Merge branch 'main' of https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas into doc_benchmarks

Author: rhshadrach

doc/source/reference/groupby.rst

@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ Function application
    DataFrameGroupBy.cumsum
    DataFrameGroupBy.describe
    DataFrameGroupBy.diff
+   DataFrameGroupBy.ewm
+   DataFrameGroupBy.expanding
    DataFrameGroupBy.ffill
    DataFrameGroupBy.first
    DataFrameGroupBy.head
@@ -130,6 +132,8 @@ Function application
    SeriesGroupBy.cumsum
    SeriesGroupBy.describe
    SeriesGroupBy.diff
+   SeriesGroupBy.ewm
+   SeriesGroupBy.expanding
    SeriesGroupBy.ffill
    SeriesGroupBy.first
    SeriesGroupBy.head

doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ Other enhancements
 - :meth:`Series.cummin` and :meth:`Series.cummax` now supports :class:`CategoricalDtype` (:issue:`52335`)
 - :meth:`Series.plot` now correctly handle the ``ylabel`` parameter for pie charts, allowing for explicit control over the y-axis label (:issue:`58239`)
 - :meth:`DataFrame.plot.scatter` argument ``c`` now accepts a column of strings, where rows with the same string are colored identically (:issue:`16827` and :issue:`16485`)
+- :meth:`Series.nlargest` uses a 'stable' sort internally and will preserve original ordering.
 - :class:`ArrowDtype` now supports ``pyarrow.JsonType`` (:issue:`60958`)
 - :class:`DataFrameGroupBy` and :class:`SeriesGroupBy` methods ``sum``, ``mean``, ``median``, ``prod``, ``min``, ``max``, ``std``, ``var`` and ``sem`` now accept ``skipna`` parameter (:issue:`15675`)
 - :class:`Rolling` and :class:`Expanding` now support ``nunique`` (:issue:`26958`)
@@ -421,6 +422,7 @@ Other Deprecations
 - Deprecated lowercase strings ``w``, ``w-mon``, ``w-tue``, etc. denoting frequencies in :class:`Week` in favour of ``W``, ``W-MON``, ``W-TUE``, etc. (:issue:`58998`)
 - Deprecated parameter ``method`` in :meth:`DataFrame.reindex_like` / :meth:`Series.reindex_like` (:issue:`58667`)
 - Deprecated strings ``w``, ``d``, ``MIN``, ``MS``, ``US`` and ``NS`` denoting units in :class:`Timedelta` in favour of ``W``, ``D``, ``min``, ``ms``, ``us`` and ``ns`` (:issue:`59051`)
+- Deprecated the ``arg`` parameter of ``Series.map``; pass the added ``func`` argument instead. (:issue:`61260`)
 - Deprecated using ``epoch`` date format in :meth:`DataFrame.to_json` and :meth:`Series.to_json`, use ``iso`` instead. (:issue:`57063`)
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -592,6 +594,7 @@ Performance improvements
 - :func:`concat` returns a :class:`RangeIndex` column when possible when ``objs`` contains :class:`Series` and :class:`DataFrame` and ``axis=0`` (:issue:`58119`)
 - :func:`concat` returns a :class:`RangeIndex` level in the :class:`MultiIndex` result when ``keys`` is a ``range`` or :class:`RangeIndex` (:issue:`57542`)
 - :meth:`RangeIndex.append` returns a :class:`RangeIndex` instead of a :class:`Index` when appending values that could continue the :class:`RangeIndex` (:issue:`57467`)
+- :meth:`Series.nlargest` has improved performance when there are duplicate values in the index (:issue:`55767`)
 - :meth:`Series.str.extract` returns a :class:`RangeIndex` columns instead of an :class:`Index` column when possible (:issue:`57542`)
 - :meth:`Series.str.partition` with :class:`ArrowDtype` returns a :class:`RangeIndex` columns instead of an :class:`Index` column when possible (:issue:`57768`)
 - Performance improvement in :class:`DataFrame` when ``data`` is a ``dict`` and ``columns`` is specified (:issue:`24368`)
@@ -622,6 +625,7 @@ Performance improvements
 - Performance improvement in :meth:`CategoricalDtype.update_dtype` when ``dtype`` is a :class:`CategoricalDtype` with non ``None`` categories and ordered (:issue:`59647`)
 - Performance improvement in :meth:`DataFrame.__getitem__` when ``key`` is a :class:`DataFrame` with many columns (:issue:`61010`)
 - Performance improvement in :meth:`DataFrame.astype` when converting to extension floating dtypes, e.g. "Float64" (:issue:`60066`)
+- Performance improvement in :meth:`DataFrame.stack` when using ``future_stack=True`` and the DataFrame does not have a :class:`MultiIndex` (:issue:`58391`)
 - Performance improvement in :meth:`DataFrame.where` when ``cond`` is a :class:`DataFrame` with many columns (:issue:`61010`)
 - Performance improvement in :meth:`to_hdf` avoid unnecessary reopenings of the HDF5 file to speedup data addition to files with a very large number of groups . (:issue:`58248`)
 - Performance improvement in ``DataFrameGroupBy.__len__`` and ``SeriesGroupBy.__len__`` (:issue:`57595`)
@@ -637,6 +641,7 @@ Bug fixes
 Categorical
 ^^^^^^^^^^^
 - Bug in :func:`Series.apply` where ``nan`` was ignored for :class:`CategoricalDtype` (:issue:`59938`)
+- Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.pivot` and :meth:`DataFrame.set_index` raising an ``ArrowNotImplementedError`` for columns with pyarrow dictionary dtype (:issue:`53051`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.convert_dtypes` with ``dtype_backend="pyarrow"`` where empty :class:`CategoricalDtype` :class:`Series` raised an error or got converted to ``null[pyarrow]`` (:issue:`59934`)
 -
 
