Strategies for extracting information from papers

[jdkent]

Treating it like a graph

• entities -> relationships -> slot filling (attributes)
• sub graph (fill out more concrete entities/relationships before moving to more "interpreted" ones)
• 2 directions: extract tables/analyses and seperately extract demographics and other entities, then adjudicate the connection.
• think of it less like graph filling, and more like tagging?
• use gold standard examples that are semantically/otherwise related to the article being extracted.

2 benchmarks:
https://arxiv.org/html/2602.14743v1
https://arxiv.org/html/2602.12247v1

more reading:

• https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.18335: OMNIStruct benchmark, includes a variety of NLP/LLM tasks: Named Entity Extraction, Relationship Extraction, Text-to-table, function calling. They create a continuum of extractive versus abstractive tasks (concrete versus abstract), where abstract tasks require reasoning, and JSON is just the structural format to return the information that was inferred or reasoned about in the text.
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.07969: KnowCoder framework, they structured the prompts using python instead of natural text, F1 scores improved, but did not compare with json-schema, so it may be the case that any structured representation in the prompt will help with extraction. Breaks the decomposition of Information Extraction into Entities, Relationships, and Events. 2 stages of training, schema understanding and schema following (this is not related to inference, only pertinant to training if I was to train a model to understand/follow a schema).
• https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09082: > Closed IE and Open IE. Closed IE requires extracted information to strictly conform to a predefined schema, encompassing several core subtasks: Named Entity Recognition (NER) identifies and classifies entities into predefined categories; Relation Classification (RC) determines predefined relationship types between mentioned entities; Relation Extraction (RE) jointly extracts entities and their relations; Event Detection (ED) identifies event triggers and classifies them into predefined types; Event Argument Extraction (EAE) extracts role-specific arguments for events; Event Extraction (EE) performs end-to-end event and argument identification; and Event Relation Extraction (ERE) extracts predefined relationships between events (e.g., temporal, causal). Conversely, Open IE extracts open-domain n-ary relation tuples (e.g., (subject; relation; object)) without schema constraints, offering greater flexibility at the cost of structural consistency. To unify these diverse paradigms, Universal Information Extraction (UIE) has emerged, utilizing shared representations and unified architectures to handle multiple IE tasks.
• https://medium.com/%40kimdoil1211/structured-output-with-guided-json-a-practical-guide-for-llm-developers-6577b2eee98a
• https://genai.stackexchange.com/questions/202/how-to-generate-structured-data-like-json-with-llm-models
• https://reducto.ai/blog/document-ai-extraction-schema-tips

[jdkent]

speaking with alejandro:

What we want to extract from analyses (after coordinate parsing):

• get relevant tasks that were simultaneously recorded with the parsed analysis
• get relevant populations that were used for the calculation of the parsed analysis
• get relevant modalities that were used in the analysis
• get relevant interventions that were used in the analysis

[jdkent]

propose analysis extraction schema

Coordinate-Reporting Analysis Extraction Schema

Standalone schema for extracting coordinate-reporting neuroimaging results from paper text, prompt-appended analyses.jsonl rows, and optional source-table context. One entry corresponds to one coordinate-generating reported effect or statistical map. In this JSON schema, use null where the human-readable rubric would otherwise use N/A or an applicable-but-not-reported placeholder.

Schema ID: https://markup-sentences.dev/schemas/analysis-coordinate-schema-1.0.0.json

Root Object

Field	Type	Required	Description
schema_version	string	Yes	Schema version identifier.
source_id	string or null	No	Optional study/document identifier supplied in the prompt, such as the study folder id.
entries	array of (object (usedEntry) or object (skippedEntry))	Yes	One extracted entry per coordinate-generating effect, or one skipped entry for a non-inferential coordinate listing.

Definition: jsonlRefUsed

Field	Type	Required	Description
lines	array of integer	Yes	1-based line numbers from the analyses.jsonl content provided in the prompt input.
mapping	string	Yes	Relationship between this extracted entry and the provided analyses.jsonl row(s).

Definition: jsonlRefSkipped

Field	Type	Required	Description
lines	array of integer	Yes	1-based line numbers from the analyses.jsonl content provided in the prompt input.
mapping	string	Yes	This analyses.jsonl row is being skipped because it is not a usable inferential coordinate-reporting entry.

Definition: stringOrNull

Nullable string field.

Type: string or null

Definition: stringArrayOrNull

Type: array of string or null

Definition: sampleSizes

Type: object or null

Definition: coordinate

Field	Type	Required	Description
x	number	Yes
y	number	Yes
z	number	Yes
label	string or null	No	Optional short label if needed to disambiguate a coordinate or explain why the coordinate is included.

Definition: inferenceScheme

Field	Type	Required	Description
primary_threshold	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Primary or test-forming threshold. Use null if there is no meaningful primary threshold.
correction_method	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Actual significance logic should be recorded here, especially for threshold-free or non-cluster inference.
extent_rule	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Cluster or extent rule, or null if not used / not applicable.

Definition: usedEntry

Field	Type	Required	Description
status	string	Yes	This entry is an inferential coordinate-reporting result.
jsonl_ref	object (jsonlRefUsed)	Yes	Structured reference to the analyses.jsonl row(s) that support this extracted used entry.
label	string	Yes	Human-readable name for the real analysis or reported effect. This does not need to match the parser's original row name.
seed_region	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Seed, anchor, or named component that defines the analysis focus. This may be an anatomical seed, atlas seed, network anchor, or ICA component name. Use null if the analysis is not anchored to a seed, ROI, or named component.
search_space	string	Yes	Controlled class describing where inference was allowed to occur. This should reflect the governing inferential domain, using the narrowest applicable search space.
search_space_detail	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Specific identity of the search space when the controlled class is too coarse by itself (for example, 'right BA4 iM1', 'ICA component: default mode network', or 'inclusive mask from one-sample hippocampal FC map').
software	array of string or null	Yes	Software used to model the coordinate-generating analysis. Do not include preprocessing-only software unless it is also part of the modeling step.
model_type	string	Yes	Broad statistical family for the coordinate-generating result. Use the allowed values defined by the rubric's precedence rule.
model_summary	string	Yes	Concise description of the coordinate-generating result. It should identify the map type, search space, group structure, what was tested, and repeated-measures / within-subject / longitudinal structure if present.
sample_sizes	object or null	Yes	Subject counts for the actual coordinate-generating model. Use null if the paper does not report enough information for a reliable count.
covariates	array of string or null	Yes	Adjustment or nuisance terms included in the inferential model. List only covariates used in the reported model itself, not the main categorical contrast or continuous effect.
conditions	array of string	Yes	The groups, task states, or intervention stages entering the model. This lists the design cells or model inputs, not the tested direction of effect.
contrast	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	The focal categorical comparison or direction of effect (for example, group comparison, task contrast, or condition contrast). Use this for tested categorical effects only, not for listing model inputs. Set null if not used, unresolved, or omnibus. (e.g., 'A > B')
regression	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	The focal continuous predictor or association being tested (for example, age, symptom score, or behavior correlation), ideally including direction when known. Use this for tested continuous effects only, not for nuisance covariates. Set null if not used, unresolved, or omnibus.
inference_scheme	object (inferenceScheme)	Yes	Structured summary of the inferential logic used to declare the reported coordinates significant.
stereotaxic_space	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Reporting space for the coordinates (for example, MNI or Talairach), not just the normalization target.
smoothing	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Reported smoothing kernel or method, usually in mm FWHM.
coordinates	array of object (coordinate) or null	Yes	Use null for exact clean matches. Use an explicit list only when split/merged/complex.
coordinate_representation	string	Yes	How the inferential coordinates are represented in the paper (for example cluster peaks, subpeaks, node centers, or component peaks).
notes	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Free-text notes for parser errors, unresolved ambiguity, split/merge rationale, threshold mismatches, or other important caveats.

Definition: skippedEntry

Field	Type	Required	Description
status	string	Yes	This entry is not a usable inferential coordinate-reporting result.
jsonl_ref	object (jsonlRefSkipped)	Yes	Structured reference to the analyses.jsonl row(s) being skipped.
label	string	Yes	Short description of what the skipped coordinates represent.
coordinate_representation	string	Yes	Type of non-inferential coordinate-like content represented by this skipped entry.
stereotaxic_space	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Reported coordinate space if obvious from the supplied input; otherwise null.
skip_reason	string	Yes	Explanation of why the supplied row should not be treated as an inferential coordinate-reporting analysis.
notes	string or null (stringOrNull)	Yes	Optional clarifying context for the skipped entry.

Definition: entry

Type: object (usedEntry) or object (skippedEntry)

[jdkent]

example output:

{
  "schema_version": "1.0.0",
  "source_id": "38yY2FDWVJFd",
  "entries": [
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          1
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "DCD < controls",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "whole-brain seed-based FC maps using left M1 seed",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Subject-level seed-based FC maps: average time series from left M1 regressed voxelwise with nuisance regressors (white matter, CSF, 6 motion parameters). Group-level mixed-effects GLM comparing DCD vs controls with age as a co-factor; tested decreases in FC with left M1.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "DCD",
        "controls"
      ],
      "contrast": "DCD < controls",
      "regression": null,
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 2.3",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>2.3, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 75 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Coordinates in Table 2; group-difference inference used cluster-forming Z>2.3 and cluster size >=75 voxels per Methods."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          2
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "ADHD < controls",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "whole-brain seed-based FC maps using left M1 seed",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Subject-level seed-based FC maps: average time series from left M1 regressed voxelwise with nuisance regressors (white matter, CSF, 6 motion parameters). Group-level mixed-effects GLM comparing ADHD vs controls with age as a co-factor; tested decreases in FC with left M1.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "ADHD",
        "controls"
      ],
      "contrast": "ADHD < controls",
      "regression": null,
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 2.3",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>2.3, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 75 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Coordinates in Table 2; group-difference inference used cluster-forming Z>2.3 and cluster size >=75 voxels per Methods."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          3
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "DCD + ADHD < controls",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "whole-brain seed-based FC maps using left M1 seed",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Subject-level seed-based FC maps: average time series from left M1 regressed voxelwise with nuisance regressors (white matter, CSF, 6 motion parameters). Group-level mixed-effects GLM comparing DCD+ADHD vs controls with age as a co-factor; tested decreases in FC with left M1.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "DCD+ADHD",
        "controls"
      ],
      "contrast": "DCD + ADHD < controls",
      "regression": null,
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 2.3",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>2.3, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 75 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Coordinates in Table 2; group-difference inference used cluster-forming Z>2.3 and cluster size >=75 voxels per Methods."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          4
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "DCD + ADHD > controls",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "whole-brain seed-based FC maps using left M1 seed",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Subject-level seed-based FC maps: average time series from left M1 regressed voxelwise with nuisance regressors (white matter, CSF, 6 motion parameters). Group-level mixed-effects GLM comparing DCD+ADHD vs controls with age as a co-factor; tested increases in FC with left M1.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "DCD+ADHD",
        "controls"
      ],
      "contrast": "DCD + ADHD > controls",
      "regression": null,
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 2.3",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>2.3, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 75 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Coordinates in Table 2; group-difference inference used cluster-forming Z>2.3 and cluster size >=75 voxels per Methods."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          5
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "DCD > ADHD",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "whole-brain seed-based FC maps using left M1 seed",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Group-level mixed-effects GLM directly comparing DCD vs ADHD on left M1 seed-based FC maps with age as a co-factor; tested increases in FC in DCD relative to ADHD.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "DCD",
        "ADHD"
      ],
      "contrast": "DCD > ADHD",
      "regression": null,
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 2.3",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>2.3, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 75 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Coordinates reported in Table 3; group-difference inference thresholding per Methods."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          6
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "ADHD > DCD",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "whole-brain seed-based FC maps using left M1 seed",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Group-level mixed-effects GLM directly comparing ADHD vs DCD on left M1 seed-based FC maps with age as a co-factor; tested increases in FC in ADHD relative to DCD.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "ADHD",
        "DCD"
      ],
      "contrast": "ADHD > DCD",
      "regression": null,
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 2.3",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>2.3, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 75 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Coordinates reported in Table 3; group-difference inference thresholding per Methods."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          7
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "ADHD > DCD + ADHD",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "whole-brain seed-based FC maps using left M1 seed",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Group-level mixed-effects GLM directly comparing ADHD vs DCD+ADHD on left M1 seed-based FC maps with age as a co-factor; tested increases in FC in ADHD relative to DCD+ADHD.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "ADHD",
        "DCD+ADHD"
      ],
      "contrast": "ADHD > DCD + ADHD",
      "regression": null,
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 2.3",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>2.3, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 75 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Single coordinate reported in Table 3 for this contrast; group-difference inference thresholding per Methods."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          8
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "DCD + ADHD > ADHD",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "whole-brain seed-based FC maps using left M1 seed",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Group-level mixed-effects GLM directly comparing DCD+ADHD vs ADHD on left M1 seed-based FC maps with age as a co-factor; tested increases in FC in DCD+ADHD relative to ADHD.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "DCD+ADHD",
        "ADHD"
      ],
      "contrast": "DCD + ADHD > ADHD",
      "regression": null,
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 2.3",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>2.3, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 75 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Coordinates reported in Table 3; group-difference inference thresholding per Methods."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          9
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "DCD + ADHD > DCD",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "whole-brain seed-based FC maps using left M1 seed",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Group-level mixed-effects GLM directly comparing DCD+ADHD vs DCD on left M1 seed-based FC maps with age as a co-factor; tested increases in FC in DCD+ADHD relative to DCD.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "DCD+ADHD",
        "DCD"
      ],
      "contrast": "DCD + ADHD > DCD",
      "regression": null,
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 2.3",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>2.3, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 75 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Coordinates reported in Table 3; group-difference inference thresholding per Methods."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          10
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "Increase with age (controls)",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "within-group voxelwise association between age and left M1 FC (controls)",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Within-group voxelwise regression of left M1 seed-based FC on age in the control group; subject-level FC maps as input; tested positive associations with age.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "controls"
      ],
      "contrast": null,
      "regression": "positive correlation with age (controls)",
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 3.1",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>3.1, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 25 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "Methods state average within-group Z-stat images used cluster-forming Z>3.1 and cluster size >=25 voxels; age-association thresholds not explicitly restated for these regressions but Table 4 uses this thresholding convention. Reported here accordingly."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          11
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "Decrease with age (controls)",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "within-group voxelwise association between age and left M1 FC (controls)",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
      "model_summary": "Within-group voxelwise regression of left M1 seed-based FC on age in the control group; tested negative associations with age.",
      "sample_sizes": {
        "controls": 23,
        "ADHD": 21,
        "DCD": 7,
        "DCD+ADHD": 18
      },
      "covariates": [
        "age"
      ],
      "conditions": [
        "controls"
      ],
      "contrast": null,
      "regression": "negative correlation with age (controls)",
      "inference_scheme": {
        "primary_threshold": "Z > 3.1",
        "correction_method": "cluster correction (cluster-forming Z>3.1, cluster-corrected p=0.05)",
        "extent_rule": "cluster size >= 25 voxels"
      },
      "stereotaxic_space": "MNI",
      "smoothing": "6 mm FWHM",
      "coordinates": null,
      "coordinate_representation": "cluster peaks",
      "notes": "As above for within-group age effects: threshold/extent taken from Methods for average Z-stat images (Z>3.1, cluster>=25 voxels); paper does not explicitly restate threshold for each within-group regression so this assumption is noted."
    },
    {
      "status": "used",
      "jsonl_ref": {
        "lines": [
          12
        ],
        "mapping": "exact"
      },
      "label": "Increase with age (DCD)",
      "seed_region": "left primary motor cortex (M1) seed",
      "search_space": "full brain",
      "search_space_detail": "within-group voxelwise association between age and left M1 FC (DCD)",
      "software": [
        "FSL"
      ],
      "model_type": "Linear Model",
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example prompt:

