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Merge pull request #1404 from LoneMeertens/issue1389_DetailedHouse
Issue1389 detailed house
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‎IDEAS/Examples/Tutorial/DetailedHouse/DetailedHouse1.mo‎

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within IDEAS.Examples.Tutorial.DetailedHouse;
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model DetailedHouse1 "First example model of a one-zone building"
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extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
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package MediumAir = IDEAS.Media.Air "Air medium";
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parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Length l=8 "Zone length";
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parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Length w=4 "Zone width";
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parameter Modelica.Units.SI.Length h=zon.hZone "Zone height (Default)";
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// SimInfoManager must be 'inner' at the top level
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inner IDEAS.BoundaryConditions.SimInfoManager sim
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annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,80},{-80,100}})));
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.Zone zon(
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redeclare package Medium = MediumAir,
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nSurf=7,
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V=l*h*w)
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"Zone model" annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-20,0},{0,20}})));
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.OuterWall outWalWes(
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redeclare IDEAS.Buildings.Validation.Data.Constructions.HeavyWall
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constructionType,
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inc=IDEAS.Types.Tilt.Wall,
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azi=IDEAS.Types.Azimuth.W,
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A=l*h) "Western outer wall model"
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annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-60,10},{-48,30}})));
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.OuterWall outWalEas(
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redeclare IDEAS.Buildings.Validation.Data.Constructions.HeavyWall
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constructionType,
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inc=IDEAS.Types.Tilt.Wall,
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azi=IDEAS.Types.Azimuth.E,
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A=l*h) "Eastern outer wall model"
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annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{40,0},{28,20}})));
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.OuterWall outWalNor(
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redeclare IDEAS.Buildings.Validation.Data.Constructions.HeavyWall
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constructionType,
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inc=IDEAS.Types.Tilt.Wall,
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azi=IDEAS.Types.Azimuth.N,
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A=w*h) "Northern outer wall model"
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annotation (Placement(transformation(
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extent={{6,-10},{-6,10}},
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rotation=90,
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origin={-10,54})));
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.OuterWall outWalSou(
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redeclare IDEAS.Buildings.Validation.Data.Constructions.HeavyWall
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constructionType,
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inc=IDEAS.Types.Tilt.Wall,
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azi=IDEAS.Types.Azimuth.S,
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A=w*h - win.A) "Southern outer wall model"
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annotation (Placement(transformation(
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extent={{-6,-10},{6,10}},
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rotation=90,
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origin={-10,-34})));
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.Window win(
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inc=IDEAS.Types.Tilt.Wall,
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A=3*1.4,
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azi=IDEAS.Types.Azimuth.S,
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redeclare IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Glazing.Ins2Ar2020 glazing)
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"Window model" annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-6,-10},{6,10}},
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rotation=0,
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origin={-54,-10})));
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.SlabOnGround slaOnGro(
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redeclare IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Constructions.FloorOnGround constructionType,
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inc=IDEAS.Types.Tilt.Floor,
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azi=IDEAS.Types.Azimuth.S,
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A=l*w) "Floor model" annotation (Placement(transformation(
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extent={{-6,-11},{6,11}},
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rotation=90,
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origin={30,-35})));
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.OuterWall cei(
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redeclare IDEAS.Buildings.Validation.Data.Constructions.LightRoof
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constructionType,
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inc=IDEAS.Types.Tilt.Ceiling,
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A=w*l) "Ceiling model" annotation (Placement(transformation(
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extent={{6,-10},{-6,10}},
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rotation=90,
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origin={30,54})));
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equation
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connect(outWalWes.propsBus_a, zon.propsBus[1]) annotation (Line(
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points={{-49,22},{-30,22},{-30,14},{-20,14},{-20,13.1429}},
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color={255,204,51},
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thickness=0.5));
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connect(zon.propsBus[2], outWalNor.propsBus_a) annotation (Line(
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points={{-20,13.4286},{-22,13.4286},{-22,30},{-12,30},{-12,49}},
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color={255,204,51},
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thickness=0.5));
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connect(zon.propsBus[3], outWalEas.propsBus_a) annotation (Line(
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points={{-20,13.7143},{-20,14},{-22,14},{-22,30},{20,30},{20,12},{29,12}},