@@ -649,6 +654,7 @@ Datetimelike
 - Bug in :func:`date_range` where using a negative frequency value would not include all points between the start and end values (:issue:`56147`)
 - Bug in :func:`tseries.api.guess_datetime_format` would fail to infer time format when "%Y" == "%H%M" (:issue:`57452`)
 - Bug in :func:`tseries.frequencies.to_offset` would fail to parse frequency strings starting with "LWOM" (:issue:`59218`)
+- Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.fillna` raising an ``AssertionError`` instead of ``OutOfBoundsDatetime`` when filling a ``datetime64[ns]`` column with an out-of-bounds timestamp. Now correctly raises ``OutOfBoundsDatetime``. (:issue:`61208`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.min` and :meth:`DataFrame.max` casting ``datetime64`` and ``timedelta64`` columns to ``float64`` and losing precision (:issue:`60850`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Dataframe.agg` with df with missing values resulting in IndexError (:issue:`58810`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DatetimeIndex.is_year_start` and :meth:`DatetimeIndex.is_quarter_start` does not raise on Custom business days frequencies bigger then "1C" (:issue:`58664`)
@@ -763,6 +769,7 @@ Plotting
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.plot.bar` with ``stacked=True`` where labels on stacked bars with zero-height segments were incorrectly positioned at the base instead of the label position of the previous segment (:issue:`59429`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.plot.line` raising ``ValueError`` when set both color and a ``dict`` style (:issue:`59461`)
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.plot` that causes a shift to the right when the frequency multiplier is greater than one. (:issue:`57587`)
+- Bug in :meth:`Series.plot` preventing a line and bar from being aligned on the same plot (:issue:`61161`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.plot` preventing a line and scatter plot from being aligned (:issue:`61005`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Series.plot` with ``kind="pie"`` with :class:`ArrowDtype` (:issue:`59192`)
 

pandas/__init__.py

@@ -4,19 +4,17 @@
 
 # Let users know if they're missing any of our hard dependencies
 _hard_dependencies = ("numpy", "dateutil")
-_missing_dependencies = []
 
 for _dependency in _hard_dependencies:
     try:
         __import__(_dependency)
     except ImportError as _e:  # pragma: no cover
-        _missing_dependencies.append(f"{_dependency}: {_e}")
+        raise ImportError(
+            f"Unable to import required dependency {_dependency}. "
+            "Please see the traceback for details."
+        ) from _e
 