Study Input
- source_id: 38yY2FDWVJFd
- source: pubget

Metadata
Title: Functional connectivity of neural motor networks is disrupted in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abstract: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prevalent childhood disorders that frequently co-occur. Evidence from neuroimaging research suggests that children with these disorders exhibit disruptions in motor circuitry, which could account for the high rate of co-occurrence. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the functional connections of the motor network in children with DCD and/or ADHD compared to typically developing controls, with the aim of identifying common neurophysiological substrates. Resting-state fMRI was performed on seven children with DCD, 21 with ADHD, 18 with DCD + ADHD and 23 controls. Resting-state connectivity of the primary motor cortex was compared between each group and controls, using age as a co-factor. Relative to controls, children with DCD and/or ADHD exhibited similar reductions in functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex and the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, right supramarginal gyrus, angular gyri, insular cortices, amygdala, putamen, and pallidum. In addition, children with DCD and/or ADHD exhibited different age-related patterns of connectivity, compared to controls. These findings suggest that children with DCD and/or ADHD exhibit disruptions in motor circuitry, which may contribute to problems with motor functioning and attention. Our results support the existence of common neurophysiological substrates underlying both motor and attention problems.

Full Text
Functional connectivity of neural motor networks is disrupted in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Functional connectivity
Resting state fMRI, Motor networks
Developmental coordination disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
DCD, developmental coordination disorder
DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition)
DTI, diffusion tensor imaging
FC, functional connectivity
GLM general, linear model
fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
ICA, independent component analysis
M1, primary motor cortex
PFC, prefrontal cortex
rs-fMRI, resting-state fMRI

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prevalent childhood disorders that frequently co-occur. Evidence from neuroimaging research suggests that children with these disorders exhibit disruptions in motor circuitry, which could account for the high rate of co-occurrence. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the functional connections of the motor network in children with DCD and/or ADHD compared to typically developing controls, with the aim of identifying common neurophysiological substrates. Resting-state fMRI was performed on seven children with DCD, 21 with ADHD, 18 with DCD + ADHD and 23 controls. Resting-state connectivity of the primary motor cortex was compared between each group and controls, using age as a co-factor. Relative to controls, children with DCD and/or ADHD exhibited similar reductions in functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex and the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, right supramarginal gyrus, angular gyri, insular cortices, amygdala, putamen, and pallidum. In addition, children with DCD and/or ADHD exhibited different age-related patterns of connectivity, compared to controls. These findings suggest that children with DCD and/or ADHD exhibit disruptions in motor circuitry, which may contribute to problems with motor functioning and attention. Our results support the existence of common neurophysiological substrates underlying both motor and attention problems. 
   Highlights  
  
Functional connectivity of motor networks was examined in DCD and ADHD. 
  
Disruptions in functional connectivity  were found in children with DCD and/or ADHD 
  
Co-occurring DCD and ADHD was associated with unique alterations in functional connectivity 
  
Common neurophysiological substrates may underlie motor and attention problems

## Introduction 
  
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) occurs in approximately 5–6% of children and is associated with impairments in fine and gross motor functions ( ). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which affects approximately 5% of children, is characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity ( ). DCD and ADHD have been found to co-occur in up to 50% of affected children ( ;  ) and have both been associated with neuropsychological deficits, academic difficulties and behavior problems that can lead to long-term issues in social and mental health ( ;  ). Early identification and intervention are therefore critical to improve outcomes. 

Imaging studies suggest that disruptions in brain motor circuitry are associated with both ADHD and DCD. In children with ADHD, meta-analyses have consistently reported reduced volumes in the right hemisphere ( ), including the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) ( ), frontal white matter ( ), right putamen/pallidus ( ;  ;  ) and caudate ( ;  ). Consistent with these findings, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of children with ADHD have reported reduced white matter integrity in the corticospinal tract ( ) and in regions between the basal ganglia and PFC ( ;  ). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have also implicated motor regions in children with ADHD ( ;  ;  ;  ;  ). Limited imaging research has been conducted on children with DCD; however, recent DTI studies have reported reduced white matter integrity within the corticospinal tract ( ) and superior/posterior parietal regions of the corpus callosum and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus ( ). Functional MRI studies have implicated motor regions immediately overlying the corticospinal tract ( ;  ;  ,  ) and one fMRI study investigating functional connectivity (FC) (i.e., temporal synchrony between brain regions, which is an indicator of functional connection strength) during a Go/No Go task reported that children with DCD exhibit increased connectivity between the left middle frontal and inferior parietal cortices and reduced connectivity between the right striatum and parietal cortex ( ). These findings suggest that the functional connections between the striatum and the parietal cortex, areas that integrate sensory information in motor responses, are altered in children with DCD. 

Functional connectivity can also been examined when participants are not performing an explicit task during imaging, referred to as resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Studies using rs-fMRI in children with ADHD have observed FC differences within frontostriatal circuits, attention circuits, and the default mode network ( ;  ;  ;  ). Findings of increased FC between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the bilateral thalamus, cerebellum, insula and brainstem ( ), as well as increased FC between the cerebellum and the right inferior frontal and left somatosensory cortices ( ) support the involvement of motor pathways in ADHD. No studies, however, have specifically examined FC within the motor network. Furthermore, no rs-fMRI studies have investigated FC in the motor network of children with DCD or co-occurring DCD and ADHD. 

In the present study, we used rs-fMRI to investigate brain regions that are functionally connected with the primary motor cortex (M1) in children with DCD and/or ADHD. The M1 was selected because motor circuitry converges upon M1 for movement execution and it is consistently identifiable on MR images because of its location and shape ( ;  ). We hypothesized that children with DCD and/or ADHD would exhibit altered FC between M1 and brain regions involved in motor functioning and sensorimotor processing compared to typically developing children. Regions exhibiting common FC alterations among children with DCD, ADHD or co-occurring DCD and ADHD compared to typically developing children would provide support for a common neurophysiological basis for these disorders. 


## Methods 
  
### Participants, recruitment details and assessments 
  
Participants 8–17 years of age were recruited through advertisements posted in the local community, schools, and physicians' offices in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and Alberta-based newsletters and websites devoted to learning disabilities, ADHD and developmental coordination disorder. These advertisements invited parents of children with motor or attention problems and parents of children who did not have motor or attention problems to contact the investigators regarding the study. Parents who responded were screened by telephone. Exclusion criteria included diagnosed metabolic or genetic condition, epilepsy or other seizure disorder, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, psychiatric disorder other than ADHD, prematurity (born at <36 weeks of gestation), and very low birth weight (<1500 g). Individuals with a previous diagnosis of DCD and/or ADHD and individuals who had not been diagnosed previously, but who met the above inclusion criteria were invited to participate in a detailed neuropsychological assessment. Based on their performance on standardized neuropsychological measures participants were classified as DCD, ADHD, DCD + ADHD or controls ( ). Those who scored less than the 16th percentile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition ( ) and were reported by parents as exhibiting motor difficulties that interfered significantly with daily functioning on the Developmental Coordination Questionnaire ( ) were classified as DCD. Children were classified as ADHD if they met the diagnostic criteria on the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-IV ( ), or had a   T   score above the 95th percentile on the Conners' Parent Rating Scale — Revised ( ) and were diagnosed by a physician as having ADHD based on DSM-IV criteria ( ). Children meeting our research criteria for both DCD and ADHD were classified as DCD + ADHD. Children not meeting our research criteria for DCD, ADHD or DCD + ADHD were assigned to the typically developing control group.   
Participant characteristics. 
    

Children who were on stimulant treatment for ADHD were asked to refrain from taking their medication on the day of assessment. No children in the control and DCD groups were on stimulant medication, 11 of 21 the children in the ADHD group were on stimulant medication, and 9 of 18 children in the DCD + ADHD group were on stimulant medication. A significant difference was found between the control and ADHD groups for sex [  χ   (1,   N   = 44) = 9.69,   p   < 0.002]. This is consistent with research, which has reported higher prevalence of ADHD in males ( ). No group differences were found for age, handedness or IQ ( ). This research was conducted in accordance with the code of ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving human subjects and was approved by the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board of the University of Calgary. Written consent was obtained from parents/guardians, and verbal assent was obtained from the participants. 


### Image acquisition and analysis 
  
Images were collected using a 3 Tesla GE MR scanner (Signa VH/i, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) with an eight-channel phased-array radiofrequency head coil. Resting-state fMRI consisted of 5 min of a T *-weighted gradient-recalled echo, echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence (TR/TE = 2000/30 ms, flip angle = 70°, matrix size 64 × 64, FOV = 220 mm × 220 mm, 4-mm slice thickness, 26 slices). Participants were instructed to look at a fixation cross at the center of a screen. T -weighted images were obtained for anatomical registration of the fMRI data (multi-slice fast spoiled gradient echo; TR/TE = 200/2.5 ms, flip angle = 18°, matrix size = 128 × 128, FOV = 220 × 220 mm, 4-mm slice thickness, 40 slices). 

Resting-state fMRI data were pre-processed prior to statistical analysis with the FMRIB Software Library (FSL,    http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl   ). This included scalp and skull removal using the Brain Extraction Tool (BET) ( ), motion correction using MCFLIRT ( ), interleaved slice timing correction, temporal high pass filtering (>0.01 Hz), spatial smoothing using a Gaussian kernel of 6 mm, and registration to the MNI standard template. T -weighted images were segmented into grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid using FMRIB's Automated Segmentation Tool (FAST) ( ). MCFLIRT analysis revealed no group difference in head motion, M1 center of gravity, or degree of correlation among voxels within the mask. The center of gravity of the M1 mask and the degree of correlation among the voxels of the mask did not differ between groups. Thus, the M1 mask represented an equivalent region across all groups. 

For each participant, a mask of left M1 was manually drawn on the anatomical image using the FSLView drawing tool, with the omega-shaped anatomical landmark of M1 as a guide ( ). The mask was registered to the native resting-state data space using FLIRT, and then reduced to a final volume of 100 contiguous voxels using the process of intervoxel cross-correlation, which identifies the region with the greatest homogeneity in terms of temporal synchrony ( ). The center of gravity and the degree of cross-correlation within the mask were each tested between subject groups using Student's t-tests, to determine if there was a group bias in this method of mask generation. 

