Merge pull request #1090 from loglynl/patch-1

Update 7-0-policy.md

Author: audreyt

contents/english/7-0-policy.md

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ While Lick's approach mostly played out at universities, given they were the cen
 Yet while dictating this mission, Lick did not prejudge the right components to achieve it, instead establishing a network of "coopetitive" research labs, each experimenting and racing to develop prototypes of different components of these systems that could then be standardized in interaction with each other and spread across the network.  Private sector collaborators played important roles in contributing to this development, including Bolt Beranek and Newman (where Lick served as Vice President just before his role at IPTO and which went on to build a number of prototype systems for the internet) and Xerox PARC (where many of the researchers Lick supported later assembled and continued their work, especially after federal funding diminished). Yet, as is standard in the development and procurement of infrastructure and public works in a city, these roles were components of an overall vision and plan developed by the networked, multi-sectoral alliance that constituted ARPANET. Contrast this with a model primarily developed and driven in the interest of private corporations, the basis for most personal computing and mobile operating systems, social networks, and cloud infrastructures.  
 
 
-As we have noted repeatedly above, we need not only look back to the "good old days" for ARPANET or Taiwan for inspiration.  India's development of the "[India Stack](https://indiastack.org/)" has many similar characteristics.[^Indiastack]  More recently, the EU has been developing initiatives including [European Digital Identity](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/european-digital-identity_en)and [Gaia-X](https://gaia-x.eu/).  Jurisdictions as diverse as [Brazil](https://www.bcb.gov.br/en/financialstability/pix_en) and [Singapore](https://www.abs.org.sg/consumer-banking/fast) have experimented successfully with similar approaches.  While each of these initiatives has strengths and weaknesses, the idea that a public mission aimed at creating infrastructure that empowers decentralized innovation in collaboration with civil society and participation but not dominance from the private sector is increasingly a pattern, often labeled "digital public infrastructure" (DPI).  To a large extent, we are primarily advocating for this approach to be scaled up and become the central approach to the development of global ⿻ society.  Yet for this to occur, the ARPA and Taiwan models need to be updated and adjusted for this potentially dramatically increased scale and ambition.
+As we have noted repeatedly above, we need not only look back to the "good old days" for ARPANET or Taiwan for inspiration.  India's development of the "[India Stack](https://indiastack.org/)" has many similar characteristics.[^Indiastack]  More recently, the EU has been developing initiatives including [European Digital Identity](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/europe-fit-digital-age/european-digital-identity_en) and [Gaia-X](https://gaia-x.eu/).  Jurisdictions as diverse as [Brazil](https://www.bcb.gov.br/en/financialstability/pix_en) and [Singapore](https://www.abs.org.sg/consumer-banking/fast) have experimented successfully with similar approaches.  While each of these initiatives has strengths and weaknesses, the idea that a public mission aimed at creating infrastructure that empowers decentralized innovation in collaboration with civil society and participation but not dominance from the private sector is increasingly a pattern, often labeled "digital public infrastructure" (DPI).  To a large extent, we are primarily advocating for this approach to be scaled up and become the central approach to the development of global ⿻ society.  Yet for this to occur, the ARPA and Taiwan models need to be updated and adjusted for this potentially dramatically increased scale and ambition.
 
 [^Indiastack]: Vivek Raghavan, Sanjay Jain and Pramod Varma, "India Stack—Digital Infrastructure as Public Good", *Communications of the ACM* 62, no. 11: 76-81.
 
@@ -224,4 +224,4 @@ For them to do so, ⿻ will have to go far beyond a set of creative technologies
 
 [^Planning]: Benjamin Bertelsen and Ritul Gaur, "What We Can Expect for Digital Public Infrastructure in 2024", *World Economic Forum Blog* February 13, 2024 at https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/02/dpi-digital-public-infrastructure.    Especially in the developing world, many countries have ministries of planning that could naturally host or spin off such a function.  
 [^Ext]: Economists would refer to such taxes as "Pigouvian" taxes on "externalities".  While a reasonable way to describe some of the below, as noted in our Markets chapter, externalities may be more the rule than the exception and thus we prefer this alternative formulation.  For example, many of these taxes address issues of concentrated market power which do create externalities, but are not usually considered in the scope of Pigouvian taxation.
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