[db] Add context propagation for Oracle (#2610)

Co-authored-by: Matt Hensley <[email protected]>

Author: sincejune

.chloggen/oracle-context-propagation.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+#
+# If your change doesn't affect end users you should instead start
+# your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: enhancement
+
+# The name of the area of concern in the attributes-registry, (e.g. http, cloud, db)
+component: db
+
+# A brief description of the change. Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Add database context propagation via `V$SESSION.ACTION` for SQL Server
+
+# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
+# The values here must be integers.
+issues: [2610]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:

docs/database/oracledb.md

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ linkTitle: Oracle Database
 <!-- toc -->
 
 - [Spans](#spans)
+- [Context propagation](#context-propagation)
+  - [V$SESSION.ACTION](#vsessionaction)
 - [Metrics](#metrics)
 
 <!-- tocstop -->
@@ -141,6 +143,38 @@ and SHOULD be provided **at span creation time** (if provided at all):
 <!-- END AUTOGENERATED TEXT -->
 <!-- endsemconv -->
 
+## Context propagation
+
+**Status**: [Development][DocumentStatus]
+
+### V$SESSION.ACTION
+
+Instrumentations MAY propagate context with a fixed-length, 64 byte value using [V$SESSION.ACTION](https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/refrn/V-SESSION.html) by injecting part of span context (trace-id, span-id, trace-flags, protocol version) before executing a query. For example, when using W3C Trace Context, only a string representation of [`traceparent`](https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/#traceparent-header) SHOULD be injected. Context injection SHOULD NOT be enabled by default, but instrumentation MAY allow users to opt into it.
+
+Variable context parts (`tracestate`, `baggage`) SHOULD NOT be injected since `V$SESSION.ACTION` value length is limited to 64 bytes.
+
+Instrumentations that propagate context MUST update `V$SESSION.ACTION` on the same physical connection as the SQL statement.
+
+Example:
+
+Note that Oracle database drivers in different languages may have different implementation to update `V$SESSION.ACTION`.
+
+For a query `SELECT * FROM songs` where `traceparent` is `00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01`:
+
+Run the following command on the same physical connection as the SQL statement:
+
+```sql
+BEGIN
+    DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_ACTION('00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01');
+END;
+```
+
+Then run the query:
+
+```sql
+SELECT * FROM songs;
+```
+
 ## Metrics
 
 Oracle Database driver instrumentation SHOULD collect metrics according to the general