The average time series of all the voxels in the left M1 mask was generated from the preprocessed resting-state data, to act as the regressor of interest in a time-series analysis using the general linear model (GLM). This analysis generated a whole-brain voxel-by-voxel estimate of FC with M1. The average time series from the segmented white matter masks, CSF masks and six head motion parameters were used as nuisance regressors. Groups were compared using a mixed effects GLM model. FC maps were created for each participant group and for the differences between each group, using age as a co-factor. Average   Z  -statistic images for each group were generated for clusters of 25 or more voxels and a   Z  -score greater than 3.1, corresponding to a corrected cluster significance of   p   = 0.05 ( ;  ). For differences between participant groups,   Z  -statistic images were generated for clusters of 75 or more voxels and a   Z-  score greater than 2.3 (  p   = 0.05). Brain regions within these   Z  -statistic images were anatomically identified by Brodmann's Area and the Harvard-Oxford Cortical and Subcortical Structural atlas ( ;  ). 



## Results 
  
### Resting-state fMRI 
  
Each group exhibited resting-state connectivity of motor circuitry consistent with that reported by  . Data analysis revealed that no differences in FC were associated with sex (i.e., males and females demonstrated no significant differences in FC patterns) or handedness; therefore, these variables were not included as co-factors in the group analysis, in order to maintain sufficient degrees of freedom. Brain regions exhibiting significant FC with the left M1 included the contralateral motor cortex, bilateral premotor cortices, somatosensory cortices and striatum.   shows brain regions that differed significantly between the control group and all diagnostic groups. Compared to the control group, the DCD group demonstrated decreased FC with M1 in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri, right frontal operculum cortex, right supramarginal gyrus, bilateral insular cortices and superior temporal gyri ( ). Subcortical structures exhibiting decreased FC included the bilateral caudate and the right nucleus accumbens, pallidum and putamen. No regions exhibited increased FC with M1. In the ADHD group, decreased FC with M1 was observed in the bilateral frontal eye fields, bilateral inferior frontal gyri, left middle frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate cortex and frontopolar cortex. More posteriorly, decreased FC was observed in the bilateral supramarginal gyri, right auditory cortex and bilateral insular cortices. Subcortical structures that exhibited reduced connectivity with M1 in children with ADHD included the left amygdala, bilateral putamen, globus pallidus and brainstem. No regions exhibited greater FC with M1. Relative to controls, the DCD + ADHD group exhibited lower FC in the right motor cortex, left supramarginal gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyri, left putamen, left pallidum and left amygdala. Regions exhibiting greater FC with M1 included the left frontopolar cortex and lingual gyrus.   
Regions exhibiting greater (red) and lower (blue) functional connectivity with left M1 in controls compared to children in the ADHD (top), DCD (middle), and DCD + ADHD (bottom) groups. Colors indicate statistical significance, expressed as   Z  -scores. 
    
Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD. 
    

Direct comparison of the clinical groups revealed greater FC with M1 in the left postcentral gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus in children with DCD compared to ADHD ( ). The ADHD group exhibited greater FC compared to the DCD group in the right caudate, middle frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and bilateral inferior frontal gyri. Compared to the DCD + ADHD group, children with ADHD exhibited greater FC between M1 and the left postcentral gyrus. Children with DCD + ADHD evidenced greater FC between M1 and the bilateral precuneus cortices and anterior cingulate gyri, the left premotor cortex and postcentral gyrus, and the right parietal operculum cortex and angular gyrus, compared to children with ADHD. Compared to the DCD group, children with DCD + ADHD exhibited greater FC between M1 and the bilateral caudate nuclei and anterior superior temporal gyri, the left premotor cortex, postcentral gyri and frontopolar cortex, and the right inferior frontal gyrus and parietal operculum cortex.   
Regional difference in functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex between the DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD groups. 
    


### Connectivity association with age 
  
Within group effects were investigated for age. Between group differences were not examined due to the limited sample size. In controls, increasing age was associated with greater FC between M1 and the bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri as well as the right superior frontal gyrus ( ,  ). Lower FC was observed in the bilateral occipital poles, left lingual gyrus, and right anterior cingulate cortex. In the DCD group, older age was associated with greater FC between M1 and the left frontal pole, left precuneus cortex and right paracingulate gyrus, and lower FC between M1 and the left occipital lobe, right motor cortex, left supplementary motor area and thalamus. In the ADHD group, age was positively associated with greater FC between M1 and a number of brain regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, paracingulate gyrus, right superior and middle temporal gyri, right insular cortex, lateral occipital cortices and precuneus. Older age was associated with lower FC between M1 and the angular gyri, left precentral and middle frontal gyri, right anterior cingulate cortex, and left superior lateral occipital cortex. In the DCD + ADHD group, increasing age was not associated with greater FC in any brain regions. Increasing age, however, was associated with lower FC between M1 and the right angular gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, and right superior and middle temporal gyri.   
Regions exhibiting a significant association between age and functional connectivity with the left M1. Colors indicate statistical significance, expressed as   Z  -scores; red indicates a positive association with age; blue indicates a negative association with age. 
    
Regions exhibiting a dependence of functional connectivity on age. 
    



## Discussion 
  
This study is the first to report that children with motor and/or attention problems exhibit altered FC with M1 within the motor network as well as with brain regions involved in cognitive control of movement and sensorimotor processing. 

### Resting-state motor connectivity of children with DCD 
  
The alterations in FC we observed in children with DCD are consistent with commonly reported deficits in motor execution, motor control, motor planning and sensorimotor processing. Reduced FC between M1 and the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus in children with DCD suggests disrupted connectivity between regions associated with motor execution and motor control. Similarly, reductions in connectivity between M1 and the inferior frontal gyrus is consistent with disruptions in fine motor control, inhibition and integration of sensory input into action reported previously ( ). Consistent with decreased insular cortex involvement during trail-tracing in children with DCD ( ), we observed reduced FC between M1 and the posterior insular cortex, which could also be related to disruptions in sensorimotor processing and motor output ( ). Cognitive control regions related to working memory and motor planning (i.e., prefrontal cortex) also exhibited altered FC in children with DCD. As a result, motor execution regions may receive degraded input from areas responsible for motor planning, organization and regulation ( ). 


### Resting-state motor connectivity of children with ADHD 
  
Reduced FC in the striatum, putamen and other subcortical structures in children with ADHD is consistent with observations of previous imaging studies ( ;  ;  ;  ). Lower connectivity between M1 and the frontal eye fields, areas associated with visual attention ( ), and the left postcentral gyrus, a key component of the neural network involved in working memory ( ), could be linked to deficits in visual attention and working memory observed in children with ADHD ( ;  ). Decreased FC in the inferior frontal gyri could play a part in the motor inhibition difficulties associated with ADHD ( ;  ), which is further supported by previous task-related fMRI studies ( ;  ;  ). Previous imaging research has reported reduced grey matter volume of the left insular cortex in children with ADHD ( ). Further, increased cortical thickness ( ) and increased activity during an fMRI-based attention–reorientation task ( ) have been reported in the right insular cortex. Given the multiple functions performed by the insular cortices, it is not surprising that abnormal connectivity between the M1 and the insular cortices are associated with attention difficulties. 


### Resting-state differences in single   versus   co-occurring disorders 
  
Compared to typically developing controls, children with co-occurring DCD and ADHD evidenced lower FC between M1 and the somatosensory cortices, left supramarginal gyrus, striatum and amygdala, suggesting poor integration between sensorimotor input, motor execution and movement regulation. In contrast, compared to children with only DCD or ADHD, the DCD + ADHD group exhibited greater FC between M1 and brain regions involved in motor control (bilateral caudate, left premotor cortex, right inferior frontal gyrus), speech processing and prosody (bilateral anterior superior temporal gyri), sensorimotor processing (left postcentral gyrus, right parietal operculum cortex, bilateral precuneus cortices, angular gyri) and attention and error detection (bilateral anterior cingulate cortices) compared to children with only DCD or ADHD. These findings, though unexpected, may suggest that some connections between M1 and processing areas may be erroneous, such that greater involvement of these regions is needed to successfully plan and execute movement in children with co-occurring disorders ( ). More research is needed to examine the influence of erroneous connectivity between brain areas on motor output. 


### Common neurophysiological substrates 
  
Our findings support the hypotheses that common neurophysiological substrates may underlie both motor and attention problems. We found that a number of brain regions (i.e., bilateral inferior frontal gyri, the right supramarginal gyrus, angular gyri, insular cortices, amygdala, putamen and pallidum) exhibited similar FC alterations in children with DCD and/or ADHD, which may represent putative targets for future study and potential biomarkers for DCD and ADHD. 

The angular gyri act as multimodal integration centers active during tasks such as reading, comprehension, spatial cognition and attention ( ). Imaging research has implicated these regions in both DCD ( ;  ;  ,  ) and ADHD ( ). The angular gyri are also part of the fronto-parietal network, which is responsible for integrating internal and external information for response generation ( ). In individuals affected by ADHD, fMRI tasks involving motor inhibition have been found to result in decreased activity within this network ( ). Our observation of lower FC between M1 and the angular gyri in the DCD and ADHD groups compared to the controls suggests that the information provided by this region to M1 may be degraded, which in turn could impact motor performance. The putamen and pallidum, key regulators of movement and motor learning ( ), exhibited lower FC with M1 in all diagnostic groups. Reduced FC between this region and M1 could contribute to the movement difficulties associated with DCD and ADHD, as striatal structures receive information from regions throughout the brain and directly interact with M1. 

The supramarginal gyri (secondary somatosensory cortices) are responsible for integrating tactile or pain-based stimuli with higher order functions such as attention ( ). Decreased FC with M1 was observed in the right supramarginal gyrus (secondary somatosensory cortex) in the DCD and ADHD groups, and in the left supramarginal gyrus in the DCD + ADHD group. Other sensorimotor regions also displayed decreased FC with M1. In the DCD and ADHD groups, decreased FC was observed with the insular and secondary somatosensory cortices. In contrast, in the DCD + ADHD group decreased FC was observed with the primary somatosensory cortices. Further, the posterior insular cortices exhibited lower FC in the DCD and ADHD groups; however, a similar decrease in FC was not observed in the DCD + ADHD group. These findings suggest that alterations 

Source Tables
[Table File] table_000.csv
Unnamed: 0,Controls,ADHD,DCD,DCD + ADHD
Age in years,11.3 ± 2.8,12.5 ± 2.9,13.0 ± 2.5,11.5 ± 3.0
N (females),23 (12),21 (1)a,7 (2),18 (4)
Left-handed,2,2,1,4
WASI IQ,113.0 ± 13.4,105.4 ± 11.8,107.0 ± 13.0,104.8 ± 15.8
CPRSC-C score,51.7 ± 9.5,"72.5a,b ± 8.7",50.9 ± 3.9,"72.2a,b ± 12.0"
CPRSC-H score,51.6 ± 9.4,"71.1a,b ± 14.1",49.7 ± 3.4,"65.0a,b ± 13.8"
MABC-2 score,10.1 ± 2.2,9.5 ± 1.6,"5.1a,c ± 2.0","4.4a,c ± 2.2"


[Table File] table_001.csv
Comparison,Brain region,Z score,x,y,z,BA
DCD < controls,,,,,,
,R anterior superior temporal gyrus/planum polare,3.16,58,−4,−2,"6, 22"
,R frontal operculum cortex,3.0,46,16,4,13
,R inferior frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus,2.93,54,12,2,"44, 45"
,R caudate,2.88,8,10,0,–
,R nucleus sccumbens,2.85,10,8,−6,–
,L insular cortex,2.79,−40,8,−6,13
,L superior temporal gyrus (anterior),2.79,−56,−14,−6,−21
,L inferior frontal gyrus/precentral,2.76,−54,10,2,"13, 44"
,R insular cortex,2.71,38,0,−6,13
,L anterior cingulate gyrus,2.71,−4,40,−4,24
,R pallidum,2.66,14,4,−4,–
,L caudate (all),2.66,−14,14,2,–
,Paracingulate gyrus/superior frontal gyrus,2.56,0,48,28,9
,R putamen (ventral),2.53,28,8,2,–
ADHD < controls,R parietal operculum,2.53,52,−32,22,13
,R parietal operculum cortex/supramarginal gyrus,3.69,60,−26,28,40
,R auditory cortex/insular cortex,3.58,46,−10,0,13
,Frontal eye fields,3.29,0,30,40,8
,L pallidum,3.28,−18,−4,−8,–
,R inferior frontal gyrus,3.26,48,14,30,9
,L angular/supramarginal gyri,3.26,−54,−52,22,"22, 39, 40"
,L supramarginal gyrus,3.21,−48,−40,34,40
,Brainstem,3.17,−2,−28,2,–
,L amygdala,2.97,−20,−6,−10,–
,L insular cortex,2.96,−42,−6,−2,13
,L inferior frontal gyrus,2.89,−44,32,2,"45, 47"
,R anterior cingulate gyrus,2.88,−8,18,34,"24, 32"
,L putamen,2.71,−28,−12,2,–
,"R putamen, pallidum",2.67,20,4,6,–
,L middle frontal gyrus,2.66,−38,10,40,6
DCD + ADHD < controls,L pallidum,3.55,−18,−6,−8,–
,R postcentral gyrus,3.49,64,−8,26,4
,R motor cortex,3.32,62,2,26,6
,L supramarginal gyrus (anterior),2.96,−56,−26,38,"2, 40"
,L putamen/pallidum (dorsal),2.85,−26,−14,6,–
,L amygdala,2.79,−20,−8,−12,–
,L postcentral gyrus,2.71,−56,−16,34,3
DCD + ADHD > controls,Lingual gyrus,3.46,0,−72,−2,–
,L lingual gyrus,3.41,−4,−84,−16,–
,L frontopolar cortex,3.22,−26,64,8,10


