenceAssemblies": {
-        "type": "Direct",
-        "requested": "[1.0.3, )",
-        "resolved": "1.0.3",
-        "contentHash": "vUc9Npcs14QsyOD01tnv/m8sQUnGTGOw1BCmKcv77LBJY7OxhJ+zJF7UD/sCL3lYNFuqmQEVlkfS4Quif6FyYg==",
-        "dependencies": {
-          "Microsoft.NETFramework.ReferenceAssemblies.net48": "1.0.3"
-        }
-      },
       "Microsoft.SourceLink.GitHub": {
         "type": "Direct",
         "requested": "[8.0.0, )",
@@ -366,11 +357,6 @@
         "resolved": "8.0.0",
         "contentHash": "bZKfSIKJRXLTuSzLudMFte/8CempWjVamNUR5eHJizsy+iuOuO/k2gnh7W0dHJmYY0tBf+gUErfluCv5mySAOQ=="
       },
-      "Microsoft.NETFramework.ReferenceAssemblies.net48": {
-        "type": "Transitive",
-        "resolved": "1.0.3",
-        "contentHash": "zMk4D+9zyiEWByyQ7oPImPN/Jhpj166Ky0Nlla4eXlNL8hI/BtSJsgR8Inldd4NNpIAH3oh8yym0W2DrhXdSLQ=="
-      },
       "Microsoft.SourceLink.Common": {
         "type": "Transitive",
         "resolved": "8.0.0",
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
index b03650cbd..3f1ee3a51 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
@@ -1599,6 +1599,18 @@ public void QueryJson(string column, string[] expected)
 		DoQuery("json_core", column, dataTypeName, expected, reader => reader.GetString(0), omitWhereTest: true);
 	}
 
+#if !MYSQL_DATA
+	[SkippableTheory(ServerFeatures.Vector)]
+	[InlineData("value", new[] { null, "0,0,0", "1,1,1", "1,2,3", "3.40282347E+38,3.40282347E+38,3.40282347E+38" })]
+	public void QueryVector(string column, string[] expected)
+	{
+		string dataTypeName = "VECTOR";
+		DoQuery("vector", column, dataTypeName,
+			expected.Select(x => x?.Split(',').Select(x => float.Parse(x, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray()).ToArray(),
+			static x => (float[]) x.GetValue(0), omitWhereTest: true);
+	}
+#endif
+
 	[SkippableTheory(MySqlData = "https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=97067")]
 	[InlineData(false, "MIN", 0)]
 	[InlineData(false, "MAX", uint.MaxValue)]
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs
index f9ad28a38..1dbba6675 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs
@@ -242,6 +242,24 @@ insert into datatypes_json_core (value)
   ('{""a"": ""b""}');
 ");
 		}
+
+		if (AppConfig.SupportedFeatures.HasFlag(ServerFeatures.Vector))
+		{
+			Connection.Execute("""
+				drop table if exists datatypes_vector;
+				create table datatypes_vector (
+					rowid integer not null primary key auto_increment,
+					value vector(3) null
+				);
+				insert into datatypes_vector (value)
+				values
+					(null),
+					(STRING_TO_VECTOR('[0, 0, 0]')),
+					(STRING_TO_VECTOR('[1, 1, 1]')),
+					(STRING_TO_VECTOR('[1, 2, 3]')),
+					(STRING_TO_VECTOR('[3.40282347E+38, 3.40282347E+38, 3.40282347E+38]'));
+				""");
+		}
 		Connection.Close();
 	}
 }
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs
index 120b541bf..c1f12591b 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs
@@ -45,4 +45,9 @@ public enum ServerFeatures
 	/// Server provides hash of TLS certificate in first OK packet.
 	/// </summary>
 	TlsFingerprintValidation = 0x100_0000,
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Server supports the <c>VECTOR</c> data type.
+	/// </summary>
+	Vector = 0x200_0000,
 }