-if _missing_dependencies:  # pragma: no cover
-    raise ImportError(
-        "Unable to import required dependencies:\n" + "\n".join(_missing_dependencies)
-    )
-del _hard_dependencies, _dependency, _missing_dependencies
+del _hard_dependencies, _dependency
 
 try:
     # numpy compat

pandas/core/arrays/categorical.py

@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ def __init__(
                 if isinstance(values, Index):
                     arr = values._data._pa_array.combine_chunks()
                 else:
-                    arr = values._pa_array.combine_chunks()
+                    arr = extract_array(values)._pa_array.combine_chunks()
                 categories = arr.dictionary.to_pandas(types_mapper=ArrowDtype)
                 codes = arr.indices.to_numpy()
                 dtype = CategoricalDtype(categories, values.dtype.pyarrow_dtype.ordered)

pandas/core/groupby/groupby.py

@@ -3803,16 +3803,58 @@ def rolling(
         )
 
     @final
-    @Substitution(name="groupby")
-    @Appender(_common_see_also)
     def expanding(self, *args, **kwargs) -> ExpandingGroupby:
         """
-        Return an expanding grouper, providing expanding
-        functionality per group.
+        Return an expanding grouper, providing expanding functionality per group.
+
+        Arguments are the same as `:meth:DataFrame.rolling` except that ``step`` cannot
+        be specified.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        *args : tuple
+            Positional arguments passed to the expanding window constructor.
+        **kwargs : dict
+            Keyword arguments passed to the expanding window constructor.
 
         Returns
         -------
         pandas.api.typing.ExpandingGroupby
+            An object that supports expanding transformations over each group.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        Series.expanding : Expanding transformations for Series.
+        DataFrame.expanding : Expanding transformations for DataFrames.
+        Series.groupby : Apply a function groupby to a Series.
+        DataFrame.groupby : Apply a function groupby.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> df = pd.DataFrame(
+        ...     {
+        ...         "Class": ["A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B"],
+        ...         "Value": [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60],
+        ...     }
+        ... )
+        >>> df
+          Class  Value
+        0     A     10
+        1     A     20
+        2     A     30
+        3     B     40
+        4     B     50
+        5     B     60
+
+        >>> df.groupby("Class").expanding().mean()
+                 Value
+        Class
+        A     0   10.0
+              1   15.0
+              2   20.0
+        B     3   40.0
+              4   45.0
+              5   50.0
         """
         from pandas.core.window import ExpandingGroupby
 
@@ -3824,15 +3866,79 @@ def expanding(self, *args, **kwargs) -> ExpandingGroupby:
         )
 
     @final
-    @Substitution(name="groupby")
-    @Appender(_common_see_also)
     def ewm(self, *args, **kwargs) -> ExponentialMovingWindowGroupby:
         """
         Return an ewm grouper, providing ewm functionality per group.
 
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        *args : tuple
+            Positional arguments passed to the EWM window constructor.
+        **kwargs : dict
+            Keyword arguments passed to the EWM window constructor, such as:
+
+            com : float, optional
+                Specify decay in terms of center of mass.
+                ``span``, ``halflife``, and ``alpha`` are alternative ways to specify
+                decay.
+            span : float, optional
+                Specify decay in terms of span.
+            halflife : float, optional
+                Specify decay in terms of half-life.
+            alpha : float, optional
+                Specify smoothing factor directly.
+            min_periods : int, default 0
+                Minimum number of observations in the window required to have a value;
+                otherwise, result is ``np.nan``.
+            adjust : bool, default True
+                Divide by decaying adjustment factor to account for imbalance in
+                relative weights.
+            ignore_na : bool, default False
+                Ignore missing values when calculating weights.
+            times : str or array-like of datetime64, optional
+                Times corresponding to the observations.
+            axis : {0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 0
+                Axis along which the EWM function is applied.
+
         Returns
         -------
         pandas.api.typing.ExponentialMovingWindowGroupby
+            An object that supports exponentially weighted moving transformations over
+            each group.
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        Series.ewm : EWM transformations for Series.
+        DataFrame.ewm : EWM transformations for DataFrames.
+        Series.groupby : Apply a function groupby to a Series.
+        DataFrame.groupby : Apply a function groupby.
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> df = pd.DataFrame(
+        ...     {
+        ...         "Class": ["A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B"],
+        ...         "Value": [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60],
+        ...     }
+        ... )
+        >>> df
+        Class  Value
+        0     A     10
+        1     A     20
+        2     A     30
+        3     B     40
+        4     B     50
+        5     B     60
+
+        >>> df.groupby("Class").ewm(com=0.5).mean()
+                     Value
+        Class
+        A     0  10.000000
+              1  17.500000
+              2  26.153846
+        B     3  40.000000
+              4  47.500000
+              5  56.153846
         """
         from pandas.core.window import ExponentialMovingWindowGroupby
 