[Table File] table_002.csv
Comparison,Brain region,Z score,x,y,z,BA
DCD > ADHD,L postcentral gyrus,3.7,−32,−30,54,3
,L superior frontal gyrus,2.67,−2,44,40,8
ADHD > DCD,R caudate,3.33,8,12,−2,–
,R middle frontal gyrus,3.01,52,44,4,10
,L superior temporal gyrus,2.98,−56,−2,−10,22
,R inferior frontal gyrus,2.79,48,20,16,44
,L inferior frontal gyrus,2.72,−56,10,2,44
ADHD > DCD + ADHD,L postcentral gyrus,2.98,−58,−14,34,3
DCD + ADHD > ADHD,L premotor cortex,3.91,−28,−12,70,6
,L anterior cingulate cortex,3.12,−12,20,36,32
,R parietal operculum cortex,2.99,54,−24,24,40
,L postcentral gyrus,2.94,−28,−30,56,3
,R precuneus cortex,2.73,18,−72,40,31
,R anterior cingulate cortex,2.66,4,32,28,32
,L precuneus cortex,2.6,−10,−72,30,31
,R angular gyrus,2.59,54,−52,32,40
DCD + ADHD > DCD,R caudate,3.27,8,12,−2,–
,L premotor cortex,3.25,−26,−12,70,6
,R inferior frontal gyrus,3.1,52,12,4,44
,L postcentral gyrus,3.09,−50,−16,58,3
,L anterior superior temporal gyrus,3.02,−58,0,−8,22
,L frontopolar cortex,2.92,−28,62,8,10
,R anterior superior temporal gyrus,2.86,58,−4,−2,22
,R parietal operculum cortex,2.75,54,−22,20,40
,L caudate,2.62,−8,14,0,–


[Table File] table_003.csv
Unnamed: 0,Brain region,Z score,x,y,z,BA
Increase with age (controls),R precentral and postcentral gyrus (entire),4.24,58,−8,24,4
,R superior frontal gyrus,4.14,28,28,58,6
,L precentral gyrus,4.08,−34,−6,68,6
,L postcentral gyrus (entire),3.41,−46,−22,46,"1, 2"
,R precentral gyrus,3.36,40,−2,64,6
Decrease with age (controls),L lingual gyrus,3.74,−6,−84,−10,–
,R lateral occipital cortex/occipital pole,3.72,18,−88,36,19
,L lateral occipital cortex (superior)/occipital pole,3.63,−42,−84,30,19
,R anterior cingulate gyrus,3.59,6,22,22,24
,R frontal pole,3.56,20,50,34,9
Increase with age (DCD),L frontopolar cortex,3.19,−4,62,10,10
,L precuneus cortex,2.85,−8,−70,36,7
,R paracingulate gyrus,2.69,12,48,2,32
Decrease with age (DCD),L occipital fusiform gyrus,3.28,−24,−74,−14,19
,L occipital pole/lingual gyrus/occipital fusiform gyrus,3.2,−20,−92,−16,18
,R precentral gyrus,3.0,22,−22,58,4
,L supplementary motor area,2.96,−10,−4,50,6
,L intracalcarine cortex,2.77,−4,−88,4,18
,R thalamus,2.73,4,−18,4,–
Increase with age (ADHD),R superior frontal gyrus/DLPFC,4.17,20,52,24,9
,Paracingulate gyrus,3.95,−8,48,22,32
,"R superior and middle temporal gyrus, posterior",3.94,70,−26,2,"21, 22"
,L Heschl's gyrus,3.88,−38,−24,8,13
,L DLPFC,3.85,−18,62,20,"9, 10"
,Brainstem,3.78,0,−10,−12,–
,"R inferior temporal gyrus (temporooccipital)/lateral occipital cortex, inferior",3.68,56,−54,−12,20
,"L lateral occipital cortex, inferior",3.63,−40,−64,4,37
,L temporal occipital fusiform cortex,3.49,−30,−46,−16,37
,R middle frontal gyrus,3.42,48,36,18,46
,R supracalcarine/precuneous cortices,3.24,24,−64,16,"30, 31"
,R insular cortex,3.19,40,−4,12,13
,L supracalcarine/precuneous/intracalcarine cortices,3.03,−16,−64,12,30
Decrease with age (ADHD),L angular gyrus/supramarginal gyrus,3.76,−58,−54,26,40
,R anterior cingulate gyrus/paracingulate gyrus,3.45,8,12,38,32
,L superior lateral occipital cortex,3.29,−32,−76,52,7
,L precentral gyrus,3.11,−10,−14,68,6
,L middle frontal gyrus,2.82,−38,32,42,8
,R supramarginal gyrus (posterior)/angular gyrus,2.81,62,−44,32,40
Decrease with age (DCD + ADHD),R angular gyrus/lateral occipital cortex (superior),5.16,66,−52,30,"39, 40"
,R planum polare/superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus (posterior),3.96,52,−12,−12,"13, 21, 22"


[Table File] tables/table_000.csv
Unnamed: 0,Controls,ADHD,DCD,DCD + ADHD
Age in years,11.3 ± 2.8,12.5 ± 2.9,13.0 ± 2.5,11.5 ± 3.0
N (females),23 (12),21 (1)a,7 (2),18 (4)
Left-handed,2,2,1,4
WASI IQ,113.0 ± 13.4,105.4 ± 11.8,107.0 ± 13.0,104.8 ± 15.8
CPRSC-C score,51.7 ± 9.5,"72.5a,b ± 8.7",50.9 ± 3.9,"72.2a,b ± 12.0"
CPRSC-H score,51.6 ± 9.4,"71.1a,b ± 14.1",49.7 ± 3.4,"65.0a,b ± 13.8"
MABC-2 score,10.1 ± 2.2,9.5 ± 1.6,"5.1a,c ± 2.0","4.4a,c ± 2.2"


[Table File] tables/table_001.csv
Comparison,Brain region,Z score,x,y,z,BA
DCD < controls,,,,,,
,R anterior superior temporal gyrus/planum polare,3.16,58,−4,−2,"6, 22"
,R frontal operculum cortex,3.0,46,16,4,13
,R inferior frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus,2.93,54,12,2,"44, 45"
,R caudate,2.88,8,10,0,–
,R nucleus sccumbens,2.85,10,8,−6,–
,L insular cortex,2.79,−40,8,−6,13
,L superior temporal gyrus (anterior),2.79,−56,−14,−6,−21
,L inferior frontal gyrus/precentral,2.76,−54,10,2,"13, 44"
,R insular cortex,2.71,38,0,−6,13
,L anterior cingulate gyrus,2.71,−4,40,−4,24
,R pallidum,2.66,14,4,−4,–
,L caudate (all),2.66,−14,14,2,–
,Paracingulate gyrus/superior frontal gyrus,2.56,0,48,28,9
,R putamen (ventral),2.53,28,8,2,–
ADHD < controls,R parietal operculum,2.53,52,−32,22,13
,R parietal operculum cortex/supramarginal gyrus,3.69,60,−26,28,40
,R auditory cortex/insular cortex,3.58,46,−10,0,13
,Frontal eye fields,3.29,0,30,40,8
,L pallidum,3.28,−18,−4,−8,–
,R inferior frontal gyrus,3.26,48,14,30,9
,L angular/supramarginal gyri,3.26,−54,−52,22,"22, 39, 40"
,L supramarginal gyrus,3.21,−48,−40,34,40
,Brainstem,3.17,−2,−28,2,–
,L amygdala,2.97,−20,−6,−10,–
,L insular cortex,2.96,−42,−6,−2,13
,L inferior frontal gyrus,2.89,−44,32,2,"45, 47"
,R anterior cingulate gyrus,2.88,−8,18,34,"24, 32"
,L putamen,2.71,−28,−12,2,–
,"R putamen, pallidum",2.67,20,4,6,–
,L middle frontal gyrus,2.66,−38,10,40,6
DCD + ADHD < controls,L pallidum,3.55,−18,−6,−8,–
,R postcentral gyrus,3.49,64,−8,26,4
,R motor cortex,3.32,62,2,26,6
,L supramarginal gyrus (anterior),2.96,−56,−26,38,"2, 40"
,L putamen/pallidum (dorsal),2.85,−26,−14,6,–
,L amygdala,2.79,−20,−8,−12,–
,L postcentral gyrus,2.71,−56,−16,34,3
DCD + ADHD > controls,Lingual gyrus,3.46,0,−72,−2,–
,L lingual gyrus,3.41,−4,−84,−16,–
,L frontopolar cortex,3.22,−26,64,8,10


[Table File] tables/table_002.csv
Comparison,Brain region,Z score,x,y,z,BA
DCD > ADHD,L postcentral gyrus,3.7,−32,−30,54,3
,L superior frontal gyrus,2.67,−2,44,40,8
ADHD > DCD,R caudate,3.33,8,12,−2,–
,R middle frontal gyrus,3.01,52,44,4,10
,L superior temporal gyrus,2.98,−56,−2,−10,22
,R inferior frontal gyrus,2.79,48,20,16,44
,L inferior frontal gyrus,2.72,−56,10,2,44
ADHD > DCD + ADHD,L postcentral gyrus,2.98,−58,−14,34,3
DCD + ADHD > ADHD,L premotor cortex,3.91,−28,−12,70,6
,L anterior cingulate cortex,3.12,−12,20,36,32
,R parietal operculum cortex,2.99,54,−24,24,40
,L postcentral gyrus,2.94,−28,−30,56,3
,R precuneus cortex,2.73,18,−72,40,31
,R anterior cingulate cortex,2.66,4,32,28,32
,L precuneus cortex,2.6,−10,−72,30,31
,R angular gyrus,2.59,54,−52,32,40
DCD + ADHD > DCD,R caudate,3.27,8,12,−2,–
,L premotor cortex,3.25,−26,−12,70,6
,R inferior frontal gyrus,3.1,52,12,4,44
,L postcentral gyrus,3.09,−50,−16,58,3
,L anterior superior temporal gyrus,3.02,−58,0,−8,22
,L frontopolar cortex,2.92,−28,62,8,10
,R anterior superior temporal gyrus,2.86,58,−4,−2,22
,R parietal operculum cortex,2.75,54,−22,20,40
,L caudate,2.62,−8,14,0,–


[Table File] tables/table_003.csv
Unnamed: 0,Brain region,Z score,x,y,z,BA
Increase with age (controls),R precentral and postcentral gyrus (entire),4.24,58,−8,24,4
,R superior frontal gyrus,4.14,28,28,58,6
,L precentral gyrus,4.08,−34,−6,68,6
,L postcentral gyrus (entire),3.41,−46,−22,46,"1, 2"
,R precentral gyrus,3.36,40,−2,64,6
Decrease with age (controls),L lingual gyrus,3.74,−6,−84,−10,–
,R lateral occipital cortex/occipital pole,3.72,18,−88,36,19
,L lateral occipital cortex (superior)/occipital pole,3.63,−42,−84,30,19
,R anterior cingulate gyrus,3.59,6,22,22,24
,R frontal pole,3.56,20,50,34,9
Increase with age (DCD),L frontopolar cortex,3.19,−4,62,10,10
,L precuneus cortex,2.85,−8,−70,36,7
,R paracingulate gyrus,2.69,12,48,2,32
Decrease with age (DCD),L occipital fusiform gyrus,3.28,−24,−74,−14,19
,L occipital pole/lingual gyrus/occipital fusiform gyrus,3.2,−20,−92,−16,18
,R precentral gyrus,3.0,22,−22,58,4
,L supplementary motor area,2.96,−10,−4,50,6
,L intracalcarine cortex,2.77,−4,−88,4,18
,R thalamus,2.73,4,−18,4,–
Increase with age (ADHD),R superior frontal gyrus/DLPFC,4.17,20,52,24,9
,Paracingulate gyrus,3.95,−8,48,22,32
,"R superior and middle temporal gyrus, posterior",3.94,70,−26,2,"21, 22"
,L Heschl's gyrus,3.88,−38,−24,8,13
,L DLPFC,3.85,−18,62,20,"9, 10"
,Brainstem,3.78,0,−10,−12,–
,"R inferior temporal gyrus (temporooccipital)/lateral occipital cortex, inferior",3.68,56,−54,−12,20
,"L lateral occipital cortex, inferior",3.63,−40,−64,4,37
,L temporal occipital fusiform cortex,3.49,−30,−46,−16,37
,R middle frontal gyrus,3.42,48,36,18,46
,R supracalcarine/precuneous cortices,3.24,24,−64,16,"30, 31"
,R insular cortex,3.19,40,−4,12,13
,L supracalcarine/precuneous/intracalcarine cortices,3.03,−16,−64,12,30
Decrease with age (ADHD),L angular gyrus/supramarginal gyrus,3.76,−58,−54,26,40
,R anterior cingulate gyrus/paracingulate gyrus,3.45,8,12,38,32
,L superior lateral occipital cortex,3.29,−32,−76,52,7
,L precentral gyrus,3.11,−10,−14,68,6
,L middle frontal gyrus,2.82,−38,32,42,8
,R supramarginal gyrus (posterior)/angular gyrus,2.81,62,−44,32,40
Decrease with age (DCD + ADHD),R angular gyrus/lateral occipital cortex (superior),5.16,66,−52,30,"39, 40"
,R planum polare/superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus (posterior),3.96,52,−12,−12,"13, 21, 22"


