diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 09123c7155..e29cced631 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -587,6 +587,31 @@ jobs:
         CXX_STANDARD: '23'
       run: ./ci/do_ci.sh cmake.c++23.stl.test
 
+  cmake_test_different_std_for_protobuf_and_otel_gcc:
+    name: CMake C++23 test with protobuf built with C++17 (GCC)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+      uses: step-security/harden-runner@20cf305ff2072d973412fa9b1e3a4f227bda3c76 # v2.14.0
+      with:
+        egress-policy: audit
+
+    - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      with:
+        submodules: 'recursive'
+    - name: setup
+      run: |
+        sudo -E ./ci/setup_ci_environment.sh
+    - name: install dependencies
+      env:
+        CXX_STANDARD: '17'
+      run: |
+        sudo -E ./ci/install_thirdparty.sh --install-dir /usr/local --tags-file install/cmake/third_party_latest --build-shared-libs "ON" --packages "zlib;abseil;protobuf;nlohmann-json;curl;grpc;googletest;benchmark"
+    - name: run tests
+      env:
+        CXX_STANDARD: '23'
+      run: ./ci/do_ci.sh cmake.different_std.test
+
   cmake_otprotocol_test:
     name: CMake test (with otlp-exporter)
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -1044,6 +1069,31 @@ jobs:
     - name: run otprotocol test
       run: ./ci/do_ci.ps1 cmake.exporter.otprotocol.with_async_export.test
 
+  # Test case where protobuf is built with C++17 and OpenTelemetry with C++20 on MSVC will trigger a Internal compiler error
+  # We can enable this test case when MSVC on github runner is upgraded.
+  # cmake_test_different_std_for_protobuf_and_otel_msvc:
+  #   name: CMake C++20 test with protobuf built with C++17 (MSVC)
+  #   runs-on: windows-2022
+  #   steps:
+  #   - name: Harden the runner (Audit all outbound calls)
+  #     uses: step-security/harden-runner@20cf305ff2072d973412fa9b1e3a4f227bda3c76 # v2.14.0
+  #     with:
+  #       egress-policy: audit
+  #
+  #   - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+  #     with:
+  #       submodules: 'recursive'
+  #   - name: setup
+  #     run: |
+  #       ./ci/setup_windows_ci_environment.ps1
+  #   - name: install dependencies
+  #     env:
+  #       CXX_STANDARD: '17'
+  #     run: |
+  #       pwsh -File ./ci/install_thirdparty.ps1 --install-dir "$HOME/otel-third_party" --tags-file install/cmake/third_party_latest --build-type Debug --build-shared-libs "ON" --packages "zlib;abseil;protobuf;nlohmann-json;curl;grpc;googletest;benchmark"
+  #   - name: run cmake test
+  #     run: ./ci/do_ci.ps1 cmake.different_std.test
+
   windows_bazel:
     name: Bazel Windows
     runs-on: windows-2022
diff --git a/ci/do_ci.ps1 b/ci/do_ci.ps1
index 82c70ce8ef..95c5c1013b 100644
--- a/ci/do_ci.ps1
+++ b/ci/do_ci.ps1
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ switch ($action) {
     cmake $SRC_DIR `
       -DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-windows `
       -DOPENTELEMETRY_BUILD_DLL=1 `
-     "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
+      "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
     $exit = $LASTEXITCODE
     if ($exit -ne 0) {
       exit $exit
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ switch ($action) {
       -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=20 `
       -DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-windows `
       -DOPENTELEMETRY_BUILD_DLL=1 `
-     "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
+      "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
     $exit = $LASTEXITCODE
     if ($exit -ne 0) {
       exit $exit
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ switch ($action) {
       "-C $SRC_DIR/test_common/cmake/all-options-abiv1-preview.cmake" `
       -DWITH_OPENTRACING=OFF `
       -DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-windows `      
-      "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
+    "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
     $exit = $LASTEXITCODE
     if ($exit -ne 0) {
       exit $exit
@@ -270,6 +270,35 @@ switch ($action) {
       exit $exit
     }
   }
+  "cmake.different_std.test" {
+    cd "$BUILD_DIR"
+    cmake $SRC_DIR `
+      "-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$HOME/otel-third_party" `
+      "-DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=$HOME/otel-third_party" `
+      -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug `
+      -DWITH_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW=ON `
+      -DWITH_ASYNC_EXPORT_PREVIEW=ON `
+      -DWITH_STL=CXX23 `
+      -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=23 `
+      -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON `
+      -DWITH_OTLP_GRPC=ON `
+      -DWITH_OTLP_HTTP=ON `
+      -DWITH_OTLP_FILE=ON
+    $exit = $LASTEXITCODE
+    if ($exit -ne 0) {
+      exit $exit
+    }
+    cmake --build . -j $nproc --config Debug
+    $exit = $LASTEXITCODE
+    if ($exit -ne 0) {
+      exit $exit
+    }
+    ctest -C Debug
+    $exit = $LASTEXITCODE
+    if ($exit -ne 0) {
+      exit $exit
+    }
+  }
   "cmake.build_example_plugin" {
     cd "$BUILD_DIR"
     cmake $SRC_DIR `
@@ -316,21 +345,22 @@ switch ($action) {
     cd "$BUILD_DIR"
 