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color={255,204,51},
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thickness=0.5));
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connect(outWalSou.propsBus_a, zon.propsBus[4]) annotation (Line(
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points={{-12,-29},{-12,-10},{-20,-10},{-20,14}},
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color={255,204,51},
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thickness=0.5));
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connect(win.propsBus_a, zon.propsBus[5]) annotation (Line(
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points={{-49,-8},{-30,-8},{-30,14},{-20,14},{-20,14.2857}},
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color={255,204,51},
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thickness=0.5));
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connect(slaOnGro.propsBus_a, zon.propsBus[6]) annotation (Line(
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points={{27.8,-30},{28,-30},{28,-10},{-20,-10},{-20,14.5714}},
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color={255,204,51},
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thickness=0.5));
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connect(cei.propsBus_a, zon.propsBus[7]) annotation (Line(
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points={{28,49},{28,30},{-22,30},{-22,14.8571},{-20,14.8571}},
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color={255,204,51},
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thickness=0.5));
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annotation (
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Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false)),
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Diagram(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false)),
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experiment(
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StartTime=10000000,
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StopTime=11000000,
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__Dymola_NumberOfIntervals=5000,
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Tolerance=1e-06,
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__Dymola_Algorithm="Dassl"),
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__Dymola_Commands(file=
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"Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Examples/Tutorial/DetailedHouse/DetailedHouse1.mos"
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"Simulate and plot"),
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Documentation(info="<html>
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<p>
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This first example instantiates a simple building model that consists of one zone, four walls,
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a window, a floor and a ceiling. The zone dimensions are <i>8 m</i> (with walls oriented
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north and south) by <i>4 m</i>, and the window measures <i>3 m</i> by <i>1.4 m</i>. Use the default
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zone height of <i>2.8 m</i>. Apply double glazing and a heavy wall, which provide high thermal mass.
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</p>
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<h4>Required models</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<a href=\"modelica://IDEAS.BoundaryConditions.SimInfoManager\">
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IDEAS.BoundaryConditions.SimInfoManager</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href=\"modelica://IDEAS.Buildings.Components.Zone\">
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.Zone</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href=\"modelica://IDEAS.Buildings.Components.OuterWall\">
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.OuterWall</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href=\"modelica://IDEAS.Buildings.Components.Window\">
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.Window</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href=\"modelica://IDEAS.Buildings.Components.SlabOnGround\">
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IDEAS.Buildings.Components.SlabOnGround</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Connection instructions</h4>
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<p>
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Each yellow bus connector of a surface (<code>Window</code>, <code>OuterWall</code>
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or <code>SlabOnGround</code>) has to be connected to exactly one zone bus connector.
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To support multiple connections, the zone has an array of bus connectors with size
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<code>nSurf</code>, where <code>nSurf</code> is a parameter of <code>Zone</code>,
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which has to be set by the user. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure that each
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element of this array is connected to exactly one surface and that there is a total
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of <code>nSurf</code> connections to the zone.
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</p>
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<p>
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In addition to connecting each surface, the parameters of each component have to be set. Components typically
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have many default values that are appropriate for many purposes. When a parameter does not have a default
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value, it must be set by the user. Notable examples are the dimensions and orientation of the zone, walls
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and windows. The surface orientation can be set using the parameters <code>incOpt</code>, which automatically sets the
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inclination depending on the type of outer wall (wall, floor, ceiling), and <code>aziOpt</code>, which automatically sets the
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azimuth (north, east, south, west). Furthermore, the zone Medium must be set to <a href=\"modelica://IDEAS.Media.Air\">
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IDEAS.Media.Air</a>. Glazing and wall types must also be specified. This example uses the <i>BESTEST Heavy Wall</i> for the
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walls, the <i>FloorOnGround</i> construction type for the floor, the <i>BESTEST light roof</i> for the roof and the double glazing
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type <i>Saint Gobain Planitherm</i> and a south orientation for the window.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>SimInfoManager</code> by default has the modifier <code>inner</code> in its declaration. All IDEAS building components
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have the modifier <code>outer</code> in their respective declarations of the <code>SimInfoManager</code>. This causes the component
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declarations to point towards the higher level <code>SimInfoManager</code> declaration. This way all model equations for
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the weather data have to be generated only once, instead of for each surface.
