diff --git a/rewrite-python/rewrite/src/rewrite/python/type_mapping.py b/rewrite-python/rewrite/src/rewrite/python/type_mapping.py
index 55e99ccf0b..949f400aa5 100644
--- a/rewrite-python/rewrite/src/rewrite/python/type_mapping.py
+++ b/rewrite-python/rewrite/src/rewrite/python/type_mapping.py
@@ -451,7 +451,15 @@ def _descriptor_to_java_type(self, descriptor: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[JavaT
                 fqn = f"{module_name}.{class_name}"
             else:
                 fqn = class_name
-            class_type = self._create_class_type(fqn)
+
+            # Create a fresh JavaType.Class per type_id rather than deduplicating
+            # by FQN. ty-types can emit multiple classLiterals with the same FQN
+            # (e.g., class Pair(namedtuple('Pair', ...))) and collapsing them
+            # would cause self-referential supertypes.
+            class_type = JavaType.Class()
+            class_type._flags_bit_map = 0
+            class_type._fully_qualified_name = fqn
+            class_type._kind = JavaType.FullyQualified.Kind.Class
 
             # Infer Kind from supertypes before resolving them
             supertypes = descriptor.get('supertypes', [])
@@ -468,12 +476,12 @@ def _descriptor_to_java_type(self, descriptor: Dict[str, Any]) -> Optional[JavaT
                         break
 
             # Populate supertypes: first → _supertype, rest → _interfaces
-            if supertypes and getattr(class_type, '_supertype', None) is None:
+            if supertypes:
                 super_type = self._resolve_type(supertypes[0])
                 if isinstance(super_type, JavaType.FullyQualified):
                     class_type._supertype = super_type
 
-                if len(supertypes) > 1 and getattr(class_type, '_interfaces', None) is None:
+                if len(supertypes) > 1:
                     interfaces = []
                     for st_id in supertypes[1:]:
                         iface = self._resolve_type(st_id)
diff --git a/rewrite-python/rewrite/tests/python/test_type_attribution.py b/rewrite-python/rewrite/tests/python/test_type_attribution.py
index 4299476be9..a37b984237 100644
--- a/rewrite-python/rewrite/tests/python/test_type_attribution.py
+++ b/rewrite-python/rewrite/tests/python/test_type_attribution.py
@@ -1877,3 +1877,51 @@ def test_declaration_declaring_type_with_ty_types(self):
             assert result._declaring_type._fully_qualified_name != "<unknown>"
         finally:
             _cleanup_mapping(mapping, tmpdir, client)
+
+
+class TestCyclicTypeResolution:
+    """Tests that FQN-deduplicated types don't produce self-referential supertypes.
+
+    Python's namedtuple pattern ``class Pair(namedtuple('Pair', ...))`` creates
+    two types with the same FQN. The type mapping deduplicates by FQN, which can
+    cause the single JavaType.Class object to have itself as its own supertype.
+    """
+
+    def test_namedtuple_subclass_no_self_supertype(self):
+        """A class extending a namedtuple with the same name must not have
+        itself as its own supertype.
+
+        This is the pattern from importlib_metadata._collections.Pair that
+        caused StackOverflowError in TypeUtils.isAssignableTo() on Moderne.
+        """
+        source = 'x = 1'
+        mapping = PythonTypeMapping(source)
+
+        # Simulate what ty-types produces for:
+        #   class Pair(collections.namedtuple('Pair', 'name value')): ...
+        # Two classLiteral descriptors with the same FQN but different type_ids.
+        # type_id 1: the namedtuple-generated Pair (no supertypes of its own here)
+        # type_id 2: the class Pair, whose supertype is type_id 1
+        mapping._type_registry[1] = {
+            'kind': 'classLiteral',
+            'className': 'Pair',
+            'moduleName': 'mymodule',
+            'supertypes': [],
+        }
+        mapping._type_registry[2] = {
+            'kind': 'classLiteral',
+            'className': 'Pair',
+            'moduleName': 'mymodule',
+            'supertypes': [1],
+        }
+
+        type_pair = mapping._resolve_type(2)
+
+        assert type_pair is not None
+        assert isinstance(type_pair, JavaType.FullyQualified)
+        assert type_pair.fully_qualified_name == 'mymodule.Pair'
+
+        # The supertype must NOT be itself
+        supertype = getattr(type_pair, '_supertype', None)
+        assert supertype is not type_pair, \
+            "Pair has itself as its own supertype — would cause StackOverflowError in Java"