设计一个基于时间的键值数据结构,该结构可以在不同时间戳存储对应同一个键的多个值,并针对特定时间戳检索键对应的值。
实现 TimeMap 类:
TimeMap()初始化数据结构对象void set(String key, String value, int timestamp)存储键key、值value,以及给定的时间戳timestamp。String get(String key, int timestamp)- 返回先前调用
set(key, value, timestamp_prev)所存储的值,其中timestamp_prev <= timestamp。 - 如果有多个这样的值,则返回对应最大的
timestamp_prev的那个值。 - 如果没有值,则返回空字符串(
"")。
- 返回先前调用
示例:
输入:
["TimeMap", "set", "get", "get", "set", "get", "get"]
[[], ["foo", "bar", 1], ["foo", 1], ["foo", 3], ["foo", "bar2", 4], ["foo", 4], ["foo", 5]]
输出:
[null, null, "bar", "bar", null, "bar2", "bar2"]
解释:
TimeMap timeMap = new TimeMap();
timeMap.set("foo", "bar", 1); // 存储键 "foo" 和值 "bar" ,时间戳 timestamp = 1
timeMap.get("foo", 1); // 返回 "bar"
timeMap.get("foo", 3); // 返回 "bar", 因为在时间戳 3 和时间戳 2 处没有对应 "foo" 的值,所以唯一的值位于时间戳 1 处(即 "bar") 。
timeMap.set("foo", "bar2", 4); // 存储键 "foo" 和值 "bar2" ,时间戳 timestamp = 4
timeMap.get("foo", 4); // 返回 "bar2"
timeMap.get("foo", 5); // 返回 "bar2"
提示:
1 <= key.length, value.length <= 100key和value由小写英文字母和数字组成1 <= timestamp <= 107set操作中的时间戳timestamp都是严格递增的- 最多调用
set和get操作2 * 105次
嵌套哈希表实现。
class TimeMap:
def __init__(self):
"""
Initialize your data structure here.
"""
self.ktv = defaultdict(list)
def set(self, key: str, value: str, timestamp: int) -> None:
self.ktv[key].append((timestamp, value))
def get(self, key: str, timestamp: int) -> str:
if key not in self.ktv:
return ''
tv = self.ktv[key]
# #查找第一个大于timestamp的
i = bisect_right(tv, (timestamp, chr(127)))
return tv[i - 1][1] if i else ''
# Your TimeMap object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = TimeMap()
# obj.set(key,value,timestamp)
# param_2 = obj.get(key,timestamp)class TimeMap {
private Map<String, TreeMap<Integer, String>> ktv;
/** Initialize your data structure here. */
public TimeMap() {
ktv = new HashMap<>();
}
public void set(String key, String value, int timestamp) {
ktv.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new TreeMap<>()).put(timestamp, value);
}
public String get(String key, int timestamp) {
if (!ktv.containsKey(key)) {
return "";
}
TreeMap<Integer, String> tv = ktv.get(key);
Integer t = tv.floorKey(timestamp);
return t == null ? "" : tv.get(t);
}
}
/**
* Your TimeMap object will be instantiated and called as such:
* TimeMap obj = new TimeMap();
* obj.set(key,value,timestamp);
* String param_2 = obj.get(key,timestamp);
*/因为 timestamp 是一直增长的,所以可以用二分查找快速找到值
type pair struct {
timestamp int
value string
}
type TimeMap struct {
data map[string][]pair
}
func Constructor() TimeMap {
return TimeMap{data: make(map[string][]pair)}
}
func (m *TimeMap) Set(key string, value string, timestamp int) {
m.data[key] = append(m.data[key], pair{timestamp, value})
}
func (m *TimeMap) Get(key string, timestamp int) string {
pairs := m.data[key]
// sort.Search return the smallest index i in [0, n) at which f(i) is true
i := sort.Search(len(pairs), func(i int) bool {
return pairs[i].timestamp > timestamp
})
if i > 0 {
return pairs[i-1].value
}
return ""
}