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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: modules/ROOT/pages/clustering/multi-region-deployment/geo-redundant-deployment.adoc
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[role=enterprise-edition]
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= Design a resilient multi-data center cluster
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= Designing a resilient multi-data center cluster
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[[multi-region-deployment-overview]]
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== Overview
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image::secondaries-for-read-resilience.svg[width="400", title="Cluster design with database secondaries for better read performance", role=popup]
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For better read performance, you can locate all database primaries in one data center (DC) and database secondaries in another DC.
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This also provides fast writes, because they will be performed within the DC.
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For better read performance, you can locate all database primaries in one data center (DC) and the secondaries in another DC.
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This setup also provides fast writes, because they will be performed within the single DC.
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However, if the DC with primaries goes down, your cluster loses write availability.
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Though read availability may remain via the secondaries.
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You can restore the cluster write availability without the failed DC:
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* If you have enough secondary members of the database in another data center, you can switch their mode to primary and not have to store a copy or wait a long time for primary copies to restore.
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* If you have enough secondary members of the database in another DC, you can switch their mode to primary and not have to store a copy or wait a long time for primary copies to restore.
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* You can use secondaries to re-seed databases if needed.
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See xref:database-administration/standard-databases/recreate-database.adoc[the `dbms.recreateDatabase()` procedure] for more details.
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image::geo-distributed-primaries.svg[width="400", title="Cluster design with database primaries distributed across three data centers", role=popup]
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You can place each primary copy in a different data center (DC) using a minimum of three data centers.
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You can place each primary copy in a different data center (DC), using at least three data centers.
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Therefore, if one DC fails, only one primary member is lost and the cluster can continue without data loss.
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Therefore, if one DC fails, only a single primary member is lost, and the cluster can continue operating without data loss.
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However, you always pay cross-data center latency times for every write operation.
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image::geo-distribution-system-db.svg[width="400", title="Primaries for the `system` database distributed across three data centers", role=popup]
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You can place all primaries for user databases in one data center (DC), with secondaries in another.
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You can place all primaries for user databases in one data center (DC) and all secondaries in another.
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In a third DC, deploy a server that only hosts a primary member of the `system` database (in addition to those in the first two data centers).
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* This server can be a small machine, since the `system` database has minimal resource requirements.
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* To prevent user databases from being allocated to it, set the `allowedDatabases` constraint to some name that will never be used.
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Your writes will be fast, because they are within the DC.
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Your writes will be fast, because they occur within the single DC.
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If a DC goes down, you retain write availability for the `system` database, which makes restoring write availability to the user databases easier.
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However, if the DC with primaries goes down, the user databases will become write-unavailable.
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Though read availability may remain via the secondaries.
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Though read availability may still be maintained via the secondaries.
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