diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Cache/Timestamper.cs b/src/NHibernate/Cache/Timestamper.cs
index 86d5ddfaae9..a960041861d 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Cache/Timestamper.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Cache/Timestamper.cs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace NHibernate.Cache
 	/// Not valid across multiple application domains. Identifiers are not necessarily
 	/// strictly increasing, but usually are.
 	///	</remarks>
-	public sealed class Timestamper
+	public static class Timestamper
 	{
 		private static object lockObject = new object();
 
@@ -47,9 +47,5 @@ public static long Next()
 				return time + counter;
 			}
 		}
-
-		private Timestamper()
-		{
-		}
 	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Connection/ConnectionProviderFactory.cs b/src/NHibernate/Connection/ConnectionProviderFactory.cs
index 1c4550c2d55..f6d247c8b56 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Connection/ConnectionProviderFactory.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Connection/ConnectionProviderFactory.cs
@@ -9,16 +9,11 @@ namespace NHibernate.Connection
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Instanciates a connection provider given configuration properties.
 	/// </summary>
-	public sealed class ConnectionProviderFactory
+	public static class ConnectionProviderFactory
 	{
 		private static readonly IInternalLogger log = LoggerProvider.LoggerFor(typeof(ConnectionProviderFactory));
 
 		// cannot be instantiated
-		private ConnectionProviderFactory()
-		{
-			throw new InvalidOperationException("ConnectionProviderFactory can not be instantiated.");
-		}
-
 		public static IConnectionProvider NewConnectionProvider(IDictionary<string, string> settings)
 		{
 			IConnectionProvider connections;
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Engine/JoinHelper.cs b/src/NHibernate/Engine/JoinHelper.cs
index ce8e00aaec3..34922bc04eb 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Engine/JoinHelper.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Engine/JoinHelper.cs
@@ -4,12 +4,8 @@
 
 namespace NHibernate.Engine
 {
-	public sealed class JoinHelper
+	public static class JoinHelper
 	{
-		private JoinHelper()
-		{
-		}
-
 		public static ILhsAssociationTypeSqlInfo GetLhsSqlInfo(string alias, int property,
 																										IOuterJoinLoadable lhsPersister, IMapping mapping)
 		{
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Engine/UnsavedValueFactory.cs b/src/NHibernate/Engine/UnsavedValueFactory.cs
index 2e4fe20c041..1f9b3cfed4c 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Engine/UnsavedValueFactory.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Engine/UnsavedValueFactory.cs
@@ -5,12 +5,8 @@
 
 namespace NHibernate.Engine
 {
-	public sealed class UnsavedValueFactory
+	public static class UnsavedValueFactory
 	{
-		private UnsavedValueFactory()
-		{
-		}
-
 		private static readonly object[] NoParameters = new object[0];
 
 		private static object Instantiate(ConstructorInfo constructor)
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Id/IdentifierGeneratorFactory.cs b/src/NHibernate/Id/IdentifierGeneratorFactory.cs
index 2733179ac72..0a44738fdaa 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Id/IdentifierGeneratorFactory.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Id/IdentifierGeneratorFactory.cs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace NHibernate.Id
 	///		</item>
 	/// </list>
 	/// </remarks>
-	public sealed class IdentifierGeneratorFactory
+	public static class IdentifierGeneratorFactory
 	{
 		private static readonly IInternalLogger log = LoggerProvider.LoggerFor(typeof (IdentifierGeneratorFactory));
 
@@ -180,11 +180,6 @@ static IdentifierGeneratorFactory()
 			idgenerators.Add("enhanced-table", typeof(Enhanced.TableGenerator));
 		}
 