From 6af96e49bbf4ca186ef98012f28525ac81fbffaf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 15:35:43 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/16] Fix Appveyor build.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 .ci/config/config.compression+ssl.json | 2 +-
 .ci/config/config.compression.json     | 2 +-
 .ci/config/config.json                 | 2 +-
 .ci/config/config.ssl.json             | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.ci/config/config.compression+ssl.json b/.ci/config/config.compression+ssl.json
index f7d4263c8..e0bf3504d 100644
--- a/.ci/config/config.compression+ssl.json
+++ b/.ci/config/config.compression+ssl.json
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
       "SocketPath": "./../../../../.ci/run/mysql/mysqld.sock",
       "PasswordlessUser": "no_password",
       "SecondaryDatabase": "testdb2",
-      "UnsupportedFeatures": "CachingSha2Password,Redirection,RsaEncryption,Tls12,Tls13,TlsFingerprintValidation,UuidToBin",
+      "UnsupportedFeatures": "CachingSha2Password,Redirection,RsaEncryption,Tls12,Tls13,TlsFingerprintValidation,UuidToBin,Vector",
       "MySqlBulkLoaderLocalCsvFile": "../../../TestData/LoadData_UTF8_BOM_Unix.CSV",
       "MySqlBulkLoaderLocalTsvFile": "../../../TestData/LoadData_UTF8_BOM_Unix.TSV",
       "CertificatesPath": "../../../../.ci/server/certs"
diff --git a/.ci/config/config.compression.json b/.ci/config/config.compression.json
index 09326f1f6..d6206ed1d 100644
--- a/.ci/config/config.compression.json
+++ b/.ci/config/config.compression.json
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
       "SocketPath": "./../../../../.ci/run/mysql/mysqld.sock",
       "PasswordlessUser": "no_password",
       "SecondaryDatabase": "testdb2",
-      "UnsupportedFeatures": "Ed25519,QueryAttributes,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket,ZeroDateTime",
+      "UnsupportedFeatures": "Ed25519,QueryAttributes,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket,Vector,ZeroDateTime",
       "MySqlBulkLoaderLocalCsvFile": "../../../../tests/TestData/LoadData_UTF8_BOM_Unix.CSV",
       "MySqlBulkLoaderLocalTsvFile": "../../../../tests/TestData/LoadData_UTF8_BOM_Unix.TSV"
     }
diff --git a/.ci/config/config.json b/.ci/config/config.json
index bc38f605a..b539060a9 100644
--- a/.ci/config/config.json
+++ b/.ci/config/config.json
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
       "SocketPath": "./../../../../.ci/run/mysql/mysqld.sock",
       "PasswordlessUser": "no_password",
       "SecondaryDatabase": "testdb2",
-      "UnsupportedFeatures": "Ed25519,QueryAttributes,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket,ZeroDateTime",
+      "UnsupportedFeatures": "Ed25519,QueryAttributes,Redirection,StreamingResults,Tls11,TlsFingerprintValidation,UnixDomainSocket,Vector,ZeroDateTime",
       "MySqlBulkLoaderLocalCsvFile": "../../../../tests/TestData/LoadData_UTF8_BOM_Unix.CSV",
       "MySqlBulkLoaderLocalTsvFile": "../../../../tests/TestData/LoadData_UTF8_BOM_Unix.TSV"
     }
diff --git a/.ci/config/config.ssl.json b/.ci/config/config.ssl.json
index a7511faa4..e136a243d 100644
--- a/.ci/config/config.ssl.json
+++ b/.ci/config/config.ssl.json
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
       "SocketPath": "./../../../../.ci/run/mysql/mysqld.sock",
       "PasswordlessUser": "no_password",
       "SecondaryDatabase": "testdb2",
-      "UnsupportedFeatures": "CachingSha2Password,Redirection,RsaEncryption,Tls12,Tls13,TlsFingerprintValidation,UuidToBin",
+      "UnsupportedFeatures": "CachingSha2Password,Redirection,RsaEncryption,Tls12,Tls13,TlsFingerprintValidation,UuidToBin,Vector",
       "MySqlBulkLoaderLocalCsvFile": "../../../../tests/TestData/LoadData_UTF8_BOM_Unix.CSV",
       "MySqlBulkLoaderLocalTsvFile": "../../../../tests/TestData/LoadData_UTF8_BOM_Unix.TSV",
       "CertificatesPath": "../../../../.ci/server/certs"

From 6f6210efc2d5cd51ecb8d6fadf8de1ed414a5ec0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 15:44:48 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/16] Test column schema for VECTOR.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbColumn.cs | 1 +
 tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbColumn.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbColumn.cs
index b55e9a02a..9696951ed 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbColumn.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDbColumn.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ internal MySqlDbColumn(int ordinal, ColumnDefinitionPayload column, bool allowZe
 		var type = columnTypeMetadata.DbTypeMapping.ClrType;
 		var columnSize = type == typeof(string) || type == typeof(Guid) ?
 			column.ColumnLength / ProtocolUtility.GetBytesPerCharacter(column.CharacterSet) :
+			column.ColumnType == ColumnType.Vector ? column.ColumnLength / 4 :
 			column.ColumnLength;
 
 		AllowDBNull = (column.ColumnFlags & ColumnFlags.NotNull) == 0;
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
index 3f1ee3a51..bf4bd0e66 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
@@ -1143,6 +1143,9 @@ private static object CreateGeometry(byte[] data)
 	[InlineData("Int64", "datatypes_integers", MySqlDbType.Int64, 20, typeof(long), "N", 0, 0)]
 	[InlineData("UInt64", "datatypes_integers", MySqlDbType.UInt64, 20, typeof(ulong), "N", 0, 0)]
 	[InlineData("value", "datatypes_json_core", MySqlDbType.JSON, int.MaxValue, typeof(string), "LN", 0, 0)]
+#if !MYSQL_DATA
+	[InlineData("value", "datatypes_vector", MySqlDbType.Vector, 3, typeof(float[]), "N", 0, 31)]
+#endif
 	[InlineData("Single", "datatypes_reals", MySqlDbType.Float, 12, typeof(float), "N", 0, 31)]
 	[InlineData("Double", "datatypes_reals", MySqlDbType.Double, 22, typeof(double), "N", 0, 31)]
 	[InlineData("SmallDecimal", "datatypes_reals", MySqlDbType.NewDecimal, 7, typeof(decimal), "N", 5, 2)]
@@ -1195,6 +1198,8 @@ private void DoGetSchemaTable(string column, string table, MySqlDbType mySqlDbTy
 	{
 		if (table == "datatypes_json_core" && !AppConfig.SupportsJson)
 			return;
+		if (table == "datatypes_vector" && !AppConfig.SupportedFeatures.HasFlag(ServerFeatures.Vector))
+			return;
 
 		var isAutoIncrement = flags.IndexOf('A') != -1;
 		var isKey = flags.IndexOf('K') != -1;

From 4ff262085f04e11116dc6b9c5dd6066a55dbfc0f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 16:32:11 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/16] Add more tests and test with MySql.Data.

