diff --git a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/ExtendedSdkLogRecordBuilder.java b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/ExtendedSdkLogRecordBuilder.java
index 41596afa3da..6cbfab0b9d9 100644
--- a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/ExtendedSdkLogRecordBuilder.java
+++ b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/ExtendedSdkLogRecordBuilder.java
@@ -25,8 +25,10 @@ final class ExtendedSdkLogRecordBuilder extends SdkLogRecordBuilder
   @Nullable private ExtendedAttributesMap extendedAttributes;
 
   ExtendedSdkLogRecordBuilder(
-      LoggerSharedState loggerSharedState, InstrumentationScopeInfo instrumentationScopeInfo) {
-    super(loggerSharedState, instrumentationScopeInfo);
+      LoggerSharedState loggerSharedState,
+      InstrumentationScopeInfo instrumentationScopeInfo,
+      SdkLogger logger) {
+    super(loggerSharedState, instrumentationScopeInfo, logger);
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -132,7 +134,20 @@ public void emit() {
     if (loggerSharedState.hasBeenShutdown()) {
       return;
     }
+
+    if (severity != Severity.UNDEFINED_SEVERITY_NUMBER
+        && severity.getSeverityNumber() < logger.minimumSeverity) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     Context context = this.context == null ? Context.current() : this.context;
+    if (logger.traceBased) {
+      Span span = Span.fromContext(context);
+      if (span.getSpanContext().isValid() && !span.getSpanContext().getTraceFlags().isSampled()) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
     long observedTimestampEpochNanos =
         this.observedTimestampEpochNanos == 0
             ? this.loggerSharedState.getClock().now()
diff --git a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/IncubatingUtil.java b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/IncubatingUtil.java
index fd7582644be..3fd41423a56 100644
--- a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/IncubatingUtil.java
+++ b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/IncubatingUtil.java
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ static SdkLogger createExtendedLogger(
   }
 
   static SdkLogRecordBuilder createExtendedLogRecordBuilder(
-      LoggerSharedState loggerSharedState, InstrumentationScopeInfo instrumentationScopeInfo) {
-    return new ExtendedSdkLogRecordBuilder(loggerSharedState, instrumentationScopeInfo);
+      LoggerSharedState loggerSharedState, InstrumentationScopeInfo instrumentationScopeInfo, SdkLogger logger) {
+    return new ExtendedSdkLogRecordBuilder(loggerSharedState, instrumentationScopeInfo, logger);
   }
 }
diff --git a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilder.java b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilder.java
index 1fa78926396..9f798492360 100644
--- a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilder.java
+++ b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilder.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ class SdkLogRecordBuilder implements LogRecordBuilder {
 
   protected final LoggerSharedState loggerSharedState;
   protected final LogLimits logLimits;
+  protected final SdkLogger logger;
 
   protected final InstrumentationScopeInfo instrumentationScopeInfo;
   protected long timestampEpochNanos;
@@ -34,10 +35,13 @@ class SdkLogRecordBuilder implements LogRecordBuilder {
   @Nullable private AttributesMap attributes;
 
   SdkLogRecordBuilder(
-      LoggerSharedState loggerSharedState, InstrumentationScopeInfo instrumentationScopeInfo) {
+      LoggerSharedState loggerSharedState,
+      InstrumentationScopeInfo instrumentationScopeInfo,
+      SdkLogger logger) {
     this.loggerSharedState = loggerSharedState;
     this.logLimits = loggerSharedState.getLogLimits();
     this.instrumentationScopeInfo = instrumentationScopeInfo;
+    this.logger = logger;
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogger.java b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogger.java
index 7539a5c3b17..4a9cce1237c 100644
--- a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogger.java
+++ b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogger.java
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 import io.opentelemetry.api.logs.Logger;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.logs.LoggerProvider;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.logs.Severity;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Span;
+import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.SpanContext;
 import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.InstrumentationScopeInfo;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.internal.LoggerConfig;
@@ -36,6 +38,8 @@ class SdkLogger implements Logger {
   // deliberately not volatile because of performance concerns
   // - which means its eventually consistent
   protected boolean loggerEnabled;
+  protected int minimumSeverity;
+  protected boolean traceBased;
 
   SdkLogger(
       LoggerSharedState loggerSharedState,
@@ -44,6 +48,8 @@ class SdkLogger implements Logger {
     this.loggerSharedState = loggerSharedState;
     this.instrumentationScopeInfo = instrumentationScopeInfo;
     this.loggerEnabled = loggerConfig.isEnabled();
+    this.minimumSeverity = loggerConfig.getMinimumSeverity();
+    this.traceBased = loggerConfig.isTraceBased();
   }
 
   static SdkLogger create(
@@ -60,8 +66,8 @@ public LogRecordBuilder logRecordBuilder() {
     if (loggerEnabled) {
       return INCUBATOR_AVAILABLE
           ? IncubatingUtil.createExtendedLogRecordBuilder(
-              loggerSharedState, instrumentationScopeInfo)
-          : new SdkLogRecordBuilder(loggerSharedState, instrumentationScopeInfo);
+              loggerSharedState, instrumentationScopeInfo, this)
+          : new SdkLogRecordBuilder(loggerSharedState, instrumentationScopeInfo, this);
     }
     return NOOP_LOGGER.logRecordBuilder();
   }
@@ -73,10 +79,28 @@ InstrumentationScopeInfo getInstrumentationScopeInfo() {
 