[Table File] tables/tables.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<extracted-tables-set><pmcid>3984446</pmcid><all-ids><article-id xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" pub-id-type="pmid">24818082</article-id><article-id xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" pub-id-type="pmc">3984446</article-id><article-id xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" pub-id-type="pii">S2213-1582(14)00040-0</article-id><article-id xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.nicl.2014.03.010</article-id></all-ids><extracted-table><table-id>tbl1</table-id><table-label>Table 1</table-label><table-caption>Participant characteristics.</table-caption><table-wrap-foot>WASI IQ = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence IQ; CPRSC-C = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised Children Cognitive Problems/Inattention; CPRSC-H = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised/Hyperactivity; MABC-2 = Movement Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition.CPRSC Scores were not available for one child in the ADHD group.</table-wrap-foot><original-table><table-wrap xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" position="float" id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Participant characteristics.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th/><th>Controls</th><th>ADHD</th><th>DCD</th><th>DCD + ADHD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Age in years</td><td>11.3 ± 2.8</td><td>12.5 ± 2.9</td><td>13.0 ± 2.5</td><td>11.5 ± 3.0</td></tr><tr><td><italic>N</italic> (females)</td><td>23 (12)</td><td>21 (1)<sup>a</sup></td><td>7 (2)</td><td>18 (4)</td></tr><tr><td>Left-handed</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>WASI IQ</td><td>113.0 ± 13.4</td><td>105.4 ± 11.8</td><td>107.0 ± 13.0</td><td>104.8 ± 15.8</td></tr><tr><td>CPRSC-C score</td><td>51.7 ± 9.5</td><td>72.5<sup>a,b</sup> ± 8.7</td><td>50.9 ± 3.9</td><td>72.2<sup>a,b</sup> ± 12.0</td></tr><tr><td>CPRSC-H score</td><td>51.6 ± 9.4</td><td>71.1<sup>a,b</sup> ± 14.1</td><td>49.7 ± 3.4</td><td>65.0<sup>a,b</sup> ± 13.8</td></tr><tr><td>MABC-2 score</td><td>10.1 ± 2.2</td><td>9.5 ± 1.6</td><td>5.1<sup>a,c</sup> ± 2.0</td><td>4.4<sup>a,c</sup> ± 2.2</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="p251"><p>WASI IQ = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence IQ; CPRSC-C = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised Children Cognitive Problems/Inattention; CPRSC-H = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised/Hyperactivity; MABC-2 = Movement Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition.</p></fn><fn id="p260"><p>CPRSC Scores were not available for one child in the ADHD group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></original-table><transformed-table>Table 1<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="caption">Participant characteristics.</div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="table"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th/><th>Controls</th><th>ADHD</th><th>DCD</th><th>DCD + ADHD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Age in years</td><td>11.3 ± 2.8</td><td>12.5 ± 2.9</td><td>13.0 ± 2.5</td><td>11.5 ± 3.0</td></tr><tr><td>N (females)</td><td>23 (12)</td><td>21 (1)a</td><td>7 (2)</td><td>18 (4)</td></tr><tr><td>Left-handed</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>WASI IQ</td><td>113.0 ± 13.4</td><td>105.4 ± 11.8</td><td>107.0 ± 13.0</td><td>104.8 ± 15.8</td></tr><tr><td>CPRSC-C score</td><td>51.7 ± 9.5</td><td>72.5a,b ± 8.7</td><td>50.9 ± 3.9</td><td>72.2a,b ± 12.0</td></tr><tr><td>CPRSC-H score</td><td>51.6 ± 9.4</td><td>71.1a,b ± 14.1</td><td>49.7 ± 3.4</td><td>65.0a,b ± 13.8</td></tr><tr><td>MABC-2 score</td><td>10.1 ± 2.2</td><td>9.5 ± 1.6</td><td>5.1a,c ± 2.0</td><td>4.4a,c ± 2.2</td></tr></tbody></table></div>WASI IQ = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence IQ; CPRSC-C = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised Children Cognitive Problems/Inattention; CPRSC-H = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised/Hyperactivity; MABC-2 = Movement Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition.CPRSC Scores were not available for one child in the ADHD group.</transformed-table></extracted-table><extracted-table><table-id>tbl2</table-id><table-label>Table 2</table-label><table-caption>Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD.</table-caption><table-wrap-foot>BA = Brodmann's Area, L = left, R = right. Coordinates (x, y, and z) given in mm of MNI template space.</table-wrap-foot><original-table><table-wrap xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" position="float" id="tbl2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Comparison</th><th>Brain region</th><th><italic>Z</italic> score</th><th><italic>x</italic></th><th><italic>y</italic></th><th><italic>z</italic></th><th>BA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DCD &lt; controls</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>R anterior superior temporal gyrus/planum polare</td><td>3.16</td><td>58</td><td>−4</td><td>−2</td><td>6, 22</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R frontal operculum cortex</td><td>3.0</td><td>46</td><td>16</td><td>4</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R inferior frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus</td><td>2.93</td><td>54</td><td>12</td><td>2</td><td>44, 45</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R caudate</td><td>2.88</td><td>8</td><td>10</td><td>0</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R nucleus sccumbens</td><td>2.85</td><td>10</td><td>8</td><td>−6</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L insular cortex</td><td>2.79</td><td>−40</td><td>8</td><td>−6</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L superior temporal gyrus (anterior)</td><td>2.79</td><td>−56</td><td>−14</td><td>−6</td><td>−21</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L inferior frontal gyrus/precentral</td><td>2.76</td><td>−54</td><td>10</td><td>2</td><td>13, 44</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R insular cortex</td><td>2.71</td><td>38</td><td>0</td><td>−6</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L anterior cingulate gyrus</td><td>2.71</td><td>−4</td><td>40</td><td>−4</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R pallidum</td><td>2.66</td><td>14</td><td>4</td><td>−4</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L caudate (all)</td><td>2.66</td><td>−14</td><td>14</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Paracingulate gyrus/superior frontal gyrus</td><td>2.56</td><td>0</td><td>48</td><td>28</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R putamen (ventral)</td><td>2.53</td><td>28</td><td>8</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td>ADHD &lt; controls</td><td>R parietal operculum</td><td>2.53</td><td>52</td><td>−32</td><td>22</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R parietal operculum cortex/supramarginal gyrus</td><td>3.69</td><td>60</td><td>−26</td><td>28</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R auditory cortex/insular cortex</td><td>3.58</td><td>46</td><td>−10</td><td>0</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Frontal eye fields</td><td>3.29</td><td>0</td><td>30</td><td>40</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L pallidum</td><td>3.28</td><td>−18</td><td>−4</td><td>−8</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R inferior frontal gyrus</td><td>3.26</td><td>48</td><td>14</td><td>30</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L angular/supramarginal gyri</td><td>3.26</td><td>−54</td><td>−52</td><td>22</td><td>22, 39, 40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L supramarginal gyrus</td><td>3.21</td><td>−48</td><td>−40</td><td>34</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Brainstem</td><td>3.17</td><td>−2</td><td>−28</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L amygdala</td><td>2.97</td><td>−20</td><td>−6</td><td>−10</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L insular cortex</td><td>2.96</td><td>−42</td><td>−6</td><td>−2</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L inferior frontal gyrus</td><td>2.89</td><td>−44</td><td>32</td><td>2</td><td>45, 47</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R anterior cingulate gyrus</td><td>2.88</td><td>−8</td><td>18</td><td>34</td><td>24, 32</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L putamen</td><td>2.71</td><td>−28</td><td>−12</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R putamen, pallidum</td><td>2.67</td><td>20</td><td>4</td><td>6</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L middle frontal gyrus</td><td>2.66</td><td>−38</td><td>10</td><td>40</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>DCD + ADHD &lt; controls</td><td>L pallidum</td><td>3.55</td><td>−18</td><td>−6</td><td>−8</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R postcentral gyrus</td><td>3.49</td><td>64</td><td>−8</td><td>26</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R motor cortex</td><td>3.32</td><td>62</td><td>2</td><td>26</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L supramarginal gyrus (anterior)</td><td>2.96</td><td>−56</td><td>−26</td><td>38</td><td>2, 40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L putamen/pallidum (dorsal)</td><td>2.85</td><td>−26</td><td>−14</td><td>6</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L amygdala</td><td>2.79</td><td>−20</td><td>−8</td><td>−12</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L postcentral gyrus</td><td>2.71</td><td>−56</td><td>−16</td><td>34</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>DCD + ADHD &gt; controls</td><td>Lingual gyrus</td><td>3.46</td><td>0</td><td>−72</td><td>−2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L lingual gyrus</td><td>3.41</td><td>−4</td><td>−84</td><td>−16</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L frontopolar cortex</td><td>3.22</td><td>−26</td><td>64</td><td>8</td><td>10</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>BA = Brodmann's Area, L = left, R = right. Coordinates (<italic>x</italic>, <italic>y</italic>, and <italic>z</italic>) given in mm of MNI template space.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></original-table><transformed-table>Table 2<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="caption">Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD.</div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="table"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Comparison</th><th>Brain region</th><th>Z score</th><th>x</th><th>y</th><th>z</th><th>BA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DCD &lt; controls</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>R anterior superior temporal gyrus/planum polare</td><td>3.16</td><td>58</td><td>−4</td><td>−2</td><td>6, 22</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R frontal operculum cortex</td><td>3.0</td><td>46</td><td>16</td><td>4</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R inferior frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus</td><td>2.93</td><td>54</td><td>12</td><td>2</td><td>44, 45</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R caudate</td><td>2.88</td><td>8</td><td>10</td><td>0</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R nucleus sccumbens</td><td>2.85</td><td>10</td><td>8</td><td>−6</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L insular cortex</td><td>2.79</td><td>−40</td><td>8</td><td>−6</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L superior temporal gyrus (anterior)</td><td>2.79</td><td>−56</td><td>−14</td><td>−6</td><td>−21</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L inferior frontal gyrus/precentral</td><td>2.76</td><td>−54</td><td>10</td><td>2</td><td>13, 44</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R insular cortex</td><td>2.71</td><td>38</td><td>0</td><td>−6</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L anterior cingulate gyrus</td><td>2.71</td><td>−4</td><td>40</td><td>−4</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R pallidum</td><td>2.66</td><td>14</td><td>4</td><td>−4</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L caudate (all)</td><td>2.66</td><td>−14</td><td>14</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Paracingulate gyrus/superior frontal gyrus</td><td>2.56</td><td>0</td><td>48</td><td>28</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R putamen (ventral)</td><td>2.53</td><td>28</td><td>8</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td>ADHD &lt; controls</td><td>R parietal operculum</td><td>2.53</td><td>52</td><td>−32</td><td>22</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R parietal operculum cortex/supramarginal gyrus</td><td>3.69</td><td>60</td><td>−26</td><td>28</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R auditory cortex/insular cortex</td><td>3.58</td><td>46</td><td>−10</td><td>0</td><td>13</td></tr><tr>

[Table File] tables/tbl1.xml
<original-table>
  <table-wrap xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" position="float" id="tbl1">
    <label>Table 1</label>
    <caption>
      <p>Participant characteristics.</p>
    </caption>
    <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th/>
          <th>Controls</th>
          <th>ADHD</th>
          <th>DCD</th>
          <th>DCD + ADHD</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td>Age in years</td>
          <td>11.3 ± 2.8</td>
          <td>12.5 ± 2.9</td>
          <td>13.0 ± 2.5</td>
          <td>11.5 ± 3.0</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td><italic>N</italic> (females)</td>
          <td>23 (12)</td>
          <td>21 (1)<sup>a</sup></td>
          <td>7 (2)</td>
          <td>18 (4)</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>Left-handed</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>1</td>
          <td>4</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>WASI IQ</td>
          <td>113.0 ± 13.4</td>
          <td>105.4 ± 11.8</td>
          <td>107.0 ± 13.0</td>
          <td>104.8 ± 15.8</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>CPRSC-C score</td>
          <td>51.7 ± 9.5</td>
          <td>72.5<sup>a,b</sup> ± 8.7</td>
          <td>50.9 ± 3.9</td>
          <td>72.2<sup>a,b</sup> ± 12.0</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>CPRSC-H score</td>
          <td>51.6 ± 9.4</td>
          <td>71.1<sup>a,b</sup> ± 14.1</td>
          <td>49.7 ± 3.4</td>
          <td>65.0<sup>a,b</sup> ± 13.8</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>MABC-2 score</td>
          <td>10.1 ± 2.2</td>
          <td>9.5 ± 1.6</td>
          <td>5.1<sup>a,c</sup> ± 2.0</td>
          <td>4.4<sup>a,c</sup> ± 2.2</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <table-wrap-foot>
      <fn id="p251">
        <p>WASI IQ = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence IQ; CPRSC-C = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised Children Cognitive Problems/Inattention; CPRSC-H = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised/Hyperactivity; MABC-2 = Movement Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn id="p260">
        <p>CPRSC Scores were not available for one child in the ADHD group.</p>
      </fn>
    </table-wrap-foot>
  </table-wrap>
</original-table>