-		private IdentifierGeneratorFactory()
-		{
-			//cannot be instantiated
-		}
-
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Creates an <see cref="IIdentifierGenerator"/> from the named strategy.
 		/// </summary>
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Impl/MessageHelper.cs b/src/NHibernate/Impl/MessageHelper.cs
index 706ec6c3a4b..86c43851ad9 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Impl/MessageHelper.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Impl/MessageHelper.cs
@@ -12,13 +12,8 @@ namespace NHibernate.Impl
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Helper methods for rendering log messages and exception messages
 	/// </summary>
-	public sealed class MessageHelper
+	public static class MessageHelper
 	{
-		private MessageHelper()
-		{
-			// should not be created	
-		}
-
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Generate small message that can be used in traces and exception messages.
 		/// </summary>
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Persister/PersisterFactory.cs b/src/NHibernate/Persister/PersisterFactory.cs
index 0d707eea2a4..1231d4181f9 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Persister/PersisterFactory.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Persister/PersisterFactory.cs
@@ -13,15 +13,11 @@ namespace NHibernate.Persister
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Factory for <c>IEntityPersister</c> and <c>ICollectionPersister</c> instances.
 	/// </summary>
-	public sealed class PersisterFactory
+	public static class PersisterFactory
 	{
 		//TODO: make ClassPersisters *not* depend on ISessionFactoryImplementor
 		// interface, if possible
 
-		private PersisterFactory()
-		{
-		}
-
 		private static readonly System.Type[] PersisterConstructorArgs = new System.Type[]
 			{
 				typeof(PersistentClass),
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Properties/PropertyAccessorFactory.cs b/src/NHibernate/Properties/PropertyAccessorFactory.cs
index f598a376b4f..f7e4ee328a6 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Properties/PropertyAccessorFactory.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Properties/PropertyAccessorFactory.cs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace NHibernate.Properties
 	/// <summary>
 	/// Factory for creating the various PropertyAccessor strategies.
 	/// </summary>
-	public sealed class PropertyAccessorFactory
+	public static class PropertyAccessorFactory
 	{
 		private static readonly IDictionary<string, IPropertyAccessor> accessors;
 		private const string DefaultAccessorName = "property";
@@ -45,10 +45,6 @@ static PropertyAccessorFactory()
 			accessors["none"] = new NoopAccessor();
 		}
 
-		private PropertyAccessorFactory()
-		{
-		}
-
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Gets or creates the <see cref="IPropertyAccessor" /> specified by the type.
 		/// </summary>
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/SqlCommand/Template.cs b/src/NHibernate/SqlCommand/Template.cs
index 59303d5f75f..7535f5723d1 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/SqlCommand/Template.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/SqlCommand/Template.cs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace NHibernate.SqlCommand
 {
-	public sealed class Template
+	public static class Template
 	{
 		private static readonly HashSet<string> Keywords = new HashSet<string>();
 		private static readonly HashSet<string> BeforeTableKeywords = new HashSet<string>();
@@ -62,10 +62,6 @@ static Template()
 
 		public static readonly string Placeholder = "$PlaceHolder$";
 
-		private Template()
-		{
-		}
-
 		public static string RenderWhereStringTemplate(string sqlWhereString, Dialect.Dialect dialect,
 		                                               SQLFunctionRegistry functionRegistry)
 		{
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Transform/Transformers.cs b/src/NHibernate/Transform/Transformers.cs
index 61b72299795..f6d2a6172cf 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Transform/Transformers.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Transform/Transformers.cs
@@ -2,12 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace NHibernate.Transform
 {
-	public sealed class Transformers
+	public static class Transformers
 	{
-		private Transformers()
-		{
-		}
-
 		/// <summary>
 		/// Each row of results is a map (<see cref="IDictionary" />) from alias to values/entities
 		/// </summary>
diff --git a/src/NHibernate/Util/CollectionPrinter.cs b/src/NHibernate/Util/CollectionPrinter.cs
index 389cd0e2a21..7e82d222a3f 100644
--- a/src/NHibernate/Util/CollectionPrinter.cs
+++ b/src/NHibernate/Util/CollectionPrinter.cs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace NHibernate.Util
 	/// To print collections of entities or typed values, use
 	/// <see cref="NHibernate.Impl.Printer" />.
 	/// </remarks>
-	public sealed class CollectionPrinter
+	public static class CollectionPrinter
 	{
 		private static void AppendNullOrValue(StringBuilder builder, object value)
 		{