0725.md

Error in user YAML: (<unknown>): could not find expected ':' while scanning a simple key at line 3 column 1

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- oeasy Python 0725
- 这是 oeasy 系统化 Python 教程，从基础一步步讲，扎实、完整、不跳步。愿意花时间学，就能真正学会。
本教程同步发布在： 

     个人网站： `https://oeasy.org` 
     蓝桥云课： `https://www.lanqiao.cn/courses/3584` 
     GitHub： `https://github.com/overmind1980/oeasy-python-tutorial` 
     Gitee： `https://gitee.com/overmind1980/oeasypython` 
---

小鸡啄米图

• 效果

import bpy

bpy.ops.object.select_all(action="SELECT")
bpy.ops.object.delete()

def create_niao():
    niao = bpy.data.objects.new("niao", None)
    bpy.data.collections["Collection"].objects.link(niao) 

    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    head_obj = bpy.context.object
    head_obj.name = "head"
    head_obj.location = (0.7, 0, 4.5)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_tou')
    mat.diffuse_color = (1, 1, 1, 1)
    head_obj.data.materials.append(mat)
    bpy.context.object.parent = niao
    bpy.context.scene.frame_start = 1
    bpy.context.scene.frame_end = 10
    
    head_obj.location = (0.7, 0, 4.5)
    head_obj.rotation_euler = (0,0,0)
    head_obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="location", index=-1, frame=1)
    head_obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="rotation_euler", index=-1, frame=1)
    
    head_obj.location = (1.5, 0, 3)
    head_obj.rotation_euler = (0,1,0) 
    head_obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="location", index=-1, frame=5)
    head_obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="rotation_euler", index=-1, frame=5)
    
    head_obj.location = (0.7, 0, 4.5)
    head_obj.rotation_euler = (0,0,0)
    head_obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="location", index=-1, frame=10)
    head_obj.keyframe_insert(data_path="rotation_euler", index=-1, frame=10)
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    bpy.context.object.name ="body"
    bpy.context.object.parent = niao
    bpy.data.objects["body"].location = (-1,0,2.5)
    bpy.data.objects["body"].rotation_euler = (0,0,0)
    bpy.data.objects["body"].scale = (2,2,2)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_body')
    color = (1, 1, 1, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    bpy.context.object.parent = niao

    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cone_add()
    zui_obj = bpy.context.object
    zui_obj.name = "zui"
    zui_obj.location = (1.2,0,0)
    zui_obj.rotation_euler = (0,1.5,0)
    zui_obj.scale = (0.6,0.7,0.7)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_zui')
    color = (0.5, 0.3, 0.2, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    zui_obj.parent = head_obj