MySql.Data 8.4.0 already supports the VECTOR data type.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs           | 25 +++++++--
 tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs          | 52 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs  | 38 ++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
index bf4bd0e66..5fb6b599d 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 using System.Globalization;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
 #if MYSQL_DATA
 using MySql.Data.Types;
 #endif
@@ -1143,7 +1145,9 @@ private static object CreateGeometry(byte[] data)
 	[InlineData("Int64", "datatypes_integers", MySqlDbType.Int64, 20, typeof(long), "N", 0, 0)]
 	[InlineData("UInt64", "datatypes_integers", MySqlDbType.UInt64, 20, typeof(ulong), "N", 0, 0)]
 	[InlineData("value", "datatypes_json_core", MySqlDbType.JSON, int.MaxValue, typeof(string), "LN", 0, 0)]
-#if !MYSQL_DATA
+#if MYSQL_DATA
+	[InlineData("value", "datatypes_vector", MySqlDbType.Vector, 12, typeof(byte[]), "N", 0, 31)]
+#else
 	[InlineData("value", "datatypes_vector", MySqlDbType.Vector, 3, typeof(float[]), "N", 0, 31)]
 #endif
 	[InlineData("Single", "datatypes_reals", MySqlDbType.Float, 12, typeof(float), "N", 0, 31)]
@@ -1604,17 +1608,28 @@ public void QueryJson(string column, string[] expected)
 		DoQuery("json_core", column, dataTypeName, expected, reader => reader.GetString(0), omitWhereTest: true);
 	}
 
-#if !MYSQL_DATA
 	[SkippableTheory(ServerFeatures.Vector)]
 	[InlineData("value", new[] { null, "0,0,0", "1,1,1", "1,2,3", "3.40282347E+38,3.40282347E+38,3.40282347E+38" })]
 	public void QueryVector(string column, string[] expected)
 	{
 		string dataTypeName = "VECTOR";
 		DoQuery("vector", column, dataTypeName,
-			expected.Select(x => x?.Split(',').Select(x => float.Parse(x, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray()).ToArray(),
-			static x => (float[]) x.GetValue(0), omitWhereTest: true);
-	}
+			expected.Select(x =>
+#if MYSQL_DATA
+				// Connector/NET returns the float array as a byte[]
+				x is null ? null : MemoryMarshal.AsBytes<float>(x.Split(',').Select(x => float.Parse(x, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray()).ToArray())
+#else
+				x?.Split(',').Select(x => float.Parse(x, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray())
+#endif
+			.ToArray(),
+#if !MYSQL_DATA
+			static x => (float[]) x.GetValue(0),
+#else
+			// NOTE: Connector/NET returns 'null' for NULL so simulate an exception for the tests
+			x => x.IsDBNull(0) ? throw new GetValueWhenNullException() : x.GetValue(0),
 #endif
+			omitWhereTest: true);
+	}
 
 	[SkippableTheory(MySqlData = "https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=97067")]
 	[InlineData(false, "MIN", 0)]
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
index a6077f5fe..fecaa3141 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
 namespace IntegrationTests;
 
 public class QueryTests : IClassFixture<DatabaseFixture>, IDisposable
@@ -1688,6 +1690,56 @@ public void GetBytesByName()
 	}
 #endif
 
+	[SkippableTheory(ServerFeatures.Vector)]
+	[InlineData(false)]
+	[InlineData(true)]
+	public void QueryVector(bool prepare)
+	{
+		using var connection = new MySqlConnection(AppConfig.ConnectionString);
+		connection.Open();
+
+		connection.Execute("""
+			drop table if exists test_vector;
+			create table test_vector(id int auto_increment not null primary key, vec vector not null);
+			""");
+
+		using var cmd = m_database.Connection.CreateCommand();
+		cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO test_vector(vec) VALUES(@vec)";
+		cmd.Parameters.Add(new MySqlParameter
+		{
+			ParameterName = "@vec",
+			MySqlDbType = MySqlDbType.Vector,
+		});
+
+		var floatArray = new[] { 1.2f, 3.4f, 5.6f };
+#if MYSQL_DATA
+		// Connector/NET requires the float vector to be passed as a byte array
+		cmd.Parameters[0].Value = MemoryMarshal.AsBytes<float>(floatArray).ToArray();
+#else
+		cmd.Parameters[0].Value = floatArray;
+#endif
+
+		if (prepare)
+			cmd.Prepare();
+		cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+
+		// Select and verify the value
+		cmd.CommandText = "SELECT vec FROM test_vector";
+		if (prepare)
+			cmd.Prepare();
+
+		using var reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
+		Assert.True(reader.Read());
+		var value = reader.GetValue(0);
+
+#if MYSQL_DATA
+		var result = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>((byte[]) value).ToArray();
+#else
+		var result = (float[]) value;
+#endif
+		Assert.Equal(floatArray, result);
+	}
+
 	private class BoolTest
 	{
 		public int Id { get; set; }
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs
index cd0e79ede..18e5efde0 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs
@@ -761,6 +761,44 @@ public void PassJsonParameter()
 		Assert.False(reader.Read());
 	}
 
+#if false
+	[SkippableTheory(ServerFeatures.Vector)]
+	[InlineData(false)]
+	[InlineData(true)]
+	public void VectorOutputParameter(bool prepare)
+	{
+		using var cmd = m_database.Connection.CreateCommand();
+		cmd.CommandText = """
+			DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_vector_out;
+			CREATE PROCEDURE sp_vector_out (OUT vec VECTOR)
+			BEGIN
+				SELECT STRING_TO_VECTOR('[1.2, 3.4, 5.6]') INTO vec;
+			END;
+			""";
+		cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+
+		cmd.CommandText = "sp_vector_out";
+		cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
+		cmd.Parameters.Add(new MySqlParameter
+		{
+			ParameterName = "@vec",
+			MySqlDbType = MySqlDbType.Vector,
+			Direction = ParameterDirection.Output,
+		});
+
+		if (prepare)
+			cmd.Prepare();
+		cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+
+		var value = cmd.Parameters[0].Value;
+		Assert.IsType<float[]>(value);
+
+		var result = (float[]) value;
+
+		Assert.Equal(new float[] { 1.2f, 3.4f, 5.6f }, result);
+	}
+#endif
+
 	private static Action<MySqlParameter> AssertParameter(string name, ParameterDirection direction, MySqlDbType mySqlDbType)
 	{
 		return x =>

