BUG: indexing with boolean array and categoricals

[jreback]

xref #12857

In [24]: df2 = df.apply(lambda x: x.astype('category',categories=(np.sort(pd.unique(df.values.ravel())))))

In [25]: df2
Out[25]: 
   A  B
0  a  b
1  a  c
2  b  d
3  c  a
4  d  a
5  a  e

after #12564, the boolean array is ok

In [28]: df2=='d'
Out[28]: 
       A      B
0  False  False
1  False  False
2  False   True
3  False  False
4   True  False
5  False  False

but indexing is broken

In [26]: df2[df2=='c']
ValueError: Wrong number of dimensions

[cchrysostomou]

I have been looking into this bug, and I found a change I could make in internals.py that did not raise any Value Errors and appeared to slice as expected; but I am not sure this is the safest change to make. The change I made resulted from me noticing that the transpose of each block within block manager did not seem to return the proper dimensions that would be expected from the boolean conditional dataframe.

Heres what I did:
In Internals.py -> where():

1. Line 1186, rather than take the transpose of the values, I took the transpose of cond

if transpose:
            #values = values.T
            cond = cond.T

2. Since I am not taking the transpose of values, then I commented out the following lines (1234-1235) where result is transposed

if self._can_hold_na or self.ndim == 1:

            #if transpose:
            #    result = result.T

            # try to cast if requested
            if try_cast:
                result = self._try_cast_result(result)

Now this did not solve the issue completely because I have found some additional bugs with the category dataframe keeping its format as category and not an object:

First note the following, using the changes above, and performing the following:

df = pd.DataFrame([list('ddddedddddddddcdddddddf'),list('cddddddddddddddddddddde')])
df2 = df.apply(lambda x: x.astype('category',categories=np.sort(pd.unique(df.values.ravel()))))
df[df=='d']  # this still works as expected
df2[df2=='d']  # this now returns a "mixture" of objects and categories
df2.info()

I have followed this bug into the following location: expressions.py/_where_standard()

np.where(_values_from_object(cond), _values_from_object(a),
                    _values_from_object(b))

If "a" is a category, then after performing this function, the result is converted to an object.

Second, I have noticed a similar bug when performing a transpose on categorical data (results are returned as objects):

df = pd.DataFrame([list('ddddedddddddddcdddddddf'),list('cddddddddddddddddddddde')])
df2 = df.apply(lambda x: x.astype('category',categories=np.sort(pd.unique(df.values.ravel()))))
df2.info()  # data format is categories
df2.transpose().transpose().info()  # data format becomes objects