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BUG: Fix .rolling().mean() returning NaNs on reassignment (#61841)
Fixes issue #61841 where `.rolling().mean()` unexpectedly returns all NaNs when the same assignment is executed more than once, even with `.copy()` used on the DataFrame.
---
### Problem
When using:
```python
df = pd.DataFrame({"Close": range(1, 31)})
df = df.copy()
df["SMA20"] = df["Close"].rolling(20).mean()
df["SMA20"] = df["Close"].rolling(20).mean() # ❌ Unexpectedly returns all NaNs
```
Only the first assignment works as expected. The second assignment results in a column full of NaNs. This bug is caused by slicing the output with `[:: self.step]` inside `_apply()`, which alters the result's shape and breaks alignment during reassignment.
---
### Fix
In `Window._apply()`, we updated the logic to apply slicing only when needed and only after the result is correctly shaped:
**Before (buggy):**
```python
return self._apply_columnwise(...)[:: self.step]
```
**After (fixed):**
```python
result = self._apply_columnwise(...)
if self.step is not None and self.step > 1:
if isinstance(result, pd.Series):
result = result.iloc[::self.step]
elif isinstance(result, pd.DataFrame):
result = result.iloc[::self.step, :]
return result
```
This change:
* Preserves result shape and index alignment
* Ensures `.rolling().mean()` works even on repeated assignment
* Matches behavior in Pandas 2.3.x and above
---
### Testing
Reproduced and verified the fix using both real-world and synthetic data:
```python
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df = pd.DataFrame({"Close": np.arange(1, 31)})
df = df.copy()
df["SMA20"] = df["Close"].rolling(20).mean()
print(df["SMA20"].tail())
df["SMA20"] = df["Close"].rolling(20).mean()
print(df["SMA20"].tail()) # ✅ Now works correctly
```
---
### Notes
* This was confirmed to be broken in Pandas 2.2.x and was still reproducible in `main` without this patch.
* Newer versions avoid the issue due to deeper internal refactors, but this fix explicitly prevents the bug in current code.
---
Let me know if anything needs improvement. Thanks for reviewing!
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