     if (Test-Path Env:\CXX_STANDARD) {
-        $CXX_STANDARD = [int](Get-Item Env:\CXX_STANDARD).Value
-    } else {
-        $CXX_STANDARD = 17
+      $CXX_STANDARD = [int](Get-Item Env:\CXX_STANDARD).Value
+    }
+    else {
+      $CXX_STANDARD = 17
     }
     if (-not $CXX_STANDARD) {
-        $CXX_STANDARD = 17
+      $CXX_STANDARD = 17
     }
     Write-Host "Using CXX_STANDARD: $CXX_STANDARD"
       
     $CMAKE_OPTIONS = @(
-    "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=$CXX_STANDARD",
-    "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON",
-    "-DCMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS=OFF",
-    "-DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-windows",
-    "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
+      "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=$CXX_STANDARD",
+      "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON",
+      "-DCMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS=OFF",
+      "-DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-windows",
+      "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
     )
 
     cmake $SRC_DIR `
@@ -390,10 +420,10 @@ switch ($action) {
     cd "$BUILD_DIR\install_test"
 
     cmake $CMAKE_OPTIONS `
-          "-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$INSTALL_TEST_DIR" `
-          "-DINSTALL_TEST_CMAKE_OPTIONS=$CMAKE_OPTIONS_STRING" `
-          "-DINSTALL_TEST_COMPONENTS=$EXPECTED_COMPONENTS_STRING" `
-          -S "$SRC_DIR\install\test\cmake"
+      "-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$INSTALL_TEST_DIR" `
+      "-DINSTALL_TEST_CMAKE_OPTIONS=$CMAKE_OPTIONS_STRING" `
+      "-DINSTALL_TEST_COMPONENTS=$EXPECTED_COMPONENTS_STRING" `
+      -S "$SRC_DIR\install\test\cmake"
           
     $exit = $LASTEXITCODE
     if ($exit -ne 0) {
@@ -414,10 +444,10 @@ switch ($action) {
     Remove-Item -Recurse -Force "$INSTALL_TEST_DIR\*"
 
     $CMAKE_OPTIONS = @(
-    "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17",
-    "-DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-windows",
-    "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake",
-    "-DOPENTELEMETRY_BUILD_DLL=1"
+      "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17",
+      "-DVCPKG_TARGET_TRIPLET=x64-windows",
+      "-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$VCPKG_DIR/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake",
+      "-DOPENTELEMETRY_BUILD_DLL=1"
     )
 
     cmake $SRC_DIR `
@@ -485,10 +515,10 @@ switch ($action) {
     cd "$BUILD_DIR\install_test"
 
     cmake $CMAKE_OPTIONS `
-          "-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$INSTALL_TEST_DIR" `
-          "-DINSTALL_TEST_CMAKE_OPTIONS=$CMAKE_OPTIONS_STRING" `
-          "-DINSTALL_TEST_COMPONENTS=$EXPECTED_COMPONENTS_STRING" `
-          -S "$SRC_DIR\install\test\cmake"
+      "-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$INSTALL_TEST_DIR" `
+      "-DINSTALL_TEST_CMAKE_OPTIONS=$CMAKE_OPTIONS_STRING" `
+      "-DINSTALL_TEST_COMPONENTS=$EXPECTED_COMPONENTS_STRING" `
+      -S "$SRC_DIR\install\test\cmake"
           
