chore(meta): add Cloudflare docs (#8023)

* chore(meta): add Cloudflare docs

Add (back) some documentation regarding the Cloudflare build, including information
about ids, accounts used, skew protection, etc...

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Aviv Keller <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Dario Piotrowicz <[email protected]>

* remove unnecessary information

---------

Signed-off-by: Dario Piotrowicz <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Aviv Keller <[email protected]>

Author: dario-piotrowicz

docs/README.md

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ New to contributing? Start here:
 - **[Technologies](./technologies.md)** - Overview of the tech stack and architecture decisions
 - **[Downloads Page](./downloads-page.md)** - How to add installation methods and package managers
 - **[Package Publishing](./package-publishing.md)** - Guidelines for publishing packages in our monorepo
+- **[Cloudflare build and deployment](./cloudflare-build-and-deployment.md)** - Overview and useful information about the Cloudflare build and deployment
 
 ## For Collaborators
 

docs/cloudflare-build-and-deployment.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Cloudflare Build and Deployment
+
+The Node.js Website can be built using the [OpenNext Cloudflare adapter](https://opennext.js.org/cloudflare). Such build generates a [Cloudflare Worker](https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/developer-platform/products/workers/) that can be deployed on the [Cloudflare](https://www.cloudflare.com) network.
+
+## Configurations
+
+There are two key configuration files related to Cloudflare deployments:
+
+### Wrangler Configuration
+
+This file defines the settings for the Cloudflare Worker, which serves the website.
+
+For more details, refer to the [Wrangler documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/configuration/).
+
+Key configurations include:
+
+- `main`: Points to the worker generated by the OpenNext adapter.
+- `account_id`: Specifies the Cloudflare account ID. This is not required for local previews but is necessary for deployments. You can obtain an account ID for free by signing up at [dash.cloudflare.com](https://dash.cloudflare.com/login).
+  - This is currently set to `fb4a2d0f103c6ff38854ac69eb709272`, which is the ID of a Cloudflare account controlled by Node.js, and used for testing.
+- `build`: Defines the build command to generate the Node.js filesystem polyfills required for the application to run on Cloudflare Workers. This uses the [`@flarelabs/wrangler-build-time-fs-assets-polyfilling`](https://github.com/flarelabs-net/wrangler-build-time-fs-assets-polyfilling) package.
+- `alias`: Maps aliases for the Node.js filesystem polyfills generated during the build process.
+- `kv_namespaces`: Contains a single KV binding definition for `NEXT_INC_CACHE_KV`. This is used to implement the Next.js incremental cache.
+  - This is currently set up to a KV in the aforementioned Cloudflare testing account.
+
+### OpenNext Configuration
+
+This is the configuration for the OpenNext Cloudflare adapter.
+
+For more details, refer to the [official OpenNext documentation](https://opennext.js.org/cloudflare/get-started#4-add-an-open-nextconfigts-file).
+
+### Skew Protection
+
+While Vercel offers [version skew protection](https://vercel.com/docs/skew-protection) out of the box, such mechanism is not present on the platform level in the Cloudflare network.
+
+Therefore, the OpenNext adapter provides its [own implementation](https://opennext.js.org/cloudflare/howtos/skew).
+
+The OpenNext skew protection requires the following environment variables to be set in the Wrangler configuration file:
+
+- `CF_WORKER_NAME`
+  - The name of the worker (the same as `name`)
+- `CF_ACCOUNT_ID`
+  - The ID of the Cloudflare account (the same as `account_id`)
+- `CF_PREVIEW_DOMAIN`
+  - The preview domain for the worker. For Node.js, this is `nodejsorg`.
+
+Additionally, when deploying, an extra `CF_WORKERS_SCRIPTS_API_TOKEN` environment variable needs to be set to an API token that has the `Workers Scripts:Read` permission available on the Worker's account.
+
+## Scripts
+
+Preview and deployment of the website targeting the Cloudflare network is implemented via the following two commands:
+
+- `pnpm cloudflare:preview` builds the website using the OpenNext Cloudflare adapter and runs the website locally in a server simulating the Cloudflare hosting (using the [Wrangler CLI](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/))
+- `pnpm cloudflare:deploy` builds the website using the OpenNext Cloudflare adapter and deploys the website to the Cloudflare network (using the [Wrangler CLI](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/))