if both index and axis are passed to drop() it will raise a better error message

Author: Khemkaran

pandas/core/generic.py

@@ -4569,6 +4569,8 @@ def drop(
             axis_name = self._get_axis_name(axis)
             axes = {axis_name: labels}
         elif index is not None or columns is not None:
+            if axis == 1 and index is not None:
+                raise ValueError("Cannot specify both 'axis' and 'index'")
             axes = {"index": index}
             if self.ndim == 2:
                 axes["columns"] = columns

pandas/tests/frame/methods/test_drop.py

@@ -346,6 +346,13 @@ def test_drop_multiindex_other_level_nan(self):
         )
         tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
 
+    def test_drop_multiindex_with_axis_and_index(self):
+        df = DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': ['foo', 'foo', 'bar']})
+        df = pd.concat([df], keys=['foo'], axis=1)
+        msg = "Cannot specify both 'axis' and 'index'"
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            df.drop(index='b', level=1, axis=1)
+
     def test_drop_nonunique(self):
         df = DataFrame(
             [