     $exit = $LASTEXITCODE
     if ($exit -ne 0) {
diff --git a/ci/do_ci.sh b/ci/do_ci.sh
index 067913128e..505952aa15 100755
--- a/ci/do_ci.sh
+++ b/ci/do_ci.sh
@@ -333,6 +333,22 @@ elif [[ "$1" == "cmake.c++23.stl.test" ]]; then
   eval "$MAKE_COMMAND"
   make test
   exit 0
+elif [[ "$1" == "cmake.different_std.test" ]]; then
+  cd "${BUILD_DIR}"
+  rm -rf *
+  cmake "${CMAKE_OPTIONS[@]}"  \
+        -DWITH_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_PREVIEW=ON \
+        -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-Werror $CXXFLAGS" \
+        -DWITH_ASYNC_EXPORT_PREVIEW=ON \
+        -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON \
+        -DWITH_STL=CXX23 \
+        -DWITH_OTLP_GRPC=ON \
+        -DWITH_OTLP_HTTP=ON \
+        -DWITH_OTLP_FILE=ON \
+        "${SRC_DIR}"
+  eval "$MAKE_COMMAND"
+  make test
+  exit 0
 elif [[ "$1" == "cmake.legacy.test" ]]; then
   cd "${BUILD_DIR}"
   rm -rf *
diff --git a/ci/install_thirdparty.ps1 b/ci/install_thirdparty.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b0eb916f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ci/install_thirdparty.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+<#
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+.SYNOPSIS
+	Install OpenTelemetry C++ third-party dependencies using CMake.
+
+.DESCRIPTION
+	PowerShell counterpart to ci/install_thirdparty.sh.
+
+	This script configures and builds the CMake project in install/cmake to
+	install third-party packages into a provided prefix.
+
+.PARAMETER --install-dir
+	Path where third-party packages will be installed (required).
+
+.PARAMETER --tags-file
+	File containing tags for third-party packages (optional).
+
+.PARAMETER --packages
+	Semicolon-separated list of packages to build (optional). Default installs all.
+
+.EXAMPLE
+	./ci/install_thirdparty.ps1 --install-dir C:/third_party
+
+.EXAMPLE
+	./ci/install_thirdparty.ps1 --install-dir C:/third_party --tags-file C:/tags.txt --packages "grpc;protobuf"
+#>
+
+Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
+$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+
+function Show-Usage {
+  $scriptName = Split-Path -Leaf $PSCommandPath
+  Write-Host ('Usage: {0} --install-dir <path> [--tags-file <file>] [--packages "<pkg1>;<pkg2>"]' -f $scriptName)
+  Write-Host "  --install-dir <path>             Path where third-party packages will be installed (required)"
+  Write-Host "  --tags-file <file>               File containing tags for third-party packages (optional)"
+  Write-Host '  --packages "<pkg1>;<pkg2>;..."   Semicolon-separated list of packages to build (optional). Default installs all third-party packages.'
+  Write-Host '  --build-type <build type>        CMake build type (optional)'
+  Write-Host '  --build-shared-libs <ON|OFF>     Build shared libraries (optional)'
+  Write-Host "  -h, --help                       Show this help message"
+}
+
+function Invoke-External {
+  param(
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
+    [string] $FilePath,
+
+    [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
+    [string[]] $Arguments = @()
+  )
+
+  & $FilePath @Arguments
+  $exitCode = $LASTEXITCODE
+  if ($exitCode -ne 0) {
+    throw "Command failed (exit $exitCode): $FilePath $($Arguments -join ' ')"
+  }
+}
+
+$ThirdpartyTagsFile = ''
+$ThirdpartyPackages = ''
+$ThirdpartyInstallDir = ''
+$CmakeBuildType = ''
+$CmakeBuildSharedLibs = ''
+
+# Match install_thirdparty.sh behavior: parse GNU-style args from $args.
+for ($i = 0; $i -lt $args.Count; ) {
+  $a = [string]$args[$i]
+
+  switch ($a) {
+    '--install-dir' {
+      if (($i + 1) -ge $args.Count -or ([string]$args[$i + 1]).StartsWith('--')) {
+        [Console]::Error.WriteLine('Error: --install-dir requires a value')
+        Show-Usage
+        exit 1
+      }
+      $ThirdpartyInstallDir = [string]$args[$i + 1]
+      $i += 2
+      continue
+    }
+    '--tags-file' {
+      if (($i + 1) -ge $args.Count -or ([string]$args[$i + 1]).StartsWith('--')) {
+        [Console]::Error.WriteLine('Error: --tags-file requires a value')
+        Show-Usage
+        exit 1
+      }
+      $ThirdpartyTagsFile = [string]$args[$i + 1]
+      $i += 2
+      continue
+    }
+    '--packages' {
+      if (($i + 1) -ge $args.Count -or ([string]$args[$i + 1]).StartsWith('--')) {
+        [Console]::Error.WriteLine('Error: --packages requires a value')
+        Show-Usage
+        exit 1
+      }
+      $ThirdpartyPackages = [string]$args[$i + 1]
+      $i += 2
+      continue
+    }
+    '--build-type' {
+      if (($i + 1) -ge $args.Count -or ([string]$args[$i + 1]).StartsWith('--')) {
+        [Console]::Error.WriteLine('Error: --build-type requires a value')
+        Show-Usage
