config-linux: Specify relationships for new namespaces

For more background on hierarchical namespaces, see [1].  For more
background on the owning user namespace idea, see [2,3,4]).

These were contentious [5,6], so they weren't part of the previous
commit.  I still think we want to say something about these
relationships.

We already have some of "runtime namespace" conditions (e.g. when a
type is not listed in linux.namespaces[]), so runtimes should already
have implementation-specific wording around what the runtime
namespaces are (we don't explicitly make them implementation-defined,
although we probably should). Anyhow, that's not a new concept added
by this commit.

# Seeded namespaces

For example, if you ask for a new uts namespace but do not set the
optional hostname, having the seed defined means that the hostname in
the container UTS namespace is well-defined (it will be whatever the
hostname was in the runtime UTS namespace).

This is less of an issue for the mount namespace, because with
root.path REQUIRED, there's no way to avoid clobbering whatever mounts
you got from your seed (which makes not asking for a new mount
namespace exciting ;).

# Hierarchical namespaces

I think "I want this container to run in a new user/pid namespace that
is a child of the runtime user/pid namespace" should be something that
has a portable config expression. Otherwise it becomes very unclear
what to put in the hostID field for (u|g)idMappings, because you don't
know what namespace will be used to interpret the hostIDs.

# Namespace ownership

This is another case where I think specified clarity is essential. A
new network namespace will not be very useful if you don't know who
owns it.

[1]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=a7306ed8d94af729ecef8b6e37506a1c6fc14788
     nsfs: add ioctl to get a parent namespace, 2016-09-06
[2]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=6786741dbf99e44fb0c0ed85a37582b8a26f1c3b
     nsfs: add ioctl to get owning user namespace for ns file
     descriptor, 2016-09-06
[3]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=e5ff5ce6e20ee22511398bb31fb912466cf82a36
     nsfs: Add an ioctl() to return the namespace type, 2017-01-25
[4]: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=d95fa3c76a66b6d76b1e109ea505c55e66360f3c
     nsfs: Add an ioctl() to return owner UID of a userns, 2017-01-25
[5]: #767 (comment)
[6]: #767 (comment)

Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <[email protected]>

Author: wking

config-linux.md

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ The following parameters can be specified to setup namespaces:
     The runtime MUST [generate an error](runtime.md#errors) if `path` is not associated with a namespace of type `type`.
 
     If `path` is not specified, the runtime MUST create a new [container namespace](glossary.md#container-namespace) of type `type`.
+    For hierarchical namespaces (e.g. `pid`, `user`), the new container namespace MUST be a child of the [runtime namespace](glossary.md#runtime-namespace) of that type.
+    For seeded namespaces (e.g. `mount`, `uts`), the new container namespace MUST be seeded by the runtime namespace of that type.
+    When `type` is not `user`, new namespaces MUST be owned by the container `user` namespace.
 
 If a namespace type is not specified in the `namespaces` array, the container MUST inherit the [runtime namespace](glossary.md#runtime-namespace) of that type.
 If a `namespaces` field contains duplicated namespaces with same `type`, the runtime MUST [generate an error](runtime.md#errors).