pandas/core/internals/blocks.py

@@ -1679,6 +1679,8 @@ def where(self, other, cond) -> list[Block]:
 
         try:
             res_values = arr._where(cond, other).T
+        except OutOfBoundsDatetime:
+            raise
         except (ValueError, TypeError):
             if self.ndim == 1 or self.shape[0] == 1:
                 if isinstance(self.dtype, (IntervalDtype, StringDtype)):
@@ -1746,6 +1748,8 @@ def putmask(self, mask, new) -> list[Block]:
         try:
             # Caller is responsible for ensuring matching lengths
             values._putmask(mask, new)
+        except OutOfBoundsDatetime:
+            raise
         except (TypeError, ValueError):
             if self.ndim == 1 or self.shape[0] == 1:
                 if isinstance(self.dtype, IntervalDtype):

pandas/core/methods/selectn.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Generic,
+    Literal,
     cast,
     final,
 )
@@ -54,7 +55,9 @@
 
 
 class SelectN(Generic[NDFrameT]):
-    def __init__(self, obj: NDFrameT, n: int, keep: str) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self, obj: NDFrameT, n: int, keep: Literal["first", "last", "all"]
+    ) -> None:
         self.obj = obj
         self.n = n
         self.keep = keep
@@ -111,15 +114,25 @@ def compute(self, method: str) -> Series:
         if n <= 0:
             return self.obj[[]]
 
-        dropped = self.obj.dropna()
-        nan_index = self.obj.drop(dropped.index)
+        # Save index and reset to default index to avoid performance impact
+        # from when index contains duplicates
+        original_index: Index = self.obj.index
+        default_index = self.obj.reset_index(drop=True)
 
-        # slow method
-        if n >= len(self.obj):
+        # Slower method used when taking the full length of the series
+        # In this case, it is equivalent to a sort.
+        if n >= len(default_index):
             ascending = method == "nsmallest"
-            return self.obj.sort_values(ascending=ascending).head(n)
+            result = default_index.sort_values(ascending=ascending, kind="stable").head(
+                n
+            )
+            result.index = original_index.take(result.index)
+            return result
+
+        # Fast method used in the general case
+        dropped = default_index.dropna()
+        nan_index = default_index.drop(dropped.index)
 
-        # fast method
         new_dtype = dropped.dtype
 
         # Similar to algorithms._ensure_data
@@ -158,7 +171,7 @@ def compute(self, method: str) -> Series:
         else:
             kth_val = np.nan
         (ns,) = np.nonzero(arr <= kth_val)
-        inds = ns[arr[ns].argsort(kind="mergesort")]
+        inds = ns[arr[ns].argsort(kind="stable")]
 
         if self.keep != "all":
             inds = inds[:n]
@@ -173,7 +186,9 @@ def compute(self, method: str) -> Series:
             # reverse indices
             inds = narr - 1 - inds
 
-        return concat([dropped.iloc[inds], nan_index]).iloc[:findex]
+        result = concat([dropped.iloc[inds], nan_index]).iloc[:findex]
+        result.index = original_index.take(result.index)
+        return result
 
 
 class SelectNFrame(SelectN[DataFrame]):
@@ -192,7 +207,13 @@ class SelectNFrame(SelectN[DataFrame]):
     nordered : DataFrame
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, obj: DataFrame, n: int, keep: str, columns: IndexLabel) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        obj: DataFrame,
+        n: int,
+        keep: Literal["first", "last", "all"],
+        columns: IndexLabel,
+    ) -> None:
         super().__init__(obj, n, keep)
         if not is_list_like(columns) or isinstance(columns, tuple):
             columns = [columns]
@@ -277,4 +298,4 @@ def get_indexer(current_indexer: Index, other_indexer: Index) -> Index:
 
         ascending = method == "nsmallest"
 
-        return frame.sort_values(columns, ascending=ascending, kind="mergesort")
+        return frame.sort_values(columns, ascending=ascending, kind="stable")