[Table File] tables/tbl2.xml
<original-table>
  <table-wrap xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" position="float" id="tbl2">
    <label>Table 2</label>
    <caption>
      <p>Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD.</p>
    </caption>
    <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>Comparison</th>
          <th>Brain region</th>
          <th><italic>Z</italic> score</th>
          <th>
            <italic>x</italic>
          </th>
          <th>
            <italic>y</italic>
          </th>
          <th>
            <italic>z</italic>
          </th>
          <th>BA</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td>DCD &lt; controls</td>
          <td/>
          <td/>
          <td/>
          <td/>
          <td/>
          <td/>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R anterior superior temporal gyrus/planum polare</td>
          <td>3.16</td>
          <td>58</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>6, 22</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R frontal operculum cortex</td>
          <td>3.0</td>
          <td>46</td>
          <td>16</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>13</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R inferior frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus</td>
          <td>2.93</td>
          <td>54</td>
          <td>12</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>44, 45</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R caudate</td>
          <td>2.88</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>10</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R nucleus sccumbens</td>
          <td>2.85</td>
          <td>10</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>−6</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L insular cortex</td>
          <td>2.79</td>
          <td>−40</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>−6</td>
          <td>13</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L superior temporal gyrus (anterior)</td>
          <td>2.79</td>
          <td>−56</td>
          <td>−14</td>
          <td>−6</td>
          <td>−21</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L inferior frontal gyrus/precentral</td>
          <td>2.76</td>
          <td>−54</td>
          <td>10</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>13, 44</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R insular cortex</td>
          <td>2.71</td>
          <td>38</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>−6</td>
          <td>13</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L anterior cingulate gyrus</td>
          <td>2.71</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>40</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>24</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R pallidum</td>
          <td>2.66</td>
          <td>14</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L caudate (all)</td>
          <td>2.66</td>
          <td>−14</td>
          <td>14</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>Paracingulate gyrus/superior frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>2.56</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>48</td>
          <td>28</td>
          <td>9</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R putamen (ventral)</td>
          <td>2.53</td>
          <td>28</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>ADHD &lt; controls</td>
          <td>R parietal operculum</td>
          <td>2.53</td>
          <td>52</td>
          <td>−32</td>
          <td>22</td>
          <td>13</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R parietal operculum cortex/supramarginal gyrus</td>
          <td>3.69</td>
          <td>60</td>
          <td>−26</td>
          <td>28</td>
          <td>40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R auditory cortex/insular cortex</td>
          <td>3.58</td>
          <td>46</td>
          <td>−10</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>13</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>Frontal eye fields</td>
          <td>3.29</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>30</td>
          <td>40</td>
          <td>8</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L pallidum</td>
          <td>3.28</td>
          <td>−18</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R inferior frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>3.26</td>
          <td>48</td>
          <td>14</td>
          <td>30</td>
          <td>9</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L angular/supramarginal gyri</td>
          <td>3.26</td>
          <td>−54</td>
          <td>−52</td>
          <td>22</td>
          <td>22, 39, 40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L supramarginal gyrus</td>
          <td>3.21</td>
          <td>−48</td>
          <td>−40</td>
          <td>34</td>
          <td>40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>Brainstem</td>
          <td>3.17</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>−28</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L amygdala</td>
          <td>2.97</td>
          <td>−20</td>
          <td>−6</td>
          <td>−10</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L insular cortex</td>
          <td>2.96</td>
          <td>−42</td>
          <td>−6</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>13</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L inferior frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>2.89</td>
          <td>−44</td>
          <td>32</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>45, 47</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R anterior cingulate gyrus</td>
          <td>2.88</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>18</td>
          <td>34</td>
          <td>24, 32</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L putamen</td>
          <td>2.71</td>
          <td>−28</td>
          <td>−12</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R putamen, pallidum</td>
          <td>2.67</td>
          <td>20</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>6</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L middle frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>2.66</td>
          <td>−38</td>
          <td>10</td>
          <td>40</td>
          <td>6</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>DCD + ADHD &lt; controls</td>
          <td>L pallidum</td>
          <td>3.55</td>
          <td>−18</td>
          <td>−6</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R postcentral gyrus</td>
          <td>3.49</td>
          <td>64</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>26</td>
          <td>4</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R motor cortex</td>
          <td>3.32</td>
          <td>62</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>26</td>
          <td>6</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L supramarginal gyrus (anterior)</td>
          <td>2.96</td>
          <td>−56</td>
          <td>−26</td>
          <td>38</td>
          <td>2, 40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L putamen/pallidum (dorsal)</td>
          <td>2.85</td>
          <td>−26</td>
          <td>−14</td>
          <td>6</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L amygdala</td>
          <td>2.79</td>
          <td>−20</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>−12</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L postcentral gyrus</td>
          <td>2.71</td>
          <td>−56</td>
          <td>−16</td>
          <td>34</td>
          <td>3</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>DCD + ADHD &gt; controls</td>
          <td>Lingual gyrus</td>
          <td>3.46</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>−72</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L lingual gyrus</td>
          <td>3.41</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>−84</td>
          <td>−16</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L frontopolar cortex</td>
          <td>3.22</td>
          <td>−26</td>
          <td>64</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>10</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <table-wrap-foot>
      <fn>
        <p>BA = Brodmann's Area, L = left, R = right. Coordinates (<italic>x</italic>, <italic>y</italic>, and <italic>z</italic>) given in mm of MNI template space.</p>
      </fn>
    </table-wrap-foot>
  </table-wrap>
</original-table>


[Table File] tables/tbl3.xml
<original-table>
  <table-wrap xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" position="float" id="tbl3">
    <label>Table 3</label>
    <caption>
      <p>Regional difference in functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex between the DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD groups.</p>
    </caption>
    <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>Comparison</th>
          <th>Brain region</th>
          <th><italic>Z</italic> score</th>
          <th>
            <italic>x</italic>
          </th>
          <th>
            <italic>y</italic>
          </th>
          <th>
            <italic>z</italic>
          </th>
          <th>BA</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td>DCD &gt; ADHD</td>
          <td>L postcentral gyrus</td>
          <td>3.70</td>
          <td>−32</td>
          <td>−30</td>
          <td>54</td>
          <td>3</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L superior frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>2.67</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>44</td>
          <td>40</td>
          <td>8</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>ADHD &gt; DCD</td>
          <td>R caudate</td>
          <td>3.33</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>12</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R middle frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>3.01</td>
          <td>52</td>
          <td>44</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>10</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L superior temporal gyrus</td>
          <td>2.98</td>
          <td>−56</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>−10</td>
          <td>22</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R inferior frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>2.79</td>
          <td>48</td>
          <td>20</td>
          <td>16</td>
          <td>44</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L inferior frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>2.72</td>
          <td>−56</td>
          <td>10</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>44</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>ADHD &gt; DCD + ADHD</td>
          <td>L postcentral gyrus</td>
          <td>2.98</td>
          <td>−58</td>
          <td>−14</td>
          <td>34</td>
          <td>3</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>DCD + ADHD &gt; ADHD</td>
          <td>L premotor cortex</td>
          <td>3.91</td>
          <td>−28</td>
          <td>−12</td>
          <td>70</td>
          <td>6</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L anterior cingulate cortex</td>
          <td>3.12</td>
          <td>−12</td>
          <td>20</td>
          <td>36</td>
          <td>32</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R parietal operculum cortex</td>
          <td>2.99</td>
          <td>54</td>
          <td>−24</td>
          <td>24</td>
          <td>40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L postcentral gyrus</td>
          <td>2.94</td>
          <td>−28</td>
          <td>−30</td>
          <td>56</td>
          <td>3</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R precuneus cortex</td>
          <td>2.73</td>
          <td>18</td>
          <td>−72</td>
          <td>40</td>
          <td>31</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R anterior cingulate cortex</td>
          <td>2.66</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>32</td>
          <td>28</td>
          <td>32</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L precuneus cortex</td>
          <td>2.60</td>
          <td>−10</td>
          <td>−72</td>
          <td>30</td>
          <td>31</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R angular gyrus</td>
          <td>2.59</td>
          <td>54</td>
          <td>−52</td>
          <td>32</td>
          <td>40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>DCD + ADHD &gt; DCD</td>
          <td>R caudate</td>
          <td>3.27</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>12</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L premotor cortex</td>
          <td>3.25</td>
          <td>−26</td>
          <td>−12</td>
          <td>70</td>
          <td>6</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R inferior frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>3.10</td>
          <td>52</td>
          <td>12</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>44</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L postcentral gyrus</td>
          <td>3.09</td>
          <td>−50</td>
          <td>−16</td>
          <td>58</td>
          <td>3</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L anterior superior temporal gyrus</td>
          <td>3.02</td>
          <td>−58</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>22</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L frontopolar cortex</td>
          <td>2.92</td>
          <td>−28</td>
          <td>62</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>10</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R anterior superior temporal gyrus</td>
          <td>2.86</td>
          <td>58</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>22</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R parietal operculum cortex</td>
          <td>2.75</td>
          <td>54</td>
          <td>−22</td>
          <td>20</td>
          <td>40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L caudate</td>
          <td>2.62</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>14</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <table-wrap-foot>
      <fn>
        <p>BA = Brodmann's Area, L = left, R = right. Coordinates (<italic>x</italic>, <italic>y</italic>, and <italic>z</italic>) given in mm of MNI template space.</p>
      </fn>
    </table-wrap-foot>
  </table-wrap>
</original-table>


[Table File] tables/tbl4.xml
<original-table>
  <table-wrap xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" position="float" id="tbl4">
    <label>Table 4</label>
    <caption>
      <p>Regions exhibiting a dependence of functional connectivity on age.</p>
    </caption>
    <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th/>
          <th>Brain region</th>
          <th><italic>Z</italic> score</th>
          <th>
            <italic>x</italic>
          </th>
          <th>
            <italic>y</italic>
          </th>
          <th>
            <italic>z</italic>
          </th>
          <th>BA</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td>Increase with age (controls)</td>
          <td>R precentral and postcentral gyrus (entire)</td>
          <td>4.24</td>
          <td>58</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>24</td>
          <td>4</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R superior frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>4.14</td>
          <td>28</td>
          <td>28</td>
          <td>58</td>
          <td>6</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L precentral gyrus</td>
          <td>4.08</td>
          <td>−34</td>
          <td>−6</td>
          <td>68</td>
          <td>6</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L postcentral gyrus (entire)</td>
          <td>3.41</td>
          <td>−46</td>
          <td>−22</td>
          <td>46</td>
          <td>1, 2</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R precentral gyrus</td>
          <td>3.36</td>
          <td>40</td>
          <td>−2</td>
          <td>64</td>
          <td>6</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>Decrease with age (controls)</td>
          <td>L lingual gyrus</td>
          <td>3.74</td>
          <td>−6</td>
          <td>−84</td>
          <td>−10</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R lateral occipital cortex/occipital pole</td>
          <td>3.72</td>
          <td>18</td>
          <td>−88</td>
          <td>36</td>
          <td>19</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L lateral occipital cortex (superior)/occipital pole</td>
          <td>3.63</td>
          <td>−42</td>
          <td>−84</td>
          <td>30</td>
          <td>19</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R anterior cingulate gyrus</td>
          <td>3.59</td>
          <td>6</td>
          <td>22</td>
          <td>22</td>
          <td>24</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R frontal pole</td>
          <td>3.56</td>
          <td>20</td>
          <td>50</td>
          <td>34</td>
          <td>9</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>Increase with age (DCD)</td>
          <td>L frontopolar cortex</td>
          <td>3.19</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>62</td>
          <td>10</td>
          <td>10</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L precuneus cortex</td>
          <td>2.85</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>−70</td>
          <td>36</td>
          <td>7</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R paracingulate gyrus</td>
          <td>2.69</td>
          <td>12</td>
          <td>48</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>32</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>Decrease with age (DCD)</td>
          <td>L occipital fusiform gyrus</td>
          <td>3.28</td>
          <td>−24</td>
          <td>−74</td>
          <td>−14</td>
          <td>19</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L occipital pole/lingual gyrus/occipital fusiform gyrus</td>
          <td>3.2</td>
          <td>−20</td>
          <td>−92</td>
          <td>−16</td>
          <td>18</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R precentral gyrus</td>
          <td>3.00</td>
          <td>22</td>
          <td>−22</td>
          <td>58</td>
          <td>4</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L supplementary motor area</td>
          <td>2.96</td>
          <td>−10</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>50</td>
          <td>6</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L intracalcarine cortex</td>
          <td>2.77</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>−88</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>18</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R thalamus</td>
          <td>2.73</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>−18</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>Increase with age (ADHD)</td>
          <td>R superior frontal gyrus/DLPFC</td>
          <td>4.17</td>
          <td>20</td>
          <td>52</td>
          <td>24</td>
          <td>9</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>Paracingulate gyrus</td>
          <td>3.95</td>
          <td>−8</td>
          <td>48</td>
          <td>22</td>
          <td>32</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R superior and middle temporal gyrus, posterior</td>
          <td>3.94</td>
          <td>70</td>
          <td>−26</td>
          <td>2</td>
          <td>21, 22</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L Heschl's gyrus</td>
          <td>3.88</td>
          <td>−38</td>
          <td>−24</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>13</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L DLPFC</td>
          <td>3.85</td>
          <td>−18</td>
          <td>62</td>
          <td>20</td>
          <td>9, 10</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>Brainstem</td>
          <td>3.78</td>
          <td>0</td>
          <td>−10</td>
          <td>−12</td>
          <td>–</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R inferior temporal gyrus (temporooccipital)/lateral occipital cortex, inferior</td>
          <td>3.68</td>
          <td>56</td>
          <td>−54</td>
          <td>−12</td>
          <td>20</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L lateral occipital cortex, inferior</td>
          <td>3.63</td>
          <td>−40</td>
          <td>−64</td>
          <td>4</td>
          <td>37</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L temporal occipital fusiform cortex</td>
          <td>3.49</td>
          <td>−30</td>
          <td>−46</td>
          <td>−16</td>
          <td>37</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R middle frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>3.42</td>
          <td>48</td>
          <td>36</td>
          <td>18</td>
          <td>46</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R supracalcarine/precuneous cortices</td>
          <td>3.24</td>
          <td>24</td>
          <td>−64</td>
          <td>16</td>
          <td>30, 31</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R insular cortex</td>
          <td>3.19</td>
          <td>40</td>
          <td>−4</td>
          <td>12</td>
          <td>13</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L supracalcarine/precuneous/intracalcarine cortices</td>
          <td>3.03</td>
          <td>−16</td>
          <td>−64</td>
          <td>12</td>
          <td>30</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>Decrease with age (ADHD)</td>
          <td>L angular gyrus/supramarginal gyrus</td>
          <td>3.76</td>
          <td>−58</td>
          <td>−54</td>
          <td>26</td>
          <td>40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R anterior cingulate gyrus/paracingulate gyrus</td>
          <td>3.45</td>
          <td>8</td>
          <td>12</td>
          <td>38</td>
          <td>32</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L superior lateral occipital cortex</td>
          <td>3.29</td>
          <td>−32</td>
          <td>−76</td>
          <td>52</td>
          <td>7</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L precentral gyrus</td>
          <td>3.11</td>
          <td>−10</td>
          <td>−14</td>
          <td>68</td>
          <td>6</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>L middle frontal gyrus</td>
          <td>2.82</td>
          <td>−38</td>
          <td>32</td>
          <td>42</td>
          <td>8</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R supramarginal gyrus (posterior)/angular gyrus</td>
          <td>2.81</td>
          <td>62</td>
          <td>−44</td>
          <td>32</td>
          <td>40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>Decrease with age (DCD + ADHD)</td>
          <td>R angular gyrus/lateral occipital cortex (superior)</td>
          <td>5.16</td>
          <td>66</td>
          <td>−52</td>
          <td>30</td>
          <td>39, 40</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td/>
          <td>R planum polare/superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus (posterior)</td>
          <td>3.96</td>
          <td>52</td>
          <td>−12</td>
          <td>−12</td>
          <td>13, 21, 22</td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>
    <table-wrap-foot>
      <fn>
        <p>Coordinates (<italic>x</italic>, <italic>y</italic>, and <italic>z</italic>) are given in mm of MNI template space; BA = Brodmann's Area.</p>
      </fn>
    </table-wrap-foot>
  </table-wrap>
</original-table>


