TST(string dtype): Resolve HDF5 xfails in test_put.py #21204

Job	Run time
Pyodide build	24m 36s
Linux-32-bit	19m 28s
Linux-Musl	20m 49s
python-freethreading	23m 4s
python-dev (macOS-13)	21m 6s
python-dev (macOS-14)	9m 55s
python-dev (ubuntu-22.04)	20m 18s
python-dev (windows-latest)	22m 44s
macos-13 actions-310.yaml	29m 50s
macos-13 actions-311.yaml	27m 42s
macos-14 actions-310.yaml	17m 35s
macos-14 actions-311.yaml	17m 4s
macos-13 actions-312.yaml	32m 41s
macos-14 actions-312.yaml	18m 50s
windows-latest actions-311.yaml	34m 35s
windows-latest actions-312.yaml	46m 3s
windows-latest actions-310.yaml	33m 4s
ubuntu-latest actions-310.yaml	45m 35s
Minimum Versions	24m 36s
Locale: zh_CN	24m 22s
ubuntu-latest actions-311.yaml	41m 22s
Future infer strings (without pyarrow)	38m 14s
Locale: it_IT	23m 4s
Downstream Compat	5m 33s
Numpy Dev	17m 6s
Pyarrow Nightly	19m 55s
Pypy	1m 12s
ubuntu-latest actions-312.yaml	44m 42s
Future infer strings	47m 24s
	12h 32m 29s

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