    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    toushi1_obj = bpy.context.object
    toushi1_obj.name = "toushi1"
    toushi1_obj.location = (-0,0,1.3)
    toushi1_obj.scale = (0.5,0.5,0.5)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_toushi1')
    color = (0.3, 0.1, 0.1, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    toushi1_obj.parent = head_obj
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    toushi2_obj = bpy.context.object
    toushi2_obj.name = "toushi2"
    toushi2_obj.location = (-0.8,0,1)
    toushi2_obj.scale = (0.5,0.5,0.5)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_toushi2')
    color = (0.3, 0.1, 0.1, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    toushi2_obj.parent = head_obj
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    toushi3_obj = bpy.context.object
    toushi3_obj.name = "toushi3"
    toushi3_obj.location = (0.7,0,-1)
    toushi3_obj.scale = (0.5,0.5,0.5)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_toushi3')
    color = (0.3, 0.1, 0.1, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    toushi3_obj.parent = head_obj
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    eye_l_obj = bpy.context.object
    eye_l_obj.name = "eye_l"
    eye_l_obj.location = (0.8,0.5,0.4)
    eye_l_obj.scale = (0.5,0.5,0.5)
    bpy.data.objects["eye_l"].scale = (0.3,0.3,0.3)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_eye_l')
    color = (0, 0, 0, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    eye_l_obj.parent = head_obj
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    eye_r_obj = bpy.context.object
    eye_r_obj.name = "eye_r"
    eye_r_obj.location = (0.8,-0.5,0.4)
    eye_r_obj.scale = (0.5,0.5,0.5)
    bpy.data.objects["eye_r"].scale = (0.3,0.3,0.3)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_eye_r')
    color = (0, 0, 0, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    eye_r_obj.parent = head_obj
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add()
    bpy.context.object.name = "jiaor"
    bpy.context.object.parent = niao
    bpy.data.objects["jiaor"].location = (-1,-0.5,0)
    bpy.data.objects["jiaor"].rotation_euler = (0,0,0)
    bpy.data.objects["jiaor"].scale = (0.1,0.1,0.8)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_jiaor')
    color = (0.5, 0.3, 0.2, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    bpy.context.object.parent = niao
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add()
    bpy.context.object.name = "jiaol"
    bpy.context.object.parent = niao
    bpy.data.objects["jiaol"].location = (-1,0.5,0)
    bpy.data.objects["jiaol"].rotation_euler = (0,0,0)
    bpy.data.objects["jiaol"].scale = (0.1,0.1,0.8)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_jiaol')
    color = (0.5, 0.3, 0.2, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    bpy.context.object.parent = niao
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add()
    bpy.context.object.name = "cao"
    bpy.data.objects["cao"].location = (0,0,0)
    bpy.data.objects["cao"].rotation_euler = (0,0,0)
    bpy.data.objects["cao"].scale = (20,20,0.1)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_cao')
    color =( 0.1, 0.6, 0.1, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    bpy.context.object.name = "mi"
    bpy.data.objects["mi"].location = (2,.7,0.2)
    bpy.data.objects["mi"].rotation_euler = (0,0,5)
    bpy.data.objects["mi"].scale = (0.3,0.1,0.1)
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new('mat_mi')
    color = (1, 1, 0.4, 1)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    bpy.context.object.data.materials.append(mat)
    
def init_camera():
    camera = bpy.data.cameras.new('Camera')
    camera_obj = bpy.data.objects.new('Camera', camera)
    bpy.data.collections["Collection"].objects.link(camera_obj)
    camera.lens = 50  # Focal length in millimeters
    camera.sensor_width = 36  # Sensor width in millimeters
    camera.sensor_height = 24  # Sensor height in millimeters
    camera_obj.location = (21,5.9, 8.1)  # X, Y, Z coordinates
    camera_obj.rotation_euler = (1.172,0,1.8)
    bpy.context.scene.camera = camera_obj

def create_camera():
    bpy.ops.object.camera_add()
    camera = bpy.context.object
    camera.location = (12.101823806762695, -4.5784618854522705, 8.910723686218262)
    camera.rotation_euler = (1.1, 0.013265283778309822, 1.1482713222503662)
    bpy.context.scene.camera = camera

def create_light():
    bpy.ops.object.light_add(type='SPOT')
    light = bpy.context.object
    light.location = (6.413093566894531, -6.293662071228027, 12.76513385772705)
    light.rotation_euler = (0.6422812938690186, -1.269639060552663e-08, 0.802851676940918)
    light.data.energy = 8000
    bpy.context.object.scale = (3,3,3)

def render():
    bpy.context.scene.frame_end = 10
    bpy.context.scene.render.resolution_x = 1280
    bpy.context.scene.render.resolution_y = 720
    bpy.context.scene.render.resolution_percentage = 50
    bpy.context.scene.render.engine = 'CYCLES'
    bpy.context.scene.render.filepath = 'D:/bL/ji'
    bpy.ops.render.render(animation=True)
create_niao()
create_camera()
create_light()
render()

整体运动的蛋仔

import bpy

def create_material(name, color):
    mat = bpy.data.materials.new(name)
    mat.diffuse_color = color
    return mat

def create_egg():
    # 清空场景
    bpy.ops.object.select_all(action="SELECT")
    bpy.ops.object.delete()
    
