diff --git a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/CHANGELOG.md b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/CHANGELOG.md
index bdbcdef927..c3aa07d891 100644
--- a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 - Update `opentelemetry-api` version to 1.16
   ([#2961](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python-contrib/pull/2961))
+- aws-xray-propagator: ensure trace state is not overwritten
+  ([#3774](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python-contrib/pull/3774))
 
 ## Version 1.0.2 (2024-08-05)
 
diff --git a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/src/opentelemetry/propagators/aws/aws_xray_propagator.py b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/src/opentelemetry/propagators/aws/aws_xray_propagator.py
index d9b99f35ca..77ecbbf12e 100644
--- a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/src/opentelemetry/propagators/aws/aws_xray_propagator.py
+++ b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/src/opentelemetry/propagators/aws/aws_xray_propagator.py
@@ -144,12 +144,17 @@ def extract(
         if sampled:
             options |= trace.TraceFlags.SAMPLED
 
+        try:
+            tracestate = trace.get_current_span(context=context).get_span_context().trace_state
+        except AttributeError:
+            tracestate = trace.TraceState()
+
         span_context = trace.SpanContext(
             trace_id=trace_id,
             span_id=span_id,
             is_remote=True,
             trace_flags=trace.TraceFlags(options),
-            trace_state=trace.TraceState(),
+            trace_state=tracestate,
         )
 
         if not span_context.is_valid:
diff --git a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/tests/test_aws_xray_propagator.py b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/tests/test_aws_xray_propagator.py
index 2fb8a4925c..a39caf54af 100644
--- a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/tests/test_aws_xray_propagator.py
+++ b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray/tests/test_aws_xray_propagator.py
@@ -335,3 +335,42 @@ def test_fields(self, mock_trace):
         self.assertEqual(
             AwsXRayPropagatorTest.XRAY_PROPAGATOR.fields, inject_fields
         )
+
+    def test_extract_trace_state_from_context(self):
+        """Test that extract properly propagates the trace state extracted by other propagators."""
+        context_with_extracted = AwsXRayPropagatorTest.XRAY_PROPAGATOR.extract(
+            CaseInsensitiveDict(
+                {
+                    TRACE_HEADER_KEY: "Root=1-8a3c60f7-d188f8fa79d48a391a778fa6;Parent=53995c3f42cd8ad8;Sampled=0",
+                }
+            ),
+            context=set_span_in_context(
+                trace_api.NonRecordingSpan(
+                    SpanContext(
+                        int(TRACE_ID_BASE16, 16),
+                        int(SPAN_ID_BASE16, 16),
+                        True,
+                        DEFAULT_TRACE_OPTIONS,
+                        TraceState([("foo", "bar"), ("baz", "qux")])
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+        extracted_span_context = get_nested_span_context(context_with_extracted)
+        expected_trace_state = TraceState([("foo", "bar"), ("baz", "qux")])
+
+        self.assertEqual(extracted_span_context.trace_state, expected_trace_state)
+
+    def test_extract_no_trace_state_from_context(self):
+        """Test that extract defaults to an empty trace state correctly."""
+        context_with_extracted = AwsXRayPropagatorTest.XRAY_PROPAGATOR.extract(
+            CaseInsensitiveDict(
+                {
+                    TRACE_HEADER_KEY: "Root=1-8a3c60f7-d188f8fa79d48a391a778fa6;Parent=53995c3f42cd8ad8;Sampled=0",
+                }
+            )
+        )
+
+        extracted_span_context = get_nested_span_context(context_with_extracted)
+        self.assertEqual(extracted_span_context.trace_state, TraceState([]))