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Dependency Resolution Architecture

Unified facade over package-manager strategies. Each dependency is declared once in cmake/deps/packages/<Name>.cmake; the resolver picks the acquisition strategy per -DDEPS_MODE.

find_dependency_unified(OnnxRuntime REQUIRED)
   └→ chain: apt → conan → vcpkg → provided  (first handler that can_resolve wins)
      └→ Deps::OnnxRuntime  (INTERFACE target; consumer just links it)

Strategies

strategy activation acquires via
apt (default) always find_package / pkg_check_modules (system packages)
conan CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=conan_toolchain.cmake or -DDEPS_CONAN_DIR=<dir> Conan 2 CMakeDeps find_package
vcpkg CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=vcpkg.cmake vcpkg manifest mode find_package (CONFIG + MODULE)
provided always (fallback) DOWNLOAD (pinned URL), VENDORED (third_party/), FETCHCONTENT (git clone), ROOT (user path)

DEPS_MODE=auto chains all four. Each strategy auto-detects whether it's active (toolchain file or output dir), so default builds never trigger conan/vcpkg.

Module layout

cmake/deps/
├── Deps.cmake                    facade + public options
├── PackageManager.cmake          registry, chain driver, builder, lockfile
├── strategies/
│   ├── AptPackageManager.cmake       find_package / pkg_check_modules
│   ├── ConanPackageManager.cmake     CMakeDeps find_package (+ CMakeDeps-only mode)
│   ├── VcpkgPackageManager.cmake     manifest mode find_package
│   └── ProvidedPackageManager.cmake  download / vendored / fetchcontent / root
└── packages/                    one file per dependency (the catalog)
    ├── OnnxRuntime.cmake  TensorRT.cmake  ExecuTorch.cmake  OpenCV.cmake
    ├── FFmpeg.cmake  SDL2.cmake  Threads.cmake  GTest.cmake
    └── GoogleBenchmark.cmake  stb.cmake  font8x8.cmake

Patterns: Facade (find_dependency_unified), Strategy (per-ecosystem), Chain of Responsibility (deps_resolve), Registry (deps_declare), Builder (deps_build_target → Deps::<Name>).

Catalog declaration

Flat key/value — one deps_declare per dependency:

deps_declare(OnnxRuntime
    REQUIRED            TRUE
    DEFINITIONS         USE_ONNX_RUNTIME
    APT                 OFF
    PROVIDED_ACQUIRE    DOWNLOAD
    PROVIDED_URL        "https://github.com/microsoft/onnxruntime/releases/download/v1.21.0/onnxruntime-linux-x64-1.21.0.tgz"
    PROVIDED_VERSION    "1.21.0"
    PROVIDED_SUBDIR     "onnxruntime-linux-x64-1.21.0"
    PROVIDED_INCLUDE    "include"
    PROVIDED_LIBRARY    "lib/libonnxruntime.so.1.21.0"
    PROVIDED_HEADER_GUARD "include/onnxruntime_cxx_api.h"
    PROVIDED_RUNTIME_LIBS "lib/libonnxruntime.so.1.21.0"
    PROVIDED_ROOT_CACHE "ONNXRUNTIME_ROOTDIR"
    PROVIDED_ROOT_VARS  "ONNXRUNTIME_ROOTDIR;OnnxRuntime_ROOT"
)

To add a conan/vcpkg coordinate: add CONAN_FIND/CONAN_TARGETS or VCPKG_FIND/VCPKG_TARGETS to the catalog entry, and add the package to conanfile.txt or vcpkg.json.

Install-prefix first, source build as fallback

A dependency can prefer an existing install prefix and fall back to building from source without any new precedence logic, by mapping onto the standard apt;provided chain — the apt link runs find_package(<name> CONFIG), and provided only runs if that misses. ExecuTorch uses this:

deps_declare(ExecuTorch
    DEFINITIONS              USE_EXECUTORCH
    APT                      ON
    APT_METHOD               FIND_PACKAGE      # 1st: find_package(executorch CONFIG)
    APT_FIND_NAME            executorch
    APT_IMPORTED_TARGETS     "executorch;extension_module_static;..."
    PROVIDED_ACQUIRE         FETCHCONTENT      # 2nd: clone + build from source
    PROVIDED_FC_REPO         "https://github.com/pytorch/executorch.git"
    PROVIDED_FC_TAG          "v1.3.1"
    PROVIDED_FC_SUBMODULES   RECURSE
    PROVIDED_FC_OPTIONS      "EXECUTORCH_BUILD_XNNPACK=ON;..."
)

CMakeLists.txt puts EXECUTORCH_ROOTDIR on CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH so the find_package link can see a user-supplied prefix.

FetchContent build configuration

Two keys let a FETCHCONTENT dependency configure its own build — both are additive and unused by the existing GTest / GoogleBenchmark entries:

key effect
PROVIDED_FC_OPTIONS NAME=VALUE list seeded into the CMake cache before FetchContent_MakeAvailable. Set without FORCE, so an explicit -DNAME=... on the command line still wins. A malformed entry is a FATAL_ERROR, not a silent skip.
PROVIDED_FC_SUBMODULES RECURSE passes GIT_SUBMODULES_RECURSE TRUE to FetchContent_Declare (requires CMake 3.17+).

Dependency mapping

dependency apt mode conan mode vcpkg mode
ONNX Runtime 1.21.0 provided-download provided-download provided-download
TensorRT 10.13.3.9 provided-download provided-download provided-download
ExecuTorch v1.3.1 apt-find_package, else provided-FetchContent same same
OpenCV apt conan vcpkg (slow)
FFmpeg apt conan vcpkg
SDL2 apt conan vcpkg
Threads apt apt (fallback) apt (fallback)
GTest provided-FetchContent conan vcpkg
Google Benchmark provided-FetchContent conan-ready vcpkg-ready
stb, font8x8 provided-vendored provided-vendored provided-vendored

ONNX Runtime/TensorRT stay provided-download (registries have wrong versions or are absent). ExecuTorch is not in conan or vcpkg either, so both modes fall through to the same find_package-then-FetchContent path as apt mode. OpenCV and FFmpeg are mutually exclusive (USE_OPENCV option); each conan graph resolves independently. In conan and vcpkg modes, apt is chained as a fallback for system packages (Threads).

Options

option default effect
DEPS_MODE apt apt conan vcpkg auto
DEPS_CONAN_DIR (empty) CMakeDeps-only mode (no toolchain, keeps system compiler)
DEPS_OFFLINE OFF ROOT lookups only (no network)
DEPS_PROVIDED_DIR <build>/_deps download extraction dir
DEPS_DEBUG OFF log resolution decisions
<NAME>_ROOT (user) per-dep override

Lockfile

deps.lock.json is written to ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR} at configure end, recording which handler + version resolved each dependency:

{"dependencies":{"OnnxRuntime":{"handler":"provided","version":"1.21.0"},...}}

Conan CMakeDeps-only mode

Consumes ConanCenter prebuilt binaries (e.g. gcc11/cpp17) with the system compiler (e.g. gcc13), without the conan toolchain overriding CC/CXX:

conan install . -pr gcc11-bin -of=build/conan-deps -g=CMakeDeps
cmake -S . -B build -DDEPS_MODE=auto -DDEPS_CONAN_DIR=build/conan-deps