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</p>
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<h4>Reference result</h4>
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<p>
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This model is simulated with the following settings:
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</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Dassl as the solver with tolerance = 1e-06 </li>
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<li>Start time = 1e7,</li>
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<li>Stop time = 1.1e7,</li>
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<li>Number of intervals = 5000.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>
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The simulation starts 10<sup>7</sup> seconds after New Year and ends 10<sup>6</sup> seconds later, covering a period of 11.6 days.
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The figure below shows the operative zone temperature, <code>zon.TSensor</code>,
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which represents the mean of the air temperature and the mean radiative temperature of all surfaces.
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</p>
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<p align=\"center\">
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<img alt=\"Zone temperature as function of time.\"
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src=\"modelica://IDEAS/Resources/Images/Examples/Tutorial/DetailedHouse/DetailedHouse1.png\" width=\"700\"/>
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</p>
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</html>", revisions="<html>
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<ul>
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<li>
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April 14, 2025, by Anna Dell'Isola and Lone Meertens:<br/>
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Update and restructure IDEAS tutorial models.
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See <a href=\"https://github.com/open-ideas/IDEAS/issues/1374\">#1374</a>
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and <a href=\"https://github.com/open-ideas/IDEAS/issues/1389\">#1389</a>.
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</li>
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<li>
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September 18, 2019 by Filip Jorissen:<br/>
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First implementation for the IDEAS crash course.
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</li>
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</ul>
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</html>"));
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end DetailedHouse1;

‎IDEAS/Examples/Tutorial/DetailedHouse/DetailedHouse10.mo‎

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within IDEAS.Examples.Tutorial.DetailedHouse;
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model DetailedHouse10 "Speeding up the code"
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extends DetailedHouse9(
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pumSec(
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energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
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allowFlowReversal=false,
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use_riseTime=false),
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pumPri(
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energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
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allowFlowReversal=false,
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use_riseTime=false),
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pumEmi(
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energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
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allowFlowReversal=false,
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use_riseTime=false),
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recZon1(
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redeclare IDEAS.Buildings.Components.InterzonalAirFlow.n50FixedPressure interzonalAirFlow,
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redeclare HeavyWallNoWood conTypA,
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redeclare HeavyWallNoWood conTypB,
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redeclare HeavyWallNoWood conTypC,
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redeclare HeavyWallNoWood conTypD),
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recZon(
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redeclare IDEAS.Buildings.Components.InterzonalAirFlow.n50FixedPressure interzonalAirFlow,
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redeclare HeavyWallNoWood conTypA,
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redeclare HeavyWallNoWood conTypB,
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redeclare HeavyWallNoWood conTypC,
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redeclare HeavyWallNoWood conTypD),
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fanRet(
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allowFlowReversal=false,
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energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
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use_riseTime=false),
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fanSup(
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allowFlowReversal=false,
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energyDynamics=Modelica.Fluid.Types.Dynamics.SteadyState,
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use_riseTime=false),
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val(allowFlowReversal=false, from_dp=true),
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val1(allowFlowReversal=false, from_dp=true),
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rad(allowFlowReversal=false, nEle=2),
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rad1(allowFlowReversal=false, nEle=2),
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heaPum(
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allowFlowReversal1=false,
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allowFlowReversal2=false,
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from_dp1=true,
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from_dp2=true),
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senTemSup(tau=0),
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tan(allowFlowReversal=false, tau=60),
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vavSup(allowFlowReversal=false, use_strokeTime=false),
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vavRet(allowFlowReversal=false, use_strokeTime=false),
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vavSup1(allowFlowReversal=false, use_strokeTime=false),
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vavRet1(allowFlowReversal=false, use_strokeTime=false),
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hex(allowFlowReversal1=false, allowFlowReversal2=false));
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protected
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record HeavyWallNoWood "BESTEST heavy wall with idealized wood layer"
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extends IDEAS.Buildings.Data.Interfaces.Construction(
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final mats={
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IDEAS.Buildings.Validation.Data.Materials.WoodSiding(d=0),
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IDEAS.Buildings.Validation.Data.Insulation.FoamInsulation(d=0.0615),
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IDEAS.Buildings.Validation.Data.Materials.ConcreteBlock(d=0.10)});
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end HeavyWallNoWood;
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annotation (
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__Dymola_Commands(file=
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"Resources/Scripts/Dymola/Examples/Tutorial/DetailedHouse/DetailedHouse10.mos"
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"Simulate and plot"),
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experiment(
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StartTime=10000000,
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StopTime=11000000,
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__Dymola_NumberOfIntervals=5000,
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Tolerance=1e-06,
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__Dymola_fixedstepsize=20,
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__Dymola_Algorithm="Euler"),
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__Dymola_experimentFlags(
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Advanced(
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EvaluateAlsoTop=true,
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GenerateVariableDependencies=false,
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OutputModelicaCode=false),
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Evaluate=true,
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OutputCPUtime=true,
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OutputFlatModelica=false),
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Documentation(info="<html>
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<p>
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The previous examples present a rather good computational performance. However, the computation time
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can significantly increase for larger simulation time due to frequent on/off switching
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of the heat pump. This effect causes a lot of fast transients that force the solver
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to take small steps, which takes a lot of time.