From f99c6923965762f0c8997cba71ec078baebe3438 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 20:10:27 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/16] Support VECTOR for MariaDB 11.7.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 azure-pipelines.yml                           |  6 ++--
 .../Core/SingleCommandPayloadCreator.cs       |  4 +++
 tests/IntegrationTests/CharacterSetTests.cs   |  2 +-
 tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs           | 29 ++++++++++++++-----
 tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs    |  6 +++-
 tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs          |  5 ++--
 tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs      |  7 ++++-
 7 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index 811c77f61..cc793ad80 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -192,10 +192,10 @@ jobs:
         image: 'mariadb:11.4'
         connectionStringExtra: ''
         unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,UuidToBin,Vector'
-      'MariaDB 11.6':
-        image: 'mariadb:11.6'
+      'MariaDB 11.7':
+        image: 'mariadb:11.7'
         connectionStringExtra: ''
-        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,UuidToBin,Vector'
+        unsupportedFeatures: 'CachingSha2Password,CancelSleepSuccessfully,Json,RoundDateTime,QueryAttributes,Redirection,Sha256Password,Tls11,UuidToBin,VectorType'
   steps:
   - template: '.ci/integration-tests-steps.yml'
     parameters:
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/SingleCommandPayloadCreator.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/SingleCommandPayloadCreator.cs
index e6c2c641d..a9abe0b97 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/SingleCommandPayloadCreator.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/SingleCommandPayloadCreator.cs
@@ -165,6 +165,10 @@ private static void WriteBinaryParameters(ByteBufferWriter writer, MySqlParamete
 				mySqlDbType = TypeMapper.Instance.GetMySqlDbTypeForDbType(dbType);
 			}
 
+			// HACK: MariaDB doesn't have a dedicated Vector type so mark it as binary data
+			if (mySqlDbType == MySqlDbType.Vector && command.Connection!.Session.ServerVersion.IsMariaDb)
+				mySqlDbType = MySqlDbType.LongBlob;
+
 			writer.Write(TypeMapper.ConvertToColumnTypeAndFlags(mySqlDbType, command.Connection!.GuidFormat));
 
 			if (supportsQueryAttributes)
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/CharacterSetTests.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/CharacterSetTests.cs
index 2dcb685a8..317d49ddc 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/CharacterSetTests.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/CharacterSetTests.cs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public void CollationConnection(bool reopenConnection)
 
 		var collation = connection.Query<string>(@"select @@collation_connection;").Single();
 		var expected = connection.ServerVersion.Substring(0, 2) is "8." or "9." ? "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci" :
-			connection.ServerVersion.StartsWith("11.4.", StringComparison.Ordinal) || connection.ServerVersion.StartsWith("11.6.", StringComparison.Ordinal) ? "utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci" :
+			connection.ServerVersion.StartsWith("11.4.", StringComparison.Ordinal) || connection.ServerVersion.StartsWith("11.7.", StringComparison.Ordinal) ? "utf8mb4_uca1400_ai_ci" :
 			"utf8mb4_general_ci";
 		Assert.Equal(expected, collation);
 	}
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
index 5fb6b599d..8a95e8360 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
@@ -1205,6 +1205,15 @@ private void DoGetSchemaTable(string column, string table, MySqlDbType mySqlDbTy
 		if (table == "datatypes_vector" && !AppConfig.SupportedFeatures.HasFlag(ServerFeatures.Vector))
 			return;
 
+		// adjust for databases that don't have a dedicated on-the-wire type for VECTOR(n)
+		if (mySqlDbType == MySqlDbType.Vector && !AppConfig.SupportedFeatures.HasFlag(ServerFeatures.VectorType))
+		{
+			mySqlDbType = MySqlDbType.VarBinary;
+			columnSize *= 4;
+			dataType = typeof(byte[]);
+			scale = 0;
+		}
+
 		var isAutoIncrement = flags.IndexOf('A') != -1;
 		var isKey = flags.IndexOf('K') != -1;
 		var isLong = flags.IndexOf('L') != -1;
@@ -1609,26 +1618,32 @@ public void QueryJson(string column, string[] expected)
 	}
 
 	[SkippableTheory(ServerFeatures.Vector)]
-	[InlineData("value", new[] { null, "0,0,0", "1,1,1", "1,2,3", "3.40282347E+38,3.40282347E+38,3.40282347E+38" })]
+	[InlineData("value", new[] { null, "0,0,0", "1,1,1", "1,2,3", "-1,-1,-1" })]
 	public void QueryVector(string column, string[] expected)
 	{
-		string dataTypeName = "VECTOR";
+		var hasVectorType = AppConfig.SupportedFeatures.HasFlag(ServerFeatures.VectorType);
+		string dataTypeName = hasVectorType ? "VECTOR" : "BLOB";
 		DoQuery("vector", column, dataTypeName,
 			expected.Select(x =>
-#if MYSQL_DATA
-				// Connector/NET returns the float array as a byte[]
-				x is null ? null : MemoryMarshal.AsBytes<float>(x.Split(',').Select(x => float.Parse(x, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray()).ToArray())
+#if !MYSQL_DATA
+				hasVectorType ? (object) GetFloatArray(x) : GetByteArray(x))
 #else
-				x?.Split(',').Select(x => float.Parse(x, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray())
+				// Connector/NET returns the float array as a byte[]
+				GetByteArray(x))
 #endif
 			.ToArray(),
 #if !MYSQL_DATA
-			static x => (float[]) x.GetValue(0),
+			x => hasVectorType ? (float[]) x.GetValue(0) : (byte[]) x.GetValue(0),
 #else
 			// NOTE: Connector/NET returns 'null' for NULL so simulate an exception for the tests
 			x => x.IsDBNull(0) ? throw new GetValueWhenNullException() : x.GetValue(0),
 #endif
 			omitWhereTest: true);
+
+		static float[] GetFloatArray(string value) => value?.Split(',').Select(x => float.Parse(x, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray();
+
+		static byte[] GetByteArray(string value) =>
+			GetFloatArray(value) is { } floats ? MemoryMarshal.AsBytes<float>(floats).ToArray() : null;
 	}
 
