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{product-title} 4 includes new technologies and functionality that results in a cluster that is self-managing, flexible, and automated. The way that {product-title} 4 clusters are deployed and managed drastically differs from {product-title} 3.
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{product-title} 4 contains new technologies and functionality that result in a cluster that is self-managing, flexible, and automated. {product-title} 4 clusters are deployed and managed very differently from {product-title} 3.
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To successfully transition from {product-title} 3 to {product-title} 4, it is important that you review the following information:
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The most effective way to migrate from {product-title} 3 to 4 is by using a CI/CD pipeline to automate deployments in an link:https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-is-application-lifecycle-management-alm[application lifecycle management] framework.
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If you do not have a CI/CD pipeline or if you are migrating stateful applications, you can use the {mtc-full} ({mtc-short}) to migrate your application workloads.
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To successfully transition to {product-title} 4, review the following information:
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xref:../migrating_from_ocp_3_to_4/planning-migration-3-4.adoc#planning-migration-3-4[Differences between {product-title} 3 and 4]::
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Learn about the differences between {product-title} versions 3 and 4. Prior to transitioning, be sure that you have reviewed and prepared for storage, networking, logging, security, and monitoring considerations.
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* Architecture
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* Installation and upgrade
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* Storage, network, logging, security, and monitoring considerations
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xref:../migrating_from_ocp_3_to_4/about-mtc-3-4.adoc#about-mtc-3-4[About the {mtc-full}]::
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Learn about the {mtc-full} ({mtc-short}) to migrate your application workloads.
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* Workflow
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* File system and snapshot copy methods for persistent volumes (PVs)
* Configuring the `MigrationController` custom resource for large-scale migrations
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* Enabling automatic PV resizing for direct volume migration
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* Enabling cached Kubernetes clients for improved performance
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For new features, enhancements, and known issues, see the xref:../migration-toolkit-for-containers/mtc-release-notes.adoc#mtc-release-notes[{mtc-short} release notes].
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For new features and enhancements, technical changes, and known issues, see the xref:../migration-toolkit-for-containers/mtc-release-notes.adoc#mtc-release-notes[{mtc-short} release notes].
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It is not possible to upgrade your existing {product-title} 3 cluster to {product-title} 4. You must start with a new {product-title} 4 installation. Tools are available to assist in migrating your control plane settings and application workloads.
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[id="migration-differences-architecture"]
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== Architecture
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With {product-title} 3, administrators individually deployed {op-system-base-full} hosts, and then installed {product-title} on top of these hosts to form a cluster. Administrators were responsible for properly configuring these hosts and performing updates.
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{product-title} 4 represents a significant change in the way that {product-title} clusters are deployed and managed. {product-title} 4 includes new technologies and functionality, such as Operators, machine sets, and {op-system-first}, which are core to the operation of the cluster. This technology shift enables clusters to self-manage some functions previously performed by administrators. This also ensures platform stability and consistency, and simplifies installation and scaling.
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For more information, see xref:../architecture/architecture.adoc#architecture[OpenShift Container Platform architecture].
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[id="migration-differences-architecture"]
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== Architecture differences
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[discrete]
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=== Immutable infrastructure
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For more information, see xref:../operators/understanding/olm-what-operators-are.adoc#olm-what-operators-are[Understanding Operators].
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The {mtc-short} console is installed on the target cluster by default. You can configure the {mtc-full} Operator to install the console on a link:https://access.redhat.com/articles/5064151[remote cluster].
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{mtc-short} supports the file system and snapshot data copy methods for migrating data from the source cluster to the target cluster. You can select a method that is suited for your environment and is supported by your storage provider.
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[id="migration-mtc-workflow_{context}"]
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= {mtc-full} workflow
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You use the {mtc-full} ({mtc-short}) to migrate Kubernetes resources, persistent volume data, and internal container images from an {product-title} source cluster to an {product-title} {product-version} target cluster by using the {mtc-short} web console or the Kubernetes API.
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You use the {mtc-full} ({mtc-short}) to migrate Kubernetes resources, persistent volume data, and internal container images from to {product-title} {product-version} by using the {mtc-short} web console or the Kubernetes API.
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The ({mtc-short}) migrates the following resources:
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{mtc-short} migrates the following resources:
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* A namespace specified in a migration plan.
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* Namespace-scoped resources: When the {mtc-short} migrates a namespace, it migrates all the objects and resources associated with that namespace, such as services or pods. Additionally, if a resource that exists in the namespace but not at the cluster level depends on a resource that exists at the cluster level, the {mtc-short} migrates both resources.
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For example, a security context constraint (SCC) is a resource that exists at the cluster level and a service account (SA) is a resource that exists at the namespace level. If an SA exists in a namespace that the {mtc-short} migrates, the {mtc-short} automatically locates any SCCs that are linked to the SA and also migrates those SCCs. Similarly, the {mtc-short} migrates persistent volume claims that are linked to the persistent volumes of the namespace.
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[NOTE]
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====
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Cluster-scoped resources might have to be migrated manually, depending on the resource.
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====
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* Custom resources (CRs) and custom resource definitions (CRDs): The {mtc-short} automatically migrates any CRs that exist at the namespace level as well as the CRDs that are linked to those CRs.
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* Custom resources (CRs) and custom resource definitions (CRDs): {mtc-short} automatically migrates CRs and CRDs at the namespace level.
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Migrating an application with the {mtc-short} web console involves the following steps:
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. Configure the replication repository, an intermediate object storage that {mtc-short} uses to migrate data.
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The source and target clusters must have network access to the replication repository during migration. In a restricted environment, you can use an internally hosted S3 storage repository. If you are using a proxy server, you must configure it to allow network traffic between the replication repository and the clusters.
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The source and target clusters must have network access to the replication repository during migration. In a restricted environment, you can use Multi-Cloud Object Gateway (MCG). If you are using a proxy server, you must configure it to allow network traffic between the replication repository and the clusters.
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. Add the source cluster to the {mtc-short} web console.
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. Add the replication repository to the {mtc-short} web console.
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* *Stage* (optional) copies data to the target cluster without stopping the application.
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Staging can be run multiple times so that most of the data is copied to the target before migration. This minimizes the duration of the migration and application downtime.
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Staging can be run multiple times so that most of the data is copied to the target before migration. This minimizes the duration of the migration and the application downtime.
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* *Migrate* stops the application on the source cluster and recreates its resources on the target cluster. Optionally, you can migrate the workload without stopping the application.
= Direct volume migration and direct image migration
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You can use direct image migration (DIM) and direct volume migration (DVM) to migrate images and data directly from the source cluster to the target cluster.
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