[Table File] tables.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<extracted-tables-set><pmcid>3984446</pmcid><all-ids><article-id xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" pub-id-type="pmid">24818082</article-id><article-id xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" pub-id-type="pmc">3984446</article-id><article-id xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" pub-id-type="pii">S2213-1582(14)00040-0</article-id><article-id xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.nicl.2014.03.010</article-id></all-ids><extracted-table><table-id>tbl1</table-id><table-label>Table 1</table-label><table-caption>Participant characteristics.</table-caption><table-wrap-foot>WASI IQ = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence IQ; CPRSC-C = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised Children Cognitive Problems/Inattention; CPRSC-H = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised/Hyperactivity; MABC-2 = Movement Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition.CPRSC Scores were not available for one child in the ADHD group.</table-wrap-foot><original-table><table-wrap xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" position="float" id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Participant characteristics.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th/><th>Controls</th><th>ADHD</th><th>DCD</th><th>DCD + ADHD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Age in years</td><td>11.3 ± 2.8</td><td>12.5 ± 2.9</td><td>13.0 ± 2.5</td><td>11.5 ± 3.0</td></tr><tr><td><italic>N</italic> (females)</td><td>23 (12)</td><td>21 (1)<sup>a</sup></td><td>7 (2)</td><td>18 (4)</td></tr><tr><td>Left-handed</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>WASI IQ</td><td>113.0 ± 13.4</td><td>105.4 ± 11.8</td><td>107.0 ± 13.0</td><td>104.8 ± 15.8</td></tr><tr><td>CPRSC-C score</td><td>51.7 ± 9.5</td><td>72.5<sup>a,b</sup> ± 8.7</td><td>50.9 ± 3.9</td><td>72.2<sup>a,b</sup> ± 12.0</td></tr><tr><td>CPRSC-H score</td><td>51.6 ± 9.4</td><td>71.1<sup>a,b</sup> ± 14.1</td><td>49.7 ± 3.4</td><td>65.0<sup>a,b</sup> ± 13.8</td></tr><tr><td>MABC-2 score</td><td>10.1 ± 2.2</td><td>9.5 ± 1.6</td><td>5.1<sup>a,c</sup> ± 2.0</td><td>4.4<sup>a,c</sup> ± 2.2</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="p251"><p>WASI IQ = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence IQ; CPRSC-C = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised Children Cognitive Problems/Inattention; CPRSC-H = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised/Hyperactivity; MABC-2 = Movement Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition.</p></fn><fn id="p260"><p>CPRSC Scores were not available for one child in the ADHD group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></original-table><transformed-table>Table 1<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="caption">Participant characteristics.</div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="table"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th/><th>Controls</th><th>ADHD</th><th>DCD</th><th>DCD + ADHD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Age in years</td><td>11.3 ± 2.8</td><td>12.5 ± 2.9</td><td>13.0 ± 2.5</td><td>11.5 ± 3.0</td></tr><tr><td>N (females)</td><td>23 (12)</td><td>21 (1)a</td><td>7 (2)</td><td>18 (4)</td></tr><tr><td>Left-handed</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>WASI IQ</td><td>113.0 ± 13.4</td><td>105.4 ± 11.8</td><td>107.0 ± 13.0</td><td>104.8 ± 15.8</td></tr><tr><td>CPRSC-C score</td><td>51.7 ± 9.5</td><td>72.5a,b ± 8.7</td><td>50.9 ± 3.9</td><td>72.2a,b ± 12.0</td></tr><tr><td>CPRSC-H score</td><td>51.6 ± 9.4</td><td>71.1a,b ± 14.1</td><td>49.7 ± 3.4</td><td>65.0a,b ± 13.8</td></tr><tr><td>MABC-2 score</td><td>10.1 ± 2.2</td><td>9.5 ± 1.6</td><td>5.1a,c ± 2.0</td><td>4.4a,c ± 2.2</td></tr></tbody></table></div>WASI IQ = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence IQ; CPRSC-C = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised Children Cognitive Problems/Inattention; CPRSC-H = Conner's Parent Rating Scale Revised/Hyperactivity; MABC-2 = Movement Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition.CPRSC Scores were not available for one child in the ADHD group.</transformed-table></extracted-table><extracted-table><table-id>tbl2</table-id><table-label>Table 2</table-label><table-caption>Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD.</table-caption><table-wrap-foot>BA = Brodmann's Area, L = left, R = right. Coordinates (x, y, and z) given in mm of MNI template space.</table-wrap-foot><original-table><table-wrap xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" position="float" id="tbl2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Comparison</th><th>Brain region</th><th><italic>Z</italic> score</th><th><italic>x</italic></th><th><italic>y</italic></th><th><italic>z</italic></th><th>BA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DCD &lt; controls</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>R anterior superior temporal gyrus/planum polare</td><td>3.16</td><td>58</td><td>−4</td><td>−2</td><td>6, 22</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R frontal operculum cortex</td><td>3.0</td><td>46</td><td>16</td><td>4</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R inferior frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus</td><td>2.93</td><td>54</td><td>12</td><td>2</td><td>44, 45</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R caudate</td><td>2.88</td><td>8</td><td>10</td><td>0</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R nucleus sccumbens</td><td>2.85</td><td>10</td><td>8</td><td>−6</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L insular cortex</td><td>2.79</td><td>−40</td><td>8</td><td>−6</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L superior temporal gyrus (anterior)</td><td>2.79</td><td>−56</td><td>−14</td><td>−6</td><td>−21</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L inferior frontal gyrus/precentral</td><td>2.76</td><td>−54</td><td>10</td><td>2</td><td>13, 44</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R insular cortex</td><td>2.71</td><td>38</td><td>0</td><td>−6</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L anterior cingulate gyrus</td><td>2.71</td><td>−4</td><td>40</td><td>−4</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R pallidum</td><td>2.66</td><td>14</td><td>4</td><td>−4</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L caudate (all)</td><td>2.66</td><td>−14</td><td>14</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Paracingulate gyrus/superior frontal gyrus</td><td>2.56</td><td>0</td><td>48</td><td>28</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R putamen (ventral)</td><td>2.53</td><td>28</td><td>8</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td>ADHD &lt; controls</td><td>R parietal operculum</td><td>2.53</td><td>52</td><td>−32</td><td>22</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R parietal operculum cortex/supramarginal gyrus</td><td>3.69</td><td>60</td><td>−26</td><td>28</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R auditory cortex/insular cortex</td><td>3.58</td><td>46</td><td>−10</td><td>0</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Frontal eye fields</td><td>3.29</td><td>0</td><td>30</td><td>40</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L pallidum</td><td>3.28</td><td>−18</td><td>−4</td><td>−8</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R inferior frontal gyrus</td><td>3.26</td><td>48</td><td>14</td><td>30</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L angular/supramarginal gyri</td><td>3.26</td><td>−54</td><td>−52</td><td>22</td><td>22, 39, 40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L supramarginal gyrus</td><td>3.21</td><td>−48</td><td>−40</td><td>34</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Brainstem</td><td>3.17</td><td>−2</td><td>−28</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L amygdala</td><td>2.97</td><td>−20</td><td>−6</td><td>−10</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L insular cortex</td><td>2.96</td><td>−42</td><td>−6</td><td>−2</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L inferior frontal gyrus</td><td>2.89</td><td>−44</td><td>32</td><td>2</td><td>45, 47</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R anterior cingulate gyrus</td><td>2.88</td><td>−8</td><td>18</td><td>34</td><td>24, 32</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L putamen</td><td>2.71</td><td>−28</td><td>−12</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R putamen, pallidum</td><td>2.67</td><td>20</td><td>4</td><td>6</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L middle frontal gyrus</td><td>2.66</td><td>−38</td><td>10</td><td>40</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>DCD + ADHD &lt; controls</td><td>L pallidum</td><td>3.55</td><td>−18</td><td>−6</td><td>−8</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R postcentral gyrus</td><td>3.49</td><td>64</td><td>−8</td><td>26</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R motor cortex</td><td>3.32</td><td>62</td><td>2</td><td>26</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L supramarginal gyrus (anterior)</td><td>2.96</td><td>−56</td><td>−26</td><td>38</td><td>2, 40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L putamen/pallidum (dorsal)</td><td>2.85</td><td>−26</td><td>−14</td><td>6</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L amygdala</td><td>2.79</td><td>−20</td><td>−8</td><td>−12</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L postcentral gyrus</td><td>2.71</td><td>−56</td><td>−16</td><td>34</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>DCD + ADHD &gt; controls</td><td>Lingual gyrus</td><td>3.46</td><td>0</td><td>−72</td><td>−2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L lingual gyrus</td><td>3.41</td><td>−4</td><td>−84</td><td>−16</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L frontopolar cortex</td><td>3.22</td><td>−26</td><td>64</td><td>8</td><td>10</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>BA = Brodmann's Area, L = left, R = right. Coordinates (<italic>x</italic>, <italic>y</italic>, and <italic>z</italic>) given in mm of MNI template space.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></original-table><transformed-table>Table 2<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="caption">Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD + ADHD.</div><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="table"><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Comparison</th><th>Brain region</th><th>Z score</th><th>x</th><th>y</th><th>z</th><th>BA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>DCD &lt; controls</td><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>R anterior superior temporal gyrus/planum polare</td><td>3.16</td><td>58</td><td>−4</td><td>−2</td><td>6, 22</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R frontal operculum cortex</td><td>3.0</td><td>46</td><td>16</td><td>4</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R inferior frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus</td><td>2.93</td><td>54</td><td>12</td><td>2</td><td>44, 45</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R caudate</td><td>2.88</td><td>8</td><td>10</td><td>0</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R nucleus sccumbens</td><td>2.85</td><td>10</td><td>8</td><td>−6</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L insular cortex</td><td>2.79</td><td>−40</td><td>8</td><td>−6</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L superior temporal gyrus (anterior)</td><td>2.79</td><td>−56</td><td>−14</td><td>−6</td><td>−21</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L inferior frontal gyrus/precentral</td><td>2.76</td><td>−54</td><td>10</td><td>2</td><td>13, 44</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R insular cortex</td><td>2.71</td><td>38</td><td>0</td><td>−6</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L anterior cingulate gyrus</td><td>2.71</td><td>−4</td><td>40</td><td>−4</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R pallidum</td><td>2.66</td><td>14</td><td>4</td><td>−4</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>L caudate (all)</td><td>2.66</td><td>−14</td><td>14</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td/><td>Paracingulate gyrus/superior frontal gyrus</td><td>2.56</td><td>0</td><td>48</td><td>28</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R putamen (ventral)</td><td>2.53</td><td>28</td><td>8</td><td>2</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><td>ADHD &lt; controls</td><td>R parietal operculum</td><td>2.53</td><td>52</td><td>−32</td><td>22</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R parietal operculum cortex/supramarginal gyrus</td><td>3.69</td><td>60</td><td>−26</td><td>28</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><td/><td>R auditory cortex/insular cortex</td><td>3.58</td><td>46</td><td>−10</td><td>0</td><td>13</td></tr><tr>

analyses.jsonl (prompt-appended rows)
J1: {"name": "DCD < controls", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": 58.0, "y": -4.0, "z": -2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.16, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 46.0, "y": 16.0, "z": 4.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.0, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 54.0, "y": 12.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.93, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 8.0, "y": 10.0, "z": 0.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.88, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 10.0, "y": 8.0, "z": -6.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.85, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -40.0, "y": 8.0, "z": -6.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.79, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -56.0, "y": -14.0, "z": -6.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.79, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -54.0, "y": 10.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.76, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 38.0, "y": 0.0, "z": -6.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.71, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -4.0, "y": 40.0, "z": -4.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.71, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 14.0, "y": 4.0, "z": -4.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.66, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -14.0, "y": 14.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.66, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 0.0, "y": 48.0, "z": 28.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.56, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 28.0, "y": 8.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.53, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl2", "table_number": 2, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD.", "table_footer": "BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area, L\u00a0=\u00a0left, R\u00a0=\u00a0right. Coordinates (x, y, and\u00a0z) given in mm of MNI template space.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl2", "table_label": "Table\u00a02", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_001_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_001.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl2_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl2"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J2: {"name": "ADHD < controls", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": 52.0, "y": -32.0, "z": 22.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.53, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 60.0, "y": -26.0, "z": 28.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.69, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 46.0, "y": -10.0, "z": 0.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.58, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 0.0, "y": 30.0, "z": 40.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.29, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -18.0, "y": -4.0, "z": -8.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.28, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 48.0, "y": 14.0, "z": 30.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.26, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -54.0, "y": -52.0, "z": 22.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.26, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -48.0, "y": -40.0, "z": 34.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.21, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -2.0, "y": -28.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.17, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -20.0, "y": -6.0, "z": -10.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.97, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -42.0, "y": -6.0, "z": -2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.96, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -44.0, "y": 32.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.89, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -8.0, "y": 18.0, "z": 34.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.88, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -28.0, "y": -12.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.71, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 20.0, "y": 4.0, "z": 6.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.67, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -38.0, "y": 10.0, "z": 40.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.66, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl2", "table_number": 2, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD.", "table_footer": "BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area, L\u00a0=\u00a0left, R\u00a0=\u00a0right. Coordinates (x, y, and\u00a0z) given in mm of MNI template space.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl2", "table_label": "Table\u00a02", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_001_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_001.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl2_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl2"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J3: {"name": "DCD + ADHD < controls", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": -18.0, "y": -6.0, "z": -8.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.55, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 64.0, "y": -8.0, "z": 26.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.49, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 62.0, "y": 2.0, "z": 26.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.32, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -56.0, "y": -26.0, "z": 38.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.96, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -26.0, "y": -14.0, "z": 6.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.85, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -20.0, "y": -8.0, "z": -12.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.79, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -56.0, "y": -16.0, "z": 34.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.71, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl2", "table_number": 2, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD.", "table_footer": "BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area, L\u00a0=\u00a0left, R\u00a0=\u00a0right. Coordinates (x, y, and\u00a0z) given in mm of MNI template space.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl2", "table_label": "Table\u00a02", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_001_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_001.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl2_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl2"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J4: {"name": "DCD + ADHD > controls", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": 0.0, "y": -72.0, "z": -2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.46, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -4.0, "y": -84.0, "z": -16.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.41, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -26.0, "y": 64.0, "z": 8.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.22, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl2", "table_number": 2, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting altered functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex in children with DCD, ADHD and DCD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD.", "table_footer": "BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area, L\u00a0=\u00a0left, R\u00a0=\u00a0right. Coordinates (x, y, and\u00a0z) given in mm of MNI template space.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl2", "table_label": "Table\u00a02", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_001_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_001.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl2_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl2"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J5: {"name": "DCD > ADHD", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": -32.0, "y": -30.0, "z": 54.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.7, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -2.0, "y": 44.0, "z": 40.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.67, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl3", "table_number": 3, "table_caption": "Regional difference in functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex between the DCD, ADHD and DCD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD groups.", "table_footer": "BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area, L\u00a0=\u00a0left, R\u00a0=\u00a0right. Coordinates (x, y, and\u00a0z) given in mm of MNI template space.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl3", "table_label": "Table\u00a03", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl3_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl3"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J6: {"name": "ADHD > DCD", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": 8.0, "y": 12.0, "z": -2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.33, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 52.0, "y": 44.0, "z": 4.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.01, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -56.0, "y": -2.0, "z": -10.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.98, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 48.0, "y": 20.0, "z": 16.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.79, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -56.0, "y": 10.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.72, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl3", "table_number": 3, "table_caption": "Regional difference in functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex between the DCD, ADHD and DCD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD groups.", "table_footer": "BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area, L\u00a0=\u00a0left, R\u00a0=\u00a0right. Coordinates (x, y, and\u00a0z) given in mm of MNI template space.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl3", "table_label": "Table\u00a03", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl3_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl3"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J7: {"name": "ADHD > DCD + ADHD", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": -58.0, "y": -14.0, "z": 34.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.98, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl3", "table_number": 3, "table_caption": "Regional difference in functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex between the DCD, ADHD and DCD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD groups.", "table_footer": "BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area, L\u00a0=\u00a0left, R\u00a0=\u00a0right. Coordinates (x, y, and\u00a0z) given in mm of MNI template space.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl3", "table_label": "Table\u00a03", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl3_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl3"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J8: {"name": "DCD + ADHD > ADHD", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": -28.0, "y": -12.0, "z": 70.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.91, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -12.0, "y": 20.0, "z": 36.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.12, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 54.0, "y": -24.0, "z": 24.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.99, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -28.0, "y": -30.0, "z": 56.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.94, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 18.0, "y": -72.0, "z": 40.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.73, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 4.0, "y": 32.0, "z": 28.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.66, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -10.0, "y": -72.0, "z": 30.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.6, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 54.0, "y": -52.0, "z": 32.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.59, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl3", "table_number": 3, "table_caption": "Regional difference in functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex between the DCD, ADHD and DCD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD groups.", "table_footer": "BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area, L\u00a0=\u00a0left, R\u00a0=\u00a0right. Coordinates (x, y, and\u00a0z) given in mm of MNI template space.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl3", "table_label": "Table\u00a03", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl3_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl3"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J9: {"name": "DCD + ADHD > DCD", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": -26.0, "y": -12.0, "z": 70.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.25, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 52.0, "y": 12.0, "z": 4.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.1, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -50.0, "y": -16.0, "z": 58.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.09, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -58.0, "y": 0.0, "z": -8.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.02, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -28.0, "y": 62.0, "z": 8.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.92, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 58.0, "y": -4.0, "z": -2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.86, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 54.0, "y": -22.0, "z": 20.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.75, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -8.0, "y": 14.0, "z": 0.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.62, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl3", "table_number": 3, "table_caption": "Regional difference in functional connectivity with left primary motor cortex between the DCD, ADHD and DCD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD groups.", "table_footer": "BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area, L\u00a0=\u00a0left, R\u00a0=\u00a0right. Coordinates (x, y, and\u00a0z) given in mm of MNI template space.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl3", "table_label": "Table\u00a03", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_002.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl3_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl3"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J10: {"name": "Increase with age (controls)", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": 58.0, "y": -8.0, "z": 24.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 4.24, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 28.0, "y": 28.0, "z": 58.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 4.14, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -34.0, "y": -6.0, "z": 68.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 4.08, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -46.0, "y": -22.0, "z": 46.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.41, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 40.0, "y": -2.0, "z": 64.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.36, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl4", "table_number": 4, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting a dependence of functional connectivity on age.", "table_footer": "Coordinates (x, y, and z) are given in mm of MNI template space; BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl4", "table_label": "Table\u00a04", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl4_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl4"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J11: {"name": "Decrease with age (controls)", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": -6.0, "y": -84.0, "z": -10.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.74, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 18.0, "y": -88.0, "z": 36.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.72, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -42.0, "y": -84.0, "z": 30.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.63, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 6.0, "y": 22.0, "z": 22.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.59, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 20.0, "y": 50.0, "z": 34.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.56, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl4", "table_number": 4, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting a dependence of functional connectivity on age.", "table_footer": "Coordinates (x, y, and z) are given in mm of MNI template space; BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl4", "table_label": "Table\u00a04", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl4_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl4"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J12: {"name": "Increase with age (DCD)", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": -4.0, "y": 62.0, "z": 10.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.19, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -8.0, "y": -70.0, "z": 36.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.85, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 12.0, "y": 48.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.69, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl4", "table_number": 4, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting a dependence of functional connectivity on age.", "table_footer": "Coordinates (x, y, and z) are given in mm of MNI template space; BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl4", "table_label": "Table\u00a04", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl4_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl4"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J13: {"name": "Decrease with age (DCD)", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": -24.0, "y": -74.0, "z": -14.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.28, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -20.0, "y": -92.0, "z": -16.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.2, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 22.0, "y": -22.0, "z": 58.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.0, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -10.0, "y": -4.0, "z": 50.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.96, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -4.0, "y": -88.0, "z": 4.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.77, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 4.0, "y": -18.0, "z": 4.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.73, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl4", "table_number": 4, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting a dependence of functional connectivity on age.", "table_footer": "Coordinates (x, y, and z) are given in mm of MNI template space; BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl4", "table_label": "Table\u00a04", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl4_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl4"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J14: {"name": "Increase with age (ADHD)", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": 20.0, "y": 52.0, "z": 24.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 4.17, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -8.0, "y": 48.0, "z": 22.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.95, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 70.0, "y": -26.0, "z": 2.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.94, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -38.0, "y": -24.0, "z": 8.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.88, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -18.0, "y": 62.0, "z": 20.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.85, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 0.0, "y": -10.0, "z": -12.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.78, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 56.0, "y": -54.0, "z": -12.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.68, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -40.0, "y": -64.0, "z": 4.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.63, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -30.0, "y": -46.0, "z": -16.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.49, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 48.0, "y": 36.0, "z": 18.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.42, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 24.0, "y": -64.0, "z": 16.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.24, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 40.0, "y": -4.0, "z": 12.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.19, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -16.0, "y": -64.0, "z": 12.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.03, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl4", "table_number": 4, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting a dependence of functional connectivity on age.", "table_footer": "Coordinates (x, y, and z) are given in mm of MNI template space; BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl4", "table_label": "Table\u00a04", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl4_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl4"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J15: {"name": "Decrease with age (ADHD)", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": -58.0, "y": -54.0, "z": 26.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.76, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 8.0, "y": 12.0, "z": 38.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.45, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -32.0, "y": -76.0, "z": 52.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.29, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -10.0, "y": -14.0, "z": 68.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.11, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": -38.0, "y": 32.0, "z": 42.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.82, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 62.0, "y": -44.0, "z": 32.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 2.81, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl4", "table_number": 4, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting a dependence of functional connectivity on age.", "table_footer": "Coordinates (x, y, and z) are given in mm of MNI template space; BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl4", "table_label": "Table\u00a04", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl4_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl4"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}
J16: {"name": "Decrease with age (DCD + ADHD)", "description": null, "coordinates": [{"x": 66.0, "y": -52.0, "z": 30.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 5.16, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}, {"x": 52.0, "y": -12.0, "z": -12.0, "space": "MNI", "statistic_value": 3.96, "statistic_type": "T", "cluster_size": null, "cluster_measure": null, "is_subpeak": false, "is_deactivation": false, "is_seed": false}], "contrasts": [], "images": [], "table_id": "tbl4", "table_number": 4, "table_caption": "Regions exhibiting a dependence of functional connectivity on age.", "table_footer": "Coordinates (x, y, and z) are given in mm of MNI template space; BA\u00a0=\u00a0Brodmann's Area.", "metadata": {"table_metadata": {"table_id": "tbl4", "table_label": "Table\u00a04", "info_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003_info.json", "data_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/original/fmri_title_abstract/query_953be51911e9f62884cbc03b0ac4f919/articles/65f/pmcid_3984446/tables/table_003.csv", "coordinates_path": "/data/alejandro/projects/ns-pond/source/mega-ni-dataset/pubget_searches/extracted/24818082-10-1016-j-nicl-2014-03-010-pmc3984446/tables/tbl4_coordinates.csv"}, "sanitized_table_id": "tbl4"}, "coordinate_space": "MNI"}