 	[SkippableTheory(MySqlData = "https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=97067")]
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs
index 1dbba6675..9f3fbac72 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypesFixture.cs
@@ -245,6 +245,10 @@ insert into datatypes_json_core (value)
 
 		if (AppConfig.SupportedFeatures.HasFlag(ServerFeatures.Vector))
 		{
+			// create a helper function for MariaDB 11.7+
+			if (Connection.ServerVersion.StartsWith("11.7.", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+				Connection.Execute("create function if not exists STRING_TO_VECTOR(s text) returns vector(3) deterministic return Vec_FromText(s);");
+
 			Connection.Execute("""
 				drop table if exists datatypes_vector;
 				create table datatypes_vector (
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@ insert into datatypes_vector (value)
 					(STRING_TO_VECTOR('[0, 0, 0]')),
 					(STRING_TO_VECTOR('[1, 1, 1]')),
 					(STRING_TO_VECTOR('[1, 2, 3]')),
-					(STRING_TO_VECTOR('[3.40282347E+38, 3.40282347E+38, 3.40282347E+38]'));
+					(STRING_TO_VECTOR('[-1, -1, -1]'));
 				""");
 		}
 		Connection.Close();
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
index fecaa3141..3c0aa6e4a 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
@@ -1700,7 +1700,7 @@ public void QueryVector(bool prepare)
 
 		connection.Execute("""
 			drop table if exists test_vector;
-			create table test_vector(id int auto_increment not null primary key, vec vector not null);
+			create table test_vector(id int auto_increment not null primary key, vec vector(3) not null);
 			""");
 
 		using var cmd = m_database.Connection.CreateCommand();
@@ -1735,7 +1735,8 @@ public void QueryVector(bool prepare)
 #if MYSQL_DATA
 		var result = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>((byte[]) value).ToArray();
 #else
-		var result = (float[]) value;
+		var result = AppConfig.SupportedFeatures.HasFlag(ServerFeatures.VectorType) ? (float[]) value :
+			MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>((byte[]) value).ToArray();
 #endif
 		Assert.Equal(floatArray, result);
 	}
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs
index c1f12591b..8e37bc0b2 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/ServerFeatures.cs
@@ -47,7 +47,12 @@ public enum ServerFeatures
 	TlsFingerprintValidation = 0x100_0000,
 
 	/// <summary>
-	/// Server supports the <c>VECTOR</c> data type.
+	/// Server supports the <c>VECTOR</c> SQL type.
 	/// </summary>
 	Vector = 0x200_0000,
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Server has a dedicated type on the wire for <c>VECTOR</c>.
+	/// </summary>
+	VectorType = 0x400_0000,
 }

From c6f228f0c0cdb37ad8a5da6f8db713955402ba38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2025 20:33:49 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/16] Fix references to 11.6.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 .ci/docker-run.sh    | 2 +-
 docs/content/home.md | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.ci/docker-run.sh b/.ci/docker-run.sh
index 7a791e21d..4f2999c2d 100755
--- a/.ci/docker-run.sh
+++ b/.ci/docker-run.sh
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ MYSQL=mysql
 if [[ "$IMAGE" == mariadb* ]]; then
   MYSQL_EXTRA='--in-predicate-conversion-threshold=100000 --plugin-maturity=beta'
 fi
-if [ "$IMAGE" == "mariadb:11.4" ] || [ "$IMAGE" == "mariadb:11.6" ]; then
+if [ "$IMAGE" == "mariadb:11.4" ] || [ "$IMAGE" == "mariadb:11.7" ]; then
   MYSQL='mariadb'
 fi
 
diff --git a/docs/content/home.md b/docs/content/home.md
index 0db29f09c..a687d7c49 100644
--- a/docs/content/home.md
+++ b/docs/content/home.md
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Server  | Versions | Notes
 Amazon Aurora RDS | 2.x, 3.x | Use `Pipelining=False` [for Aurora 2.x](https://mysqlconnector.net/troubleshooting/aurora-freeze/)
 Azure Database for MySQL | 5.7, 8.0 | Single Server and Flexible Server
 Google Cloud SQL for MySQL | 5.6, 5.7, 8.0 |
-MariaDB | 10.x (**10.6**, **10.11**), 11.x (**11.4**, **11.6**) |
+MariaDB | 10.x (**10.6**, **10.11**), 11.x (**11.4**, **11.7**) |
 MySQL | 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 8.x (**8.0**, **8.4**), 9.x (**9.2**) | 5.5 is EOL and has some [compatibility issues](https://github.com/mysql-net/MySqlConnector/issues/1192); 5.6 and 5.7 are EOL
 Percona Server | 5.6, 5.7, 8.0 |
 PlanetScale | | See PlanetScale [MySQL compatibility notes](https://planetscale.com/docs/reference/mysql-compatibility)

From c27edde83d2a34fb53c88d2b4a571effb74055f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2025 12:34:56 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/16] Retrieve stored procedure out parameters as byte[].