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</p>
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<p>
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Fortunately, many tricks can be used to speed up the solver. The fundamental principle is to
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remove small time constants from the problem.
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The example in <a href=\"modelica://IDEAS.Examples.Tutorial.DetailedHouse.DetailedHouse10\">
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IDEAS.Examples.Tutorial.DetailedHouse.DetailedHouse10</a> implements changes
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that cause the simulation to become almost 3 times faster. By systematically removing fast time constants, the solver can be
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switched to a simpler method, such as Euler integration, with a fixed time step of 20 seconds.
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<p>
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It is important to note the trade-off between computation time and simulation
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accuracy when choosing an integration method. While the Euler method is generally
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much faster than implicit solvers such as Dassl, it is also less accurate,
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especially for stiff or highly dynamic systems. Using smaller Euler time steps
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increases simulation accuracy but also increases computation time, whereas larger
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time steps decrease computation time at the expense of accuracy. Therefore, careful
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consideration is needed when selecting the solver and time step size, balancing
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the need for speed and the desired level of accuracy in the simulation results.
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</p>
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<p>
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These are modest improvements since this small example model behaves rather well.
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However, for large models, the difference in computation time when using Euler integration
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can become a factor 1000. The modifications however require a bit of knowledge about solvers and the models
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that you are using, including some of the more advanced parameters. To learn more about this, we refer to
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[1, 2, 3].
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</p>
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<h4>References</h4>
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<ol>
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[1] F. Jorissen, M. Wetter, and L. Helsen. <i>Simulation Speed Analysis and Improvements of Modelica Models for Building Energy Simulation</i>. In 11th International Modelica Conference, Paris, 2015. doi: 10.3384/ecp1511859
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</ol>
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<ol>
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[2] F. Jorissen, M. Wetter, and L. Helsen. <i>Simplifications for hydronic system models in Modelica</i>. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 11:6, 639-654, 2018. doi: 10.1080/19401493.2017.1421263
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</ol>
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<ol>
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[3] F. Jorissen. <i>Toolchain for Optimal Control and Design of Energy Systems in Buildings</i>. PhD Thesis, KU Leuven, 2018.
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</ol>
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</html>", revisions="<html>
122+
<ul>
123+
<li>
124+
April 14, 2025, by Anna Dell'Isola and Lone Meertens:<br/>
125+
Update and restructure IDEAS tutorial models.
126+
See <a href=\"https://github.com/open-ideas/IDEAS/issues/1374\">#1374</a>
127+
and <a href=\"https://github.com/open-ideas/IDEAS/issues/1389\">#1389</a>.
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</li>
129+
<li>
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October 30, 2024, by Lucas Verleyen:<br/>
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Updates according to <a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/tree/8ed71caee72b911a1d9b5a76e6cb7ed809875e1e\">IBPSA</a>.<br/>
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See <a href=\"https://github.com/open-ideas/IDEAS/pull/1383\">#1383</a>
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(and <a href=\"https://github.com/ibpsa/modelica-ibpsa/issues/1926\">IBPSA, #1926</a>).
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</li>
135+
<li>
136+
September 18, 2019 by Filip Jorissen:<br/>
137+
First implementation for the IDEAS crash course.
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</li>
139+
</ul>
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</html>"));
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end DetailedHouse10;

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