    # 创建空对象作为父级
    egg = bpy.data.objects.new("egg", None)
    bpy.data.collections["Collection"].objects.link(egg)
    
    # 创建各个部件
    parts = {}
    
    # 身体
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    parts['body'] = bpy.context.object
    parts['body'].name = "body"
    parts['body'].location = (0, 0, 0)
    parts['body'].scale = (5.0, 5.0, 5.0)
    parts['body'].data.materials.append(create_material('mat_body', (1, 0.779, 0.012, 1)))
    
    # 脸部
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    parts['face'] = bpy.context.object
    parts['face'].name = "face"
    parts['face'].location = (1.5, 0, 0.5)
    parts['face'].scale = (3.85, 3.9, 3.9)
    parts['face'].data.materials.append(create_material('mat_face', (1, 0.829, 0.726, 1)))
    
    # 手部
    hand_configs = [
        ("r_hand", (0.4, 3.8, 0), (1.6, 4.5, 1.6), (0, 0.35, 0)),
        ("l_hand", (0.4, -3.8, 0.5), (1.6, 4.5, 1.6), (-0.6, 0.35, 0))
    ]
    
    for name, loc, scale, rot in hand_configs:
        bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
        hand = bpy.context.object
        hand.name = name
        hand.location = loc
        hand.scale = scale
        hand.rotation_euler = rot
        hand.data.materials.append(create_material('mat_hand', (1, 0.779, 0.012, 1)))
        parts[name] = hand
    
    # 脚部
    foot_configs = [
        ("r_foot", (4.5, 2.5, -2.6), (1.5, 1.6, 2.0), (0, 0.35, 0.87)),
        ("l_foot", (-0.5, -2.8, -4.5), (1.6, 1.8, 2.0), (-0.5, 0, -0.6))
    ]
    
    for name, loc, scale, rot in foot_configs:
        bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
        foot = bpy.context.object
        foot.name = name
        foot.location = loc
        foot.scale = scale
        foot.rotation_euler = rot
        foot.data.materials.append(create_material('mat_foot', (1, 1, 1, 1)))
        parts[name] = foot
    
    # 头顶装饰
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add()
    parts['kaka'] = bpy.context.object
    parts['kaka'].name = "kaka"
    parts['kaka'].location = (0, 0, 5.5)
    parts['kaka'].scale = (0.4, 0.4, 1)
    parts['kaka'].data.materials.append(create_material('mat_kaka', (1, 0.779, 0.012, 1)))
    
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    parts['jiujiu'] = bpy.context.object
    parts['jiujiu'].name = "jiujiu"
    parts['jiujiu'].location = (0, 0, 6.5)
    parts['jiujiu'].scale = (0.9, 0.9, 0.9)
    parts['jiujiu'].data.materials.append(create_material('mat_jiujiu', (1, 0.779, 0.012, 1)))
    
    # 眼睛
    eye_configs = [
        ("r_eye", (4.7, 1.3, 2.0), (0.6, 0.6, 0.6), (1, 1, 1, 1)),
        ("l_eye", (4.7, -1.3, 2.0), (0.6, 0.6, 0.6), (1, 1, 1, 1)),
        ("r_eyelittle", (5.0, 1.3, 2.1), (0.4, 0.4, 0.4), (0, 0, 0, 1)),
        ("l_eyelittle", (5.0, -1.3, 2.1), (0.4, 0.4, 0.4), (0, 0, 0, 1))
    ]
    
    for name, loc, scale, color in eye_configs:
        bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
        eye = bpy.context.object
        eye.name = name
        eye.location = loc
        eye.scale = scale
        eye.data.materials.append(create_material(f'mat_{name}', color))
        parts[name] = eye
    