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs          |  2 +-
 tests/IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs | 17 +++++++----------
 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
index 800fafe47..98e07fdd0 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlDataReader.cs
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ private static async Task ReadOutParametersAsync(IMySqlCommand command, ResultSe
 			if (param.HasSetDbType && !row.IsDBNull(columnIndex))
 			{
 				var dbTypeMapping = TypeMapper.Instance.GetDbTypeMapping(param.DbType);
-				if (dbTypeMapping is not null)
+				if (dbTypeMapping is not null && param.DbType is not DbType.Object)
 				{
 					param.Value = dbTypeMapping.DoConversion(row.GetValue(columnIndex));
 					continue;
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs
index 18e5efde0..dc327f863 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/StoredProcedureTests.cs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
 namespace IntegrationTests;
 
 public class StoredProcedureTests : IClassFixture<StoredProcedureFixture>
@@ -761,8 +763,7 @@ public void PassJsonParameter()
 		Assert.False(reader.Read());
 	}
 
-#if false
-	[SkippableTheory(ServerFeatures.Vector)]
+	[SkippableTheory(ServerFeatures.Vector | ServerFeatures.VectorType)]
 	[InlineData(false)]
 	[InlineData(true)]
 	public void VectorOutputParameter(bool prepare)
@@ -781,9 +782,9 @@ CREATE PROCEDURE sp_vector_out (OUT vec VECTOR)
 		cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
 		cmd.Parameters.Add(new MySqlParameter
 		{
-			ParameterName = "@vec",
-			MySqlDbType = MySqlDbType.Vector,
 			Direction = ParameterDirection.Output,
+			MySqlDbType = MySqlDbType.Vector,
+			ParameterName = "@vec",
 		});
 
 		if (prepare)
@@ -791,13 +792,9 @@ CREATE PROCEDURE sp_vector_out (OUT vec VECTOR)
 		cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
 
 		var value = cmd.Parameters[0].Value;
-		Assert.IsType<float[]>(value);
-
-		var result = (float[]) value;
-
-		Assert.Equal(new float[] { 1.2f, 3.4f, 5.6f }, result);
+		var result = Assert.IsType<byte[]>(value);
+		Assert.Equal(new float[] { 1.2f, 3.4f, 5.6f }, MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>(result).ToArray());
 	}
-#endif
 
 	private static Action<MySqlParameter> AssertParameter(string name, ParameterDirection direction, MySqlDbType mySqlDbType)
 	{

From c106b0b6cb0c94cbb84e5c747ebb231cdab0c497 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 May 2025 13:12:36 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 14/16] Use ReadOnlyMemory<float> as the type for VECTOR.

Based on these comments: https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/issues/115148#issuecomment-2844209601.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 .../ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs            |  2 +-
 src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs              |  4 ++--
 tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs                | 14 +++++++++++---
 tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs               |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs
index 637b0f491..a1603f6f0 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ internal sealed class VectorColumnReader : ColumnReader
 	public static VectorColumnReader Instance { get; } = new();
 
 	public override object ReadValue(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, ColumnDefinitionPayload columnDefinition) =>
-		MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>(data).ToArray();
+		new ReadOnlyMemory<float>(MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>(data).ToArray());
 }
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs
index 1058a99e1..e40ab707d 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/Core/TypeMapper.cs
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ private TypeMapper()
 		AddColumnTypeMetadata(new("FLOAT", typeFloat, MySqlDbType.Float));
 
 		 // vector
-		var typeFloatArray = AddDbTypeMapping(new(typeof(float[]), [DbType.Object]));
-		AddColumnTypeMetadata(new("VECTOR", typeFloatArray, MySqlDbType.Vector, binary: true, simpleDataTypeName: "VECTOR", createFormat: "VECTOR({0})"));
+		var typeFloatReadOnlyMemory = AddDbTypeMapping(new(typeof(ReadOnlyMemory<float>), [DbType.Object]));
+		AddColumnTypeMetadata(new("VECTOR", typeFloatReadOnlyMemory, MySqlDbType.Vector, binary: true, simpleDataTypeName: "VECTOR", createFormat: "VECTOR({0})"));
 
 		// string
 		var typeFixedString = AddDbTypeMapping(new(typeof(string), [DbType.StringFixedLength, DbType.AnsiStringFixedLength], convert: Convert.ToString!));
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
index 8a95e8360..080fb1055 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/DataTypes.cs
@@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ private static object CreateGeometry(byte[] data)
 #if MYSQL_DATA
 	[InlineData("value", "datatypes_vector", MySqlDbType.Vector, 12, typeof(byte[]), "N", 0, 31)]
 #else
-	[InlineData("value", "datatypes_vector", MySqlDbType.Vector, 3, typeof(float[]), "N", 0, 31)]
+	[InlineData("value", "datatypes_vector", MySqlDbType.Vector, 3, typeof(ReadOnlyMemory<float>), "N", 0, 31)]
 #endif
 	[InlineData("Single", "datatypes_reals", MySqlDbType.Float, 12, typeof(float), "N", 0, 31)]
 	[InlineData("Double", "datatypes_reals", MySqlDbType.Double, 22, typeof(double), "N", 0, 31)]
@@ -1626,18 +1626,26 @@ public void QueryVector(string column, string[] expected)
 		DoQuery("vector", column, dataTypeName,
 			expected.Select(x =>
 #if !MYSQL_DATA
-				hasVectorType ? (object) GetFloatArray(x) : GetByteArray(x))
+				hasVectorType ? (GetFloatArray(x) is float[] a ? (object) new ReadOnlyMemory<float>(a) : null) : GetByteArray(x))
 #else
 				// Connector/NET returns the float array as a byte[]
 				GetByteArray(x))
 #endif
 			.ToArray(),
 #if !MYSQL_DATA
-			x => hasVectorType ? (float[]) x.GetValue(0) : (byte[]) x.GetValue(0),
+			x => hasVectorType ? (ReadOnlyMemory<float>) x.GetValue(0) : (byte[]) x.GetValue(0),
 #else
 			// NOTE: Connector/NET returns 'null' for NULL so simulate an exception for the tests
 			x => x.IsDBNull(0) ? throw new GetValueWhenNullException() : x.GetValue(0),
 #endif
+			assertEqual: (l, r) =>
+			{
+				if (l is ReadOnlyMemory<float> roml)
+					l = roml.ToArray();
+				if (r is ReadOnlyMemory<float> romr)
+					r = romr.ToArray();
+				Assert.Equal(l, r);
+			},
 			omitWhereTest: true);
 
 		static float[] GetFloatArray(string value) => value?.Split(',').Select(x => float.Parse(x, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray();
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
index 3c0aa6e4a..1d19747c3 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
@@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@ public void QueryVector(bool prepare)
 #if MYSQL_DATA
 		var result = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>((byte[]) value).ToArray();
 #else
-		var result = AppConfig.SupportedFeatures.HasFlag(ServerFeatures.VectorType) ? (float[]) value :
+		var result = AppConfig.SupportedFeatures.HasFlag(ServerFeatures.VectorType) ? (ReadOnlyMemory<float>) value :
 			MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>((byte[]) value).ToArray();
 #endif
 		Assert.Equal(floatArray, result);