+        exit 1
+      }
+      $CmakeBuildType = [string]$args[$i + 1]
+      $i += 2
+      continue
+    }
+    '--build-shared-libs' {
+      if (($i + 1) -ge $args.Count -or ([string]$args[$i + 1]).StartsWith('--')) {
+        [Console]::Error.WriteLine('Error: --build-shared-libs requires a value')
+        Show-Usage
+        exit 1
+      }
+      $CmakeBuildSharedLibs = [string]$args[$i + 1]
+      $i += 2
+      continue
+    }
+    '-h' { Show-Usage; exit 0 }
+    '--help' { Show-Usage; exit 0 }
+    default {
+      [Console]::Error.WriteLine(("Unknown option: {0}" -f $a))
+      Show-Usage
+      exit 1
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($ThirdpartyInstallDir)) {
+  [Console]::Error.WriteLine('Error: --install-dir is a required argument.')
+  Show-Usage
+  exit 1
+}
+
+$SrcDir = Split-Path -Parent (Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition)
+
+$CxxStandard = $env:CXX_STANDARD
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($CxxStandard)) {
+  $CxxStandard = '17'
+}
+
+$TempRoot = $env:TEMP
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($TempRoot)) {
+  # Fallback if TEMP isn't set.
+  $TempRoot = [System.IO.Path]::GetTempPath()
+}
+
+$ThirdpartyBuildDir = Join-Path $TempRoot 'otel-cpp-third-party-build'
+if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $ThirdpartyBuildDir) {
+  Remove-Item -LiteralPath $ThirdpartyBuildDir -Recurse -Force
+}
+
+if (-not (Get-Command cmake -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)) {
+  throw 'cmake was not found in PATH. Please install CMake and ensure it is available on PATH.'
+}
+
+$CmakeSourceDir = Join-Path $SrcDir 'install' 'cmake'
+if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $CmakeSourceDir)) {
+  throw "CMake source directory not found: $CmakeSourceDir"
+}
+
+$OtelcppProtoPath = $env:OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH
+if ($null -eq $OtelcppProtoPath) {
+  $OtelcppProtoPath = ''
+}
+
+$CmakeConfigureArgs = @(
+  '-S', $CmakeSourceDir,
+  '-B', $ThirdpartyBuildDir,
+  "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$ThirdpartyInstallDir",
+  "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=$CxxStandard",
+  "-DOTELCPP_THIRDPARTY_TAGS_FILE=$ThirdpartyTagsFile",
+  "-DOTELCPP_PROTO_PATH=$OtelcppProtoPath",
+  "-DOTELCPP_THIRDPARTY_INSTALL_LIST=$ThirdpartyPackages"
+)
+
+$parallel = [Math]::Max([Environment]::ProcessorCount, 1)
+
+$CmakeBuildArgs = @(
+  '--build', $ThirdpartyBuildDir,
+  '--clean-first',
+  '--parallel', $parallel
+)
+
+if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($CmakeBuildType)) {
+  $CmakeConfigureArgs += "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$CmakeBuildType"
+  $CmakeBuildArgs += @('--config', $CmakeBuildType)
+}
+
+if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($CmakeBuildSharedLibs)) {
+  $CmakeConfigureArgs += "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=$CmakeBuildSharedLibs"
+}
+
+Invoke-External -FilePath 'cmake' -Arguments $CmakeConfigureArgs
+
+# Use CMake's cross-generator parallel flag.
+Invoke-External -FilePath 'cmake' -Arguments $CmakeBuildArgs
+
+# Keep parity with the bash script (no-op on Windows).
+if ($ThirdpartyInstallDir -eq '/usr/local') {
+  if (Get-Command ldconfig -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) {
+    Invoke-External -FilePath 'ldconfig' -Arguments @()
+  }
+}
+
+Write-Host 'Third-party packages installed successfully.'
+Write-Host "-- THIRDPARTY_INSTALL_DIR: $ThirdpartyInstallDir"
+Write-Host "-- THIRDPARTY_TAGS_FILE: $ThirdpartyTagsFile"
+if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($ThirdpartyPackages)) {
+  Write-Host '-- THIRDPARTY_PACKAGES: all'
+}
+else {
+  Write-Host "-- THIRDPARTY_PACKAGES: $ThirdpartyPackages"
+}
+Write-Host "-- CXX_STANDARD: $CxxStandard"
+if (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($CmakeBuildType)) {
+  Write-Host "-- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: $CmakeBuildType"
+}
diff --git a/ci/install_thirdparty.sh b/ci/install_thirdparty.sh
index 7c23bcbb2b..9ddb74ac27 100755
--- a/ci/install_thirdparty.sh
+++ b/ci/install_thirdparty.sh
@@ -10,13 +10,17 @@ usage() {
     echo "  --install-dir <path>          Path where third-party packages will be installed (required)"
     echo "  --tags-file <file>            File containing tags for third-party packages (optional)"
     echo "  --packages \"<pkg1>;<pkg2>;...\"  Semicolon-separated list of packages to build (optional). Default installs all third-party packages."
+    echo "  --build-type <build type>     CMake build type (optional)"
+    echo "  --build-shared-libs <ON|OFF>  Build shared libraries (optional)"
     echo "  -h, --help                    Show this help message"
 }
 
