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Author: mikebo93

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+# Intermediate Representation
+
+In this section, we begin by introducing basic IR concepts and the types
+of IR employed in classical compilers. Next, we address the new
+requirements and challenges that arise in the IR design for machine
+learning frameworks. To conclude this section, we examine the types of
+IRs utilized by well-known machine learning frameworks and delve into
+their implementation.
+
+## Definition of Intermediate Representations
+
+An IR is a data structure or a form of code that a compiler utilizes to
+represent source code. Almost all compilers need IRs to model the
+program code that requires analysis, transformation, and optimization.
+The representational capability of an IR is crucial during the
+compilation process. It must accurately depict source code without
+information loss, ensure the completeness of the source-to-target code
+compilation, and guarantee the effectiveness and performance of code
+optimization.
+
+As illustrated in Figure :numref:`ch04/ch04-IR`, IRs facilitate the representation of
+multiple source program languages from the frontend and enable the
+backend to connect to various target machines. Located between the
+frontend and backend is an optimizer, which allows for the addition of
+new optimization processes directly into the frontend and backend. These
+processes use existing IRs as input and generate new IRs as output. By
+analyzing and optimizing IRs, the optimizer enhances the extensibility
+of the compilation process and minimizes the impact that might be
+introduced during an optimization process on the frontend and backend.
+
+![Compiler's optimizationprocess](../img/ch04/IR-IR_structure.png)
+:label:`ch04/ch04-IR`
+
+With the ongoing evolution of compiler techniques, the development of
+IRs has progressed through three stages. In the initial stage, IRs were
+confined within a compiler and exclusively used by compiler developers.
+During the middle stage, when specific compilers became open source, IRs
+started being made publicly available, primarily for use by the users of
+compilers and related compilation tools. In the current stage, IRs are
+advancing toward facilitating an ecosystem of ecosystems (through a
+unified IR approach), encouraging increasing stakeholders (for example,
+hardware accelerator designers, machine learning framework users, and
+more) to participate in advertising AI computing.
+
+## Types of Intermediate Representations
+
+We will discuss various types of IR structures used by classical
+compilers. Understanding these IR structures is essential for analyzing
+source programs and generating optimized compiled code. Table
+:numref:`ch06/ch06-categorize` offers an overview of the
+different IR types. It is important to design IR structures carefully,
+considering the specific requirements of the compiler's design.
+