From 54ced4fb94274f4179f94e8f429ca749cf3fd873 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 May 2025 14:26:25 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 15/16] Support Memory<float> as a parameter type.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 .../troubleshooting/parameter-types.md        |  1 +
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs          | 14 +++++++++++++-
 tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs          | 19 +++++++++++++++----
 3 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/content/troubleshooting/parameter-types.md b/docs/content/troubleshooting/parameter-types.md
index 8085b2d9c..82cd238d0 100644
--- a/docs/content/troubleshooting/parameter-types.md
+++ b/docs/content/troubleshooting/parameter-types.md
@@ -39,5 +39,6 @@ In some cases, this may be as simple as calling `.ToString()` or `.ToString(Cult
 * .NET primitives: `bool`, `byte`, `char`, `double`, `float`, `int`, `long`, `sbyte`, `short`, `uint`, `ulong`, `ushort`
 * Common types: `BigInteger`, `DateOnly`, `DateTime`, `DateTimeOffset`, `decimal`, `enum`, `Guid`, `string`, `TimeOnly`, `TimeSpan`
 * BLOB types: `ArraySegment<byte>`, `byte[]`, `Memory<byte>`, `ReadOnlyMemory<byte>`
+* Vector types: `float[]`, `Memory<float>`, `ReadOnlyMemory<float>`
 * String types: `Memory<char>`, `ReadOnlyMemory<char>`, `StringBuilder`
 * Custom MySQL types: `MySqlDateTime`, `MySqlDecimal`, `MySqlGeometry`
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
index 85d45c9e4..f0aebdaa9 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ internal void AppendSqlString(ByteBufferWriter writer, StatementPreparerOptions
 		{
 			writer.WriteString(ulongValue);
 		}
-		else if (Value is byte[] or ReadOnlyMemory<byte> or Memory<byte> or ArraySegment<byte> or MySqlGeometry or MemoryStream or float[])
+		else if (Value is byte[] or ReadOnlyMemory<byte> or Memory<byte> or ArraySegment<byte> or MySqlGeometry or MemoryStream or float[] or ReadOnlyMemory<float> or Memory<float>)
 		{
 			var inputSpan = Value switch
 			{
@@ -295,6 +295,8 @@ internal void AppendSqlString(ByteBufferWriter writer, StatementPreparerOptions
 				MySqlGeometry geometry => geometry.ValueSpan,
 				MemoryStream memoryStream => memoryStream.TryGetBuffer(out var streamBuffer) ? streamBuffer.AsSpan() : memoryStream.ToArray().AsSpan(),
 				float[] floatArray => MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatArray.AsSpan()),
+				Memory<float> memory => MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(memory.Span),
+				ReadOnlyMemory<float> memory => MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(memory.Span),
 				_ => ((ReadOnlyMemory<byte>) Value).Span,
 			};
 
@@ -738,6 +740,16 @@ private void AppendBinary(ByteBufferWriter writer, object value, StatementPrepar
 			writer.WriteLengthEncodedInteger(unchecked((ulong) floatArrayValue.Length * 4));
 			writer.Write(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatArrayValue.AsSpan()));
 		}
+		else if (value is Memory<float> floatMemory)
+		{
+			writer.WriteLengthEncodedInteger(unchecked((ulong) floatMemory.Length * 4));
+			writer.Write(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatMemory.Span));
+		}
+		else if (value is ReadOnlyMemory<float> floatReadOnlyMemory)
+		{
+			writer.WriteLengthEncodedInteger(unchecked((ulong) floatReadOnlyMemory.Length * 4));
+			writer.Write(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatReadOnlyMemory.Span));
+		}
 		else if (value is decimal decimalValue)
 		{
 			writer.WriteLengthEncodedAsciiString(decimalValue.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
diff --git a/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs b/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
index 1d19747c3..eae6175da 100644
--- a/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
+++ b/tests/IntegrationTests/QueryTests.cs
@@ -1691,9 +1691,13 @@ public void GetBytesByName()
 #endif
 
 	[SkippableTheory(ServerFeatures.Vector)]
-	[InlineData(false)]
-	[InlineData(true)]
-	public void QueryVector(bool prepare)
+	[InlineData(false, 0)]
+	[InlineData(false, 1)]
+	[InlineData(false, 2)]
+	[InlineData(true, 0)]
+	[InlineData(true, 1)]
+	[InlineData(true, 2)]
+	public void QueryVector(bool prepare, int dataFormat)
 	{
 		using var connection = new MySqlConnection(AppConfig.ConnectionString);
 		connection.Open();
@@ -1715,8 +1719,15 @@ public void QueryVector(bool prepare)
 #if MYSQL_DATA
 		// Connector/NET requires the float vector to be passed as a byte array
 		cmd.Parameters[0].Value = MemoryMarshal.AsBytes<float>(floatArray).ToArray();
+		Assert.InRange(dataFormat, 0, 2);
 #else
-		cmd.Parameters[0].Value = floatArray;
+		cmd.Parameters[0].Value = dataFormat switch
+		{
+			0 => floatArray,
+			1 => new Memory<float>(floatArray),
+			2 => new ReadOnlyMemory<float>(floatArray),
+			_ => throw new NotSupportedException(),
+		};
 #endif
 
 		if (prepare)

From c7bb9b3e34cac4a44a9de7368154e4bf584bda98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 May 2025 09:19:36 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 16/16] Handle big-endian floating-point values.

