fix: backport linked strategy fixes from multiple PRs to v10 (#9011)

This contains the changes from

- a2154cd (#8996)
- 880ecb7 (#9013)
- 26fa40e (#9041)
- 983742b (#9055)
- 10d5302 (#9051)
- a29aeee (#9028)
- 16fbe13 (#9030)
- 8614b2a (#9031)

Since Node 22 doesn't have npm 11 yet, it would be better to have this
change backported to v10


Also, we wish to use `install-strategy=linked` in the [Gutenberg
monorepo](WordPress/gutenberg#75814), which
powers the WordPress Block Editor. We are still on v10. So, these fixes
will help.

Author: manzoorwanijk

DEPENDENCIES.md

@@ -601,6 +601,7 @@ graph LR;
   npmcli-arborist-->proggy;
   npmcli-arborist-->promise-all-reject-late;
   npmcli-arborist-->promise-call-limit;
+  npmcli-arborist-->promise-retry;
   npmcli-arborist-->read-package-json-fast;
   npmcli-arborist-->semver;
   npmcli-arborist-->ssri;

package-lock.json

@@ -17922,6 +17922,7 @@
         "proggy": "^3.0.0",
         "promise-all-reject-late": "^1.0.0",
         "promise-call-limit": "^3.0.1",
+        "promise-retry": "^2.0.1",
         "read-package-json-fast": "^4.0.0",
         "semver": "^7.3.7",
         "ssri": "^12.0.0",