diff --git a/pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx b/pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx
index 5b94f45490da4..e07e0088536e2 100644
--- a/pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx
+++ b/pandas/_libs/parsers.pyx
@@ -2132,6 +2132,9 @@ def sanitize_objects(ndarray[object] values, set na_values) -> int:
         if val in na_values:
             values[i] = onan
             na_count += 1
+        elif val in [0, 1, True, False]:
+            # Skip memoization, since 1==True and 0==False
+            values[i] = val
         elif val in memo:
             values[i] = memo[val]
         else:
diff --git a/pandas/tests/io/parser/common/test_common_basic.py b/pandas/tests/io/parser/common/test_common_basic.py
index 3680273f5e98a..d90e01ca4a40f 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/io/parser/common/test_common_basic.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/io/parser/common/test_common_basic.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 from pandas._config import using_string_dtype
 
+from pandas._libs import parsers as libparsers
 from pandas.compat import HAS_PYARROW
 from pandas.errors import (
     EmptyDataError,
@@ -830,3 +831,13 @@ def test_read_seek(all_parsers):
             actual = parser.read_csv(file)
         expected = parser.read_csv(StringIO(content))
     tm.assert_frame_equal(actual, expected)
+
+
+def test_dtype_conversion_in_sanitization():
+    # GH60088
+    values = np.array([1, True], dtype=object)
+    expected = np.array([1, True], dtype=object)
+    libparsers.sanitize_objects(values, na_values=set())
+    for v, e in zip(values, expected):
+        assert v == e
+        assert type(v) == type(e)