@@ -783,22 +783,33 @@ void runBackgroundGCTask(PythonContext context) {
783783 * extensions - this can only be loaded once per process.
784784 */
785785 private static final AtomicBoolean nativeCAPILoaded = new AtomicBoolean ();
786- private static final AtomicBoolean warnedSecondContexWithNativeCAPI = new AtomicBoolean ();
787786
788787 private Runnable nativeFinalizerRunnable ;
789788 private Thread nativeFinalizerShutdownHook ;
790789
791790 @ TruffleBoundary
792- public static CApiContext ensureCapiWasLoaded () {
791+ public static CApiContext ensureCapiWasLoaded (String reason ) {
793792 try {
794- return CApiContext .ensureCapiWasLoaded (null , PythonContext .get (null ), T_EMPTY_STRING , T_EMPTY_STRING );
793+ return CApiContext .ensureCapiWasLoaded (null , PythonContext .get (null ), T_EMPTY_STRING , T_EMPTY_STRING , reason );
795794 } catch (Exception e ) {
796795 throw CompilerDirectives .shouldNotReachHere (e );
797796 }
798797 }
799798
799+ @ TruffleBoundary
800+ public static Object ensureCApiLLVMLibrary (PythonContext context ) throws IOException , ImportException , ApiInitException {
801+ CApiContext cApiContext = ensureCapiWasLoaded (null , context , T_EMPTY_STRING , T_EMPTY_STRING , " load LLVM library (this is an internal bug)" );
802+ return cApiContext .getLLVMLibrary ();
803+ }
804+
800805 @ TruffleBoundary
801806 public static CApiContext ensureCapiWasLoaded (Node node , PythonContext context , TruffleString name , TruffleString path ) throws IOException , ImportException , ApiInitException {
807+ return ensureCapiWasLoaded (node , context , name , path , null );
808+ }
809+
810+ @ TruffleBoundary
811+ public static CApiContext ensureCapiWasLoaded (Node node , PythonContext context , TruffleString name , TruffleString path , String reason ) throws IOException , ImportException , ApiInitException {
812+ assert PythonContext .get (null ).ownsGil (); // unsafe lazy initialization
802813 if (!context .hasCApiContext ()) {
803814 Env env = context .getEnv ();
804815 InteropLibrary U = InteropLibrary .getUncached ();
@@ -809,17 +820,25 @@ public static CApiContext ensureCapiWasLoaded(Node node, PythonContext context,
809820 TruffleFile capiFile = homePath .resolve (libName ).getCanonicalFile (LinkOption .NOFOLLOW_LINKS );
810821 try {
811822 SourceBuilder capiSrcBuilder ;
812- final boolean useNative ;
813- if (PythonOptions .NativeModules .getValue (env .getOptions ())) {
814- useNative = nativeCAPILoaded .compareAndSet (false , true );
815- if (!useNative && warnedSecondContexWithNativeCAPI .compareAndSet (false , true )) {
816- LOGGER .warning ("GraalPy option 'NativeModules' is set to true, " +
817- "but only one context in the process can use native modules, " +
818- "second and other contexts fallback to NativeModules=false and " +
819- "will use LLVM bitcode execution via GraalVM LLVM." );
823+ final boolean useNative = PythonOptions .NativeModules .getValue (env .getOptions ());
824+ if (useNative ) {
825+ boolean canUseNative = nativeCAPILoaded .compareAndSet (false , true );
826+ if (!canUseNative ) {
827+ String actualReason = "initialize native extensions support" ;
828+ if (reason != null ) {
829+ actualReason = reason ;
830+ } else if (name != null && path != null ) {
831+ actualReason = String .format ("load a native module '%s' from path '%s'" , name .toJavaStringUncached (), path .toJavaStringUncached ());
832+ }
833+ throw new ApiInitException (TruffleString .fromJavaStringUncached (
834+ String .format ("Option python.NativeModules is set to 'true' and a second GraalPy context attempted to %s. " +
835+ "GraalPy currently only supports loading and using native extensions from one context when python.NativeModules is enabled. " +
836+ "To resolve this issue, ensure that native extensions are used only in one GraalPy context per process or" +
837+ "set python.NativeModules to 'false' to run native extensions in LLVM mode, which is recommended only " +
838+ "for extensions included in the Python standard library. Running a 3rd party extension in LLVM mode requires " +
839+ "a custom build of the extension and is generally discouraged due to compatibility reasons." , actualReason ),
840+ PythonUtils .TS_ENCODING ));
820841 }
821- } else {
822- useNative = false ;
823842 }
824843 if (useNative ) {
825844 context .ensureNFILanguage (node , "NativeModules" , "true" );
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