diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/CustomException.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/CustomException.java
index 2cd6202f..a2a14cdd 100644
--- a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/CustomException.java
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/CustomException.java
@@ -1,8 +1,17 @@
 package io.f1.backend.global.exception;
 
+import io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode.ErrorCode;
+
 public class CustomException extends RuntimeException {
 
-    public CustomException(String message) {
-        super(message);
+    private final ErrorCode errorCode;
+
+    public CustomException(ErrorCode errorCode) {
+        super(errorCode.getMessage());
+        this.errorCode = errorCode;
+    }
+
+    public ErrorCode getErrorCode() {
+        return errorCode;
     }
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/AuthErrorCode.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/AuthErrorCode.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54ffb652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/AuthErrorCode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+
+@Getter
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public enum AuthErrorCode implements ErrorCode {
+    UNAUTHORIZED("E401001", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "로그인이 필요합니다."),
+    AUTH_SESSION_NOT_FOUND("E401002", