diff --git a/win32/build/config.w32 b/win32/build/config.w32
index 668995045725b..5e67872728102 100644
--- a/win32/build/config.w32
+++ b/win32/build/config.w32
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ ARG_ENABLE('debug-pack', 'Release binaries with external debug symbols (--enable
 if (PHP_DEBUG == "yes" && PHP_DEBUG_PACK == "yes") {
 	ERROR("Use of both --enable-debug and --enable-debug-pack not allowed.");
 }
+ARG_ENABLE('debug-assertions', 'Release binaries with debug assertions (--enable-debug must not be specified)', "no");
+if (PHP_DEBUG == "yes" && PHP_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS == "yes") {
+	ERROR("Use of both --enable-debug and --enable-debug-assertions not allowed.");
+}
 
 if (PHP_DEBUG == "yes") {
 	ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS"," /Wall ");
diff --git a/win32/build/confutils.js b/win32/build/confutils.js
index 95a4e5ce3c136..49e15834fd63f 100644
--- a/win32/build/confutils.js
+++ b/win32/build/confutils.js
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ can be built that way. \
 	var snapshot_build_exclusions = new Array(
 		'debug', 'lzf-better-compression', 'php-build', 'snapshot-template', 'zts',
 		'ipv6', 'fd-setsize', 'pgi', 'pgo', 'all-shared', 'config-profile', 'sanitizer',
-		'phpdbg-debug'
+		'phpdbg-debug', 'debug-assertions'
 	);
 	var force;
 
@@ -3475,10 +3475,15 @@ function toolset_setup_build_mode()
 		}
 		ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS", "/LD /MD");
 		if (PHP_SANITIZER == "yes" && CLANG_TOOLSET) {
-			ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS", "/Od /D NDebug /D NDEBUG /D ZEND_WIN32_NEVER_INLINE /D ZEND_DEBUG=0");
+			ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS", "/Od /D NDebug /D ZEND_WIN32_NEVER_INLINE");
 		} else {
 			// Equivalent to Release_TSInline build -> best optimization
-			ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS", "/Ox /D NDebug /D NDEBUG /GF /D ZEND_DEBUG=0");
+			ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS", "/Ox /D NDebug /GF");
+		}
+		if (PHP_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS == "yes") {
+			ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS", "/D ZEND_DEBUG=1");
+		} else {
+			ADD_FLAG("CFLAGS", "/D ZEND_DEBUG=0 /D NDEBUG");
 		}
 
 		// if you have VS.Net /GS hardens the binary against buffer overruns
diff --git a/win32/winutil.c b/win32/winutil.c
index e09944d131b9b..6e4325dcaecca 100644
--- a/win32/winutil.c
+++ b/win32/winutil.c
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ PHP_WINUTIL_API BOOL php_win32_crt_compatible(char **err)
 {/*{{{*/
 #if PHP_LINKER_MAJOR == 14
 	/* Extend for other CRT if needed. */
-# if PHP_DEBUG
+# if _DEBUG
 	const char *crt_name = "vcruntime140d.dll";
 # else
 	const char *crt_name = "vcruntime140.dll";