 THIRDPARTY_TAGS_FILE=""
 THIRDPARTY_PACKAGES=""
-SRC_DIR="$(pwd)"
+SRC_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
 THIRDPARTY_INSTALL_DIR=""
+CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=""
+CMAKE_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=""
 
 while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
     case $1 in
@@ -47,6 +51,24 @@ while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
             THIRDPARTY_PACKAGES="$2"
             shift 2
             ;;
+        --build-type)
+            if [ -z "$2" ] || [[ "$2" == --* ]]; then
+                echo "Error: --build-type requires a value" >&2
+                usage
+                exit 1
+            fi
+            CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE="$2"
+            shift 2
+            ;;
+        --build-shared-libs)
+            if [ -z "$2" ] || [[ "$2" == --* ]]; then
+                echo "Error: --build-shared-libs requires a value" >&2
+                usage
+                exit 1
+            fi
+            CMAKE_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS="$2"
+            shift 2
+            ;;
         -h|--help)
             usage
             exit 0
@@ -75,14 +97,31 @@ if [ -d "${THIRDPARTY_BUILD_DIR}" ]; then
     rm -rf "${THIRDPARTY_BUILD_DIR}"
 fi
 
-cmake -S "${SRC_DIR}/install/cmake" -B "${THIRDPARTY_BUILD_DIR}" \
-   "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${THIRDPARTY_INSTALL_DIR}" \
-   "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${CXX_STANDARD}" \
-   "-DOTELCPP_THIRDPARTY_TAGS_FILE=${THIRDPARTY_TAGS_FILE}" \
-   "-DOTELCPP_PROTO_PATH=${OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH}" \
+CMAKE_CONFIGURE_ARGS=(
+    -S "${SRC_DIR}/install/cmake" -B "${THIRDPARTY_BUILD_DIR}"
+   "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${THIRDPARTY_INSTALL_DIR}"
+   "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${CXX_STANDARD}"
+   "-DOTELCPP_THIRDPARTY_TAGS_FILE=${THIRDPARTY_TAGS_FILE}"
+   "-DOTELCPP_PROTO_PATH=${OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH}"
    "-DOTELCPP_THIRDPARTY_INSTALL_LIST=${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGES}"
+)
 
-cmake --build "${THIRDPARTY_BUILD_DIR}" --clean-first -j"$(nproc)"
+CMAKE_BUILD_ARGS=(
+    --build "${THIRDPARTY_BUILD_DIR}" --clean-first -j"$(nproc)"
+)
+
+if [ -n "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" ]; then
+    CMAKE_CONFIGURE_ARGS+=("-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
+    CMAKE_BUILD_ARGS+=("--config" "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
+fi
+
+if [ -n "${CMAKE_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}" ]; then
+    CMAKE_CONFIGURE_ARGS+=("-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=${CMAKE_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}")
+fi
+
+cmake "${CMAKE_CONFIGURE_ARGS[@]}"
+
+cmake "${CMAKE_BUILD_ARGS[@]}"
 
 if [ "${THIRDPARTY_INSTALL_DIR}" = "/usr/local" ]; then
   ldconfig
@@ -93,3 +132,6 @@ echo "-- THIRDPARTY_INSTALL_DIR: ${THIRDPARTY_INSTALL_DIR}"
 echo "-- THIRDPARTY_TAGS_FILE: ${THIRDPARTY_TAGS_FILE}"
 echo "-- THIRDPARTY_PACKAGES: ${THIRDPARTY_PACKAGES:-all}"
 echo "-- CXX_STANDARD: ${CXX_STANDARD}"
+if [ -n "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" ]; then
+    echo "-- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}"
+fi
diff --git a/cmake/opentelemetry-proto.cmake b/cmake/opentelemetry-proto.cmake
index 648d21d2f2..09623d50e4 100644
--- a/cmake/opentelemetry-proto.cmake
+++ b/cmake/opentelemetry-proto.cmake
@@ -2,17 +2,21 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 #
-# The dependency on opentelemetry-proto can be provided by order
-# of decreasing priority, options are:
+# The dependency on opentelemetry-proto can be provided by order of decreasing
+# priority, options are:
 #
-# 1 - Fetch from local source directory defined by the OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH variable
+# 1 - Fetch from local source directory defined by the OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH
+# variable
 #
-# 2 - Fetch from the opentelemetry-proto git submodule (opentelemetry-cpp/third_party/opentelemetry-proto)
+# 2 - Fetch from the opentelemetry-proto git submodule
+# (opentelemetry-cpp/third_party/opentelemetry-proto)
 #
-# 3 - Fetch from github using the git tag set in opentelemetry-cpp/third_party_release
+# 3 - Fetch from github using the git tag set in
+# opentelemetry-cpp/third_party_release
 #
 
-set(OPENTELEMETRY_PROTO_SUBMODULE "${opentelemetry-cpp_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/opentelemetry-proto")
+set(OPENTELEMETRY_PROTO_SUBMODULE
+    "${opentelemetry-cpp_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/opentelemetry-proto")
 
 if(OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH)
   if(NOT EXISTS
@@ -21,29 +25,32 @@ if(OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH)
       FATAL_ERROR
         "OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH does not point to a opentelemetry-proto repository")
   endif()
-  message(STATUS "fetching opentelemetry-proto from OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH=${OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH}")
-  FetchContent_Declare(
-      opentelemetry-proto
-      SOURCE_DIR ${OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH}
+  message(
+    STATUS
+      "fetching opentelemetry-proto from OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH=${OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH}"
   )
+  FetchContent_Declare(opentelemetry-proto SOURCE_DIR ${OTELCPP_PROTO_PATH})
   set(opentelemetry-proto_PROVIDER "fetch_source")
-  # If the opentelemetry-proto directory is a general directory then we don't have a good way to determine the version. Set it as unknown.
+  # If the opentelemetry-proto directory is a general directory then we don't
+  # have a good way to determine the version. Set it as unknown.
   set(opentelemetry-proto_VERSION "unknown")
 elseif(EXISTS ${OPENTELEMETRY_PROTO_SUBMODULE}/.git)
-   message(STATUS "fetching opentelemetry-proto from git submodule")
-   FetchContent_Declare(
-      opentelemetry-proto
-      SOURCE_DIR ${OPENTELEMETRY_PROTO_SUBMODULE}
-  )
+  message(STATUS "fetching opentelemetry-proto from git submodule")
+  FetchContent_Declare(opentelemetry-proto SOURCE_DIR
+                                           ${OPENTELEMETRY_PROTO_SUBMODULE})
   set(opentelemetry-proto_PROVIDER "fetch_source")
-  string(REGEX REPLACE "^v([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)$" "\\1" opentelemetry-proto_VERSION "${opentelemetry-proto_GIT_TAG}")
+  string(REGEX
+         REPLACE "^v([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)$" "\\1"
+                 opentelemetry-proto_VERSION "${opentelemetry-proto_GIT_TAG}")
 else()
   FetchContent_Declare(
-      opentelemetry-proto
-      GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto.git
-      GIT_TAG "${opentelemetry-proto_GIT_TAG}")
+    opentelemetry-proto
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto.git
+    GIT_TAG "${opentelemetry-proto_GIT_TAG}")
   set(opentelemetry-proto_PROVIDER "fetch_repository")
-  string(REGEX REPLACE "^v([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)$" "\\1" opentelemetry-proto_VERSION "${opentelemetry-proto_GIT_TAG}")
+  string(REGEX
+         REPLACE "^v([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)$" "\\1"
+                 opentelemetry-proto_VERSION "${opentelemetry-proto_GIT_TAG}")
 endif()
 