Signed-off-by: Bradley Grainger <bgrainger@gmail.com>
---
 .../ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs       | 29 +++++++-
 src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs          | 69 ++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 88 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs
index a1603f6f0..23f574e72 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/ColumnReaders/VectorColumnReader.cs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using MySqlConnector.Protocol.Payloads;
 
@@ -7,6 +8,30 @@ internal sealed class VectorColumnReader : ColumnReader
 {
 	public static VectorColumnReader Instance { get; } = new();
 
-	public override object ReadValue(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, ColumnDefinitionPayload columnDefinition) =>
-		new ReadOnlyMemory<float>(MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>(data).ToArray());
+	public override object ReadValue(ReadOnlySpan<byte> data, ColumnDefinitionPayload columnDefinition)
+	{
+		if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
+		{
+			return new ReadOnlyMemory<float>(MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, float>(data).ToArray());
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			var floats = new float[data.Length / 4];
+
+#if !NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+			var bytes = data.ToArray();
+#endif
+			for (var i = 0; i < floats.Length; i++)
+			{
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+				floats[i] = BinaryPrimitives.ReadSingleLittleEndian(data.Slice(i * 4));
+#else
+				Array.Reverse(bytes, i * 4, 4);
+				floats[i] = BitConverter.ToSingle(bytes, i * 4);
+#endif
+			}
+
+			return new ReadOnlyMemory<float>(floats);
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
index f0aebdaa9..3913c48ce 100644
--- a/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
+++ b/src/MySqlConnector/MySqlParameter.cs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
 using System.Buffers.Text;
 using System.Data.Common;
 using System.Diagnostics;
@@ -294,9 +295,9 @@ internal void AppendSqlString(ByteBufferWriter writer, StatementPreparerOptions
 				Memory<byte> memory => memory.Span,
 				MySqlGeometry geometry => geometry.ValueSpan,
 				MemoryStream memoryStream => memoryStream.TryGetBuffer(out var streamBuffer) ? streamBuffer.AsSpan() : memoryStream.ToArray().AsSpan(),
-				float[] floatArray => MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatArray.AsSpan()),
-				Memory<float> memory => MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(memory.Span),
-				ReadOnlyMemory<float> memory => MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(memory.Span),
+				float[] floatArray => ConvertFloatsToBytes(floatArray.AsSpan()),
+				Memory<float> memory => ConvertFloatsToBytes(memory.Span),
+				ReadOnlyMemory<float> memory => ConvertFloatsToBytes(memory.Span),
 				_ => ((ReadOnlyMemory<byte>) Value).Span,
 			};
 
@@ -729,26 +730,52 @@ private void AppendBinary(ByteBufferWriter writer, object value, StatementPrepar
 		}
 		else if (value is float floatValue)
 		{
-			writer.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(floatValue));
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+			Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[4];
+			BinaryPrimitives.WriteSingleLittleEndian(bytes, floatValue);
+			writer.Write(bytes);
+#else
+			// convert float to bytes with correct endianness (MySQL uses little-endian)
+			var bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(floatValue);
+			if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
+				Array.Reverse(bytes);
+			writer.Write(bytes);
+#endif
 		}
 		else if (value is double doubleValue)
 		{
-			writer.Write(unchecked((ulong) BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(doubleValue)));
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+			Span<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[8];
+			BinaryPrimitives.WriteDoubleLittleEndian(bytes, doubleValue);
+			writer.Write(bytes);
+#else
+			if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
+			{
+				writer.Write(unchecked((ulong) BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(doubleValue)));
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				// convert double to bytes with correct endianness (MySQL uses little-endian)
+				var bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(doubleValue);
+				Array.Reverse(bytes);
+				writer.Write(bytes);
+			}
+#endif
 		}
 		else if (value is float[] floatArrayValue)
 		{
 			writer.WriteLengthEncodedInteger(unchecked((ulong) floatArrayValue.Length * 4));
-			writer.Write(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatArrayValue.AsSpan()));
+			writer.Write(ConvertFloatsToBytes(floatArrayValue.AsSpan()));
 		}
 		else if (value is Memory<float> floatMemory)
 		{
 			writer.WriteLengthEncodedInteger(unchecked((ulong) floatMemory.Length * 4));
-			writer.Write(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatMemory.Span));
+			writer.Write(ConvertFloatsToBytes(floatMemory.Span));
 		}
 		else if (value is ReadOnlyMemory<float> floatReadOnlyMemory)
 		{
 			writer.WriteLengthEncodedInteger(unchecked((ulong) floatReadOnlyMemory.Length * 4));
-			writer.Write(MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floatReadOnlyMemory.Span));
+			writer.Write(ConvertFloatsToBytes(floatReadOnlyMemory.Span));
 		}
 		else if (value is decimal decimalValue)
 		{
@@ -967,6 +994,32 @@ private static void WriteTime(ByteBufferWriter writer, TimeSpan timeSpan)
 		}
 	}
 
+	private static ReadOnlySpan<byte> ConvertFloatsToBytes(ReadOnlySpan<float> floats)
+	{
+		if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
+		{
+			return MemoryMarshal.AsBytes(floats);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			// for big-endian platforms, we need to convert each float individually
+			var bytes = new byte[floats.Length * 4];
+
+			for (var i = 0; i < floats.Length; i++)
+			{
+#if NET5_0_OR_GREATER
+				BinaryPrimitives.WriteSingleLittleEndian(bytes.AsSpan(i * 4), floats[i]);
+#else
+				var floatBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(floats[i]);
+				Array.Reverse(floatBytes);
+				floatBytes.CopyTo(bytes, i * 4);
+#endif
+			}
+
+			return bytes;
+		}
+	}
+
 	private static ReadOnlySpan<byte> BinaryBytes => "_binary'"u8;
 
 	private DbType m_dbType;