    # 嘴巴
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_uv_sphere_add()
    parts['mouth'] = bpy.context.object
    parts['mouth'].name = "mouth"
    parts['mouth'].location = (5.3, 0, 0.5)
    parts['mouth'].scale = (0.2, 0.4, 0.6)
    parts['mouth'].data.materials.append(create_material('mat_mouth', (1, 0.2, 0.3, 1)))

    # 选择所有对象
    bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='DESELECT')
    for obj in bpy.data.objects:
        if obj != egg and obj.type == 'MESH':
            obj.select_set(True)
            obj.parent = egg
    return egg,parts

def setup_scene():
    egg, parts = create_egg()
    # 创建地面
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_plane_add(size=20, location=(0, 0, -6))
    ground = bpy.context.object 
    ground.name = "Ground" 
    ground.cycles.is_shadow_catcher = True
    
    # 设置相机
    camera = bpy.data.cameras.new('MyCamera')  
    camera_obj = bpy.data.objects.new('CameraObj', camera) 
    bpy.context.scene.collection.objects.link(camera_obj)  
    camera.lens = 50  
    camera.sensor_width = 36 
    camera.sensor_height = 24 
    camera_obj.location = (35, -1.8, 8.0)   
    camera_obj.rotation_euler = (1.40, 0.014, 1.50)   
    bpy.context.scene.camera = camera_obj
    
    # 设置灯光
    bpy.ops.object.light_add(type='SUN',radius=20,location=(0,20,0), rotation=(-1.57,0,0))
    bpy.ops.object.light_add(type='AREA',radius=20,location=(-13, -8, 10), rotation=(0.0, -0.84, 0.58))
    bpy.context.object.data.energy = 2000
    bpy.ops.object.light_add(type='AREA',radius=20,location=(13, -8, 10), rotation=(0.0, -0.84, 2.8))
    bpy.context.object.data.energy = 2000
    
    # 动画
    bpy.context.scene.frame_end = 30
    bpy.context.scene.frame_current = 1
    
     # 获取角色和部件引用
    r_foot = parts['r_foot']
    l_foot = parts['l_foot']
    r_hand = parts['r_hand']
    l_hand = parts['l_hand']
    
    for i in range(5):
        if i % 2 == 0:
            egg.location = (0,0,0)
        else:
            egg.location = (0,0,4)
        egg.keyframe_insert(data_path="location",frame=1+i*15,index=2)
        
        if i % 2 == 0:
            r_foot.location = (4.5, 2.5, -2.6)
            l_foot.location = (-0.5, -2.8, -4.5)
        else:
            r_foot.location = (-0.5, 2.5, -4.5)
            l_foot.location = (4.5, -2.8, -2.6)
        # 为脚部添加关键帧（Y轴方向）
        r_foot.keyframe_insert(data_path="location",frame=1+i*15)
        l_foot.keyframe_insert(data_path="location",frame=1+i*15)
        
        if i % 2 == 0:
            r_hand.rotation_euler = (0, 0.35, 0)
            l_hand.rotation_euler = (-0.6, 0.35, 0)
        else:
            r_hand.rotation_euler = (0.6, 0.35, 0)
            l_hand.rotation_euler = (0.6, 0.35, 0)
        # 为脚部添加关键帧（Y轴方向）
        r_hand.keyframe_insert(data_path="rotation_euler",frame=1+i*15)
        l_hand.keyframe_insert(data_path="rotation_euler",frame=1+i*15)

    # 设置序列图片渲染参数       
    bpy.context.scene.render.resolution_x = 1280
    bpy.context.scene.render.resolution_y = 960
    bpy.context.scene.render.engine = 'CYCLES'
    bpy.context.scene.render.filepath = "D:/eggy/e"

    # 设置视频渲染路径和渲染动画
    bpy.context.scene.render.filepath = "/tmp/egg.mp4"
    bpy.context.scene.render.image_settings.file_format = 'FFMPEG'
    bpy.ops.render.render(animation=True)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    egg = create_egg()
    setup_scene()
    bpy.ops.render.render(write_still=True)

---

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