 FetchContent_MakeAvailable(opentelemetry-proto)
@@ -191,9 +198,24 @@ endif()
 # opentelemetry_exporter_otlp_grpc_client as a static library.
 if(TARGET protobuf::libprotobuf)
   get_target_property(protobuf_lib_type protobuf::libprotobuf TYPE)
+  # On Windows, protobuf and abseil-cpp are built with C++17 by default, and the
+  # protobuf v31/v6.31 have a ABI compatibility issue for GlobalEmptyString when
+  # .pb.cc files are built with C++20 or higher. See
+  # https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-cpp/pull/3800 for details.
+  if(MSVC)
+    if(DEFINED CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD
+       AND CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD GREATER_EQUAL 20
+       AND (Protobuf_VERSION_MAJOR EQUAL 31 OR Protobuf_VERSION MATCHES
+                                               "31\\..*"))
+      set(protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std 17)
+      message(
+        STATUS
+          "protobuf::libprotobuf $(Protobuf_VERSION) detected and we force set CXX_STANDARD to 17 for .pb.cc files."
+      )
+    endif()
+  endif()
 else()
   set(protobuf_lib_type "SHARED_LIBRARY")
-  target_link_libraries(opentelemetry_proto PUBLIC ${Protobuf_LIBRARIES})
   foreach(protobuf_lib_file ${Protobuf_LIBRARIES})
     if(protobuf_lib_file MATCHES
        "(^|[\\\\\\/])[^\\\\\\/]*protobuf[^\\\\\\/]*\\.(a|lib)$")
diff --git a/cmake/tools.cmake b/cmake/tools.cmake
index 43ac5156d4..4fc60187f0 100644
--- a/cmake/tools.cmake
+++ b/cmake/tools.cmake
@@ -15,12 +15,19 @@ if(NOT PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS_SET)
   if(MSVC)
     unset(PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS CACHE)
     set(PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS
+        /wd4100
         /wd4244
         /wd4251
         /wd4267
         /wd4309
         /wd4668
+        /wd4702
+        /wd4715
+        /wd4800
+        /wd4090
         /wd4946
+        /wd4996
+        /wd5054
         /wd6001
         /wd6244
         /wd6246)
@@ -43,8 +50,15 @@ if(NOT PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS_SET)
     unset(PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS CACHE)
     include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
     check_append_cxx_compiler_flag(
-      PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS -Wno-type-limits
-      -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-unused-parameter)
+      PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS
+      -Wno-type-limits
+      -Wno-sign-compare
+      -Wno-sign-conversion
+      -Wno-shadow
+      -Wno-uninitialized
+      -Wno-conversion
+      -Wno-deprecated-declarations
+      -Wno-unused-parameter)
   endif()
   set(PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS_SET TRUE)
   if(PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS)
@@ -56,41 +70,121 @@ if(NOT PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS_SET)
 endif()
 
 function(patch_protobuf_sources)
-  if(PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS)
-    foreach(PROTO_SRC ${ARGN})
-      unset(PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS)
-      get_source_file_property(PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS ${PROTO_SRC} COMPILE_OPTIONS)
-      if(PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS)
-        list(APPEND PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS ${PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS})
+  if(protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std)
+    if(MSVC)
+      set(__additional_cxx_standard
+          "/std:c++${protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std}")
+    else()
+      set(__additional_cxx_standard
+          "-std=c++${protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std}")
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
+  foreach(PROTO_SRC ${ARGN})
+    unset(PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS)
+    set(__proto_src_options_changed FALSE)
+    get_source_file_property(PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS ${PROTO_SRC} COMPILE_OPTIONS)
+    if(PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS)
+      set(__need_cxx_standard TRUE)
+      if(NOT protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std
+         OR PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS MATCHES
+            "(/std:|-std=)(c|gnu)\\+\\+${protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std}"
+      )
+        set(__need_cxx_standard FALSE)
       else()
-        set(PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS ${PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS})
+        if(MSVC)
+          string(REGEX REPLACE "/std:c\\+\\+[0-9a-zA-Z_]+" "" PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS
+                               "${PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS}")
+        endif()
+        string(REGEX REPLACE "-std=(c|gnu)\\+\\+[0-9a-zA-Z_]+" ""
+                             PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS "${PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS}")
+        set(__need_cxx_standard TRUE)
+      endif()
+
+      foreach(TEST_OPTION ${PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS})
+        if(NOT "${TEST_OPTION}" IN_LIST PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS)
+          list(APPEND PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS "${TEST_OPTION}")
+          set(__proto_src_options_changed TRUE)
+        endif()
+      endforeach()
+      if(__need_cxx_standard)
+        list(APPEND PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS "${__additional_cxx_standard}")
+        set(__proto_src_options_changed TRUE)
+      endif()
+    else()
+      set(PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS ${PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS})
+      if(__additional_cxx_standard)
+        list(APPEND PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS "${__additional_cxx_standard}")
       endif()
+      set(__proto_src_options_changed TRUE)
+    endif()
 
