diff --git a/tests/core/test_big_dataset.py b/tests/core/test_big_dataset.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..677b483a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/core/test_big_dataset.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+from time import time
+from unittest import TestCase
+
+from openfisca_core.simulations import SimulationBuilder
+
+tc = TestCase()
+
+
+NUM_PERSONS = 50_000
+
+YEAR = 2023
+MONTH = "2023-12"
+
+
+def run_simulation(tax_benefit_system) -> None:
+    persons_per_households = 2
+    persons_ids: Iterable = [p for p in range(NUM_PERSONS)]
+    households_ids: Iterable = [
+        f"h{i}" for i in range(NUM_PERSONS // persons_per_households)
+    ]
+
+    persons_households: Iterable = [
+        f"h{i // persons_per_households}" for i in range(NUM_PERSONS)
+    ]
+
+    persons_salaries: Iterable = [1_000 for i in range(NUM_PERSONS)]
+    households_rents = [500 for i in range(NUM_PERSONS // persons_per_households)]
+
+    period = MONTH
+
+    simulation_builder = SimulationBuilder()
+    simulation_builder.create_entities(tax_benefit_system)
+    simulation_builder.declare_person_entity("person", persons_ids)
+
+    household_instance = simulation_builder.declare_entity("household", households_ids)
+    simulation_builder.join_with_persons(
+        household_instance,
+        persons_households,
+        ["first_parent"] * NUM_PERSONS,
+    )
+
+    simulation = simulation_builder.build(tax_benefit_system)
+    simulation.set_input("salary", period, persons_salaries)
+    simulation.set_input("rent", period, households_rents)
+
+    tc.assertEqual(
+        simulation.calculate_add("salary", period).sum(), sum(persons_salaries)
+    )
+    tc.assertEqual(
+        simulation.calculate_add("rent", period).sum(), sum(households_rents)
+    )
+    total_taxes = simulation.calculate_add("total_taxes", period).sum()
+    tc.assertAlmostEqual(total_taxes, sum(persons_salaries) * 0.17833333, delta=1)
+
+
+def test_speed(tax_benefit_system):
+    elapsed = 0
+    for _ in range(10):
+        start = time()
+        run_simulation(tax_benefit_system)
+        end = time()
+        elapsed += end - start
+    elapsed_mean = elapsed / 10
+    # print(f"Mean elapsed time: {elapsed_mean:.2f} seconds")
+    # Expected time is less than 0.3 seconds on a AMD Threadripper 1950X
+    tc.assertLess(elapsed_mean, 0.3)