   // Visible for testing
   public boolean isEnabled(Severity severity, Context context) {
-    return loggerEnabled;
+    if (!loggerEnabled) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (severity != Severity.UNDEFINED_SEVERITY_NUMBER
+        && severity.getSeverityNumber() < minimumSeverity) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (traceBased) {
+      SpanContext spanContext = Span.fromContext(context).getSpanContext();
+      if (spanContext.isValid() && !spanContext.getTraceFlags().isSampled()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
   }
 
   void updateLoggerConfig(LoggerConfig loggerConfig) {
     loggerEnabled = loggerConfig.isEnabled();
+    minimumSeverity = loggerConfig.getMinimumSeverity();
+    traceBased = loggerConfig.isTraceBased();
   }
 }
diff --git a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/internal/LoggerConfig.java b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/internal/LoggerConfig.java
index 00ffdc86b41..223d7f22f53 100644
--- a/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/internal/LoggerConfig.java
+++ b/sdk/logs/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/internal/LoggerConfig.java
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@
 public abstract class LoggerConfig {
 
   private static final LoggerConfig DEFAULT_CONFIG =
-      new AutoValue_LoggerConfig(/* enabled= */ true);
+      new AutoValue_LoggerConfig(/* enabled= */ true, /* minimumSeverity= */ 0, /* traceBased= */ false);
   private static final LoggerConfig DISABLED_CONFIG =
-      new AutoValue_LoggerConfig(/* enabled= */ false);
+      new AutoValue_LoggerConfig(/* enabled= */ false, /* minimumSeverity= */ 0, /* traceBased= */ false);
 
   /** Returns a disabled {@link LoggerConfig}. */
   public static LoggerConfig disabled() {
@@ -44,6 +44,13 @@ public static LoggerConfig enabled() {
     return DEFAULT_CONFIG;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns a new {@link Builder} for creating a {@link LoggerConfig}.
+   */
+  public static Builder builder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns the default {@link LoggerConfig}, which is used when no configurator is set or when the
    * logger configurator returns {@code null} for a {@link InstrumentationScopeInfo}.
@@ -62,6 +69,87 @@ public static ScopeConfiguratorBuilder<LoggerConfig> configuratorBuilder() {
 
   LoggerConfig() {}
 
+  /**
+   * Builder for {@link LoggerConfig}.
+   *
+   * <p>This class is internal and experimental. Its APIs are unstable and can change at any time. Its
+   * APIs (or a version of them) may be promoted to the public stable API in the future, but no
+   * guarantees are made.
+   */
+  public static final class Builder {
+    private boolean enabled = true;
+    private int minimumSeverity = 0;
+    private boolean traceBased = false;
+
+    private Builder() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the logger is enabled.
+     *
+     * @param enabled whether the logger is enabled
+     * @return this builder
+     */
+    public Builder setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+      this.enabled = enabled;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the minimum severity level for log records to be processed.
+     * 
+     * <p>Log records with a severity number less than this value will be dropped.
+     * Log records without a specified severity are not affected by this setting.
+     *
+     * @param minimumSeverity minimum severity level for log records to be processed
+     * @return this builder
+     */
+    public Builder setMinimumSeverity(int minimumSeverity) {
+      this.minimumSeverity = minimumSeverity;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets whether to only process log records from sampled traces.
+     * 
+     * <p>When enabled, log records from unsampled traces will be dropped.
+     * Log records that are not associated with a trace context are unaffected.
+     *
+     * @param traceBased whether to only process log records from sampled traces
+     * @return this builder
+     */
+    public Builder setTraceBased(boolean traceBased) {
+      this.traceBased = traceBased;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds and returns a {@link LoggerConfig}.
+     */
+    public LoggerConfig build() {
+      return new AutoValue_LoggerConfig(enabled, minimumSeverity, traceBased);
+    }
+  }
+
   /** Returns {@code true} if this logger is enabled. Defaults to {@code true}. */
   public abstract boolean isEnabled();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the minimum severity level for log records to be processed.
+   * 
+   * <p>Log records with a severity number less than this value will be dropped.
+   * Log records without a specified severity are not affected by this setting.
+   * 
+   * <p>Defaults to {@code 0}.
+   */
+  public abstract int getMinimumSeverity();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns {@code true} if this logger should only process log records from sampled traces.
+   * 
+   * <p>When enabled, log records from unsampled traces will be dropped.
+   * Log records that are not associated with a trace context are unaffected.
+   * 
+   * <p>Defaults to {@code false}.
+   */
+  public abstract boolean isTraceBased();
 }
diff --git a/sdk/logs/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilderTest.java b/sdk/logs/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilderTest.java
index 7d067cef49f..515884cc34a 100644
--- a/sdk/logs/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilderTest.java
+++ b/sdk/logs/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilderTest.java
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.Clock;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.common.InstrumentationScopeInfo;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.logs.internal.LoggerConfig;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.resources.Resource;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -57,7 +58,8 @@ void setup() {
     when(loggerSharedState.getResource()).thenReturn(RESOURCE);
     when(loggerSharedState.getClock()).thenReturn(clock);
 
-    builder = new SdkLogRecordBuilder(loggerSharedState, SCOPE_INFO);
+    SdkLogger logger = new SdkLogger(loggerSharedState, SCOPE_INFO, LoggerConfig.enabled());
+    builder = new SdkLogRecordBuilder(loggerSharedState, SCOPE_INFO, logger);
   }
 
   @Test