+    if(__proto_src_options_changed)
       set_source_files_properties(
         ${PROTO_SRC} PROPERTIES COMPILE_OPTIONS "${PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS}")
-    endforeach()
-    unset(PROTO_SRC)
-    unset(PROTO_SRC_OPTIONS)
-  endif()
+    endif()
+  endforeach()
 endfunction()
 
 function(patch_protobuf_targets)
-  if(PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS)
+  if(protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std)
     foreach(PROTO_TARGET ${ARGN})
-      unset(PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS)
-      get_target_property(PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS ${PROTO_TARGET} COMPILE_OPTIONS)
-      if(PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS)
-        list(APPEND PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS ${PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS})
+      set_target_properties(
+        ${PROTO_TARGET} PROPERTIES CXX_STANDARD
+                                   ${protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std})
+    endforeach()
+
+    if(MSVC)
+      set(__additional_cxx_standard
+          "/std:c++${protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std}")
+    else()
+      set(__additional_cxx_standard
+          "-std=c++${protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std}")
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
+  foreach(PROTO_TARGET ${ARGN})
+    set(__proto_target_options_changed FALSE)
+    get_target_property(PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS ${PROTO_TARGET} COMPILE_OPTIONS)
+    if(PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS)
+      set(__need_cxx_standard TRUE)
+      if(NOT protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std
+         OR PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS MATCHES
+            "(/std:|-std=)(c|gnu)\\+\\+${protobuf_lib_compile_features_cxx_std}"
+      )
+        set(__need_cxx_standard FALSE)
       else()
-        set(PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS ${PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS})
+        if(MSVC)
+          string(REGEX REPLACE "/std:c\\+\\+[0-9a-zA-Z_]+" ""
+                               PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS "${PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS}")
+        endif()
+        string(REGEX REPLACE "-std=(c|gnu)\\+\\+[0-9a-zA-Z_]+" ""
+                             PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS "${PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS}")
+        set(__need_cxx_standard TRUE)
       endif()
 
+      foreach(TEST_OPTION ${PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS})
+        if(NOT "${TEST_OPTION}" IN_LIST PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS)
+          list(APPEND PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS "${TEST_OPTION}")
+          set(__proto_target_options_changed TRUE)
+        endif()
+      endforeach()
+      if(__need_cxx_standard)
+        list(APPEND PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS "${__additional_cxx_standard}")
+        set(__proto_target_options_changed TRUE)
+      endif()
+    else()
+      set(PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS ${PATCH_PROTOBUF_SOURCES_OPTIONS})
+      if(__additional_cxx_standard)
+        list(APPEND PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS "${__additional_cxx_standard}")
+      endif()
+      set(__proto_target_options_changed TRUE)
+    endif()
+    if(__proto_target_options_changed)
       set_target_properties(
         ${PROTO_TARGET} PROPERTIES COMPILE_OPTIONS "${PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS}")
-    endforeach()
-    unset(PROTO_TARGET)
-    unset(PROTO_TARGET_OPTIONS)
-  endif()
+    endif()
+  endforeach()
 endfunction()
 
 function(project_build_tools_get_imported_location OUTPUT_VAR_NAME TARGET_NAME)
diff --git a/install/cmake/CMakeLists.txt b/install/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
index 39babcf854..0768277d69 100644
--- a/install/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/install/cmake/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -97,12 +97,17 @@ endif()
 set(CMAKE_OPTIONS
     "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}"
     "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}"
+    "-DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}"
     "-DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}"
     "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD}"
     "-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON"
     "-DCMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS=OFF"
     "-DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON")
 
+if(DEFINED CACHE{BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
+  list(APPEND CMAKE_OPTIONS "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}")
+endif()
+
 message(STATUS "Installing third-party packages....")
 message(STATUS "  opentelemetry-cpp_SOURCE_DIR = ${OTELCPP_SOURCE_DIR}")
 message(STATUS "  third-party packages = ${_THIRDPARTY_PACKAGE_LIST}")