diff --git a/src/Type/Regex/RegexGroupParser.php b/src/Type/Regex/RegexGroupParser.php
index 946e492aa7..75db1668c7 100644
--- a/src/Type/Regex/RegexGroupParser.php
+++ b/src/Type/Regex/RegexGroupParser.php
@@ -446,7 +446,30 @@ private function walkGroupAst(
 		}
 
 		if ($ast->getId() === '#alternation') {
-			$inAlternation = true;
+			$newLiterals = [];
+			foreach ($children as $child) {
+				$walkResult = $this->walkGroupAst(
+					$child,
+					true,
+					$inClass,
+					$patternModifiers,
+					$walkResult->onlyLiterals([]),
+				);
+
+				if ($newLiterals === null) {
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				if (count($walkResult->getOnlyLiterals() ?? []) > 0) {
+					foreach ($walkResult->getOnlyLiterals() as $alternationLiterals) {
+						$newLiterals[] = $alternationLiterals;
+					}
+				} else {
+					$newLiterals = null;
+				}
+			}
+
+			return $walkResult->onlyLiterals($newLiterals);
 		}
 
 		// [^0-9] should not parse as numeric-string, and [^list-everything-but-numbers] is technically
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-12173.php b/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-12173.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e92ce7da4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-12173.php
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php // lint >= 7.4
+
+namespace Bug12173;
+
+use function PHPStan\Testing\assertType;
+
+class HelloWorld
+{
+	public function parse(string $string): void
+	{
+		$regex = '#.*(?<fruit>(apple|orange)).*#';
+
+		if (preg_match($regex, $string, $matches) !== 1) {
+			throw new \Exception('Invalid input');
+		}
+
+		assertType("'apple'|'orange'", $matches['fruit']);;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-12210.php b/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-12210.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..165b61b63e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/bug-12210.php
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php // lint >= 7.4
+
+declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace Bug12210;
+
+use function PHPStan\Testing\assertType;
+
+function bug12210a(string $text): void {
+	assert(preg_match('(((sum|min|max)))', $text, $match) === 1);
+	assertType("array{string, 'max'|'min'|'sum', 'max'|'min'|'sum'}", $match);
+}
+
+function bug12210b(string $text): void {
+	assert(preg_match('(((sum|min|ma.)))', $text, $match) === 1);
+	assertType("array{string, non-empty-string, non-falsy-string}", $match);
+}
+
+function bug12210c(string $text): void {
+	assert(preg_match('(((su.|min|max)))', $text, $match) === 1);
+	assertType("array{string, non-empty-string, non-falsy-string}", $match);
+}
+
+function bug12210d(string $text): void {
+	assert(preg_match('(((sum|mi.|max)))', $text, $match) === 1);
+	assertType("array{string, non-empty-string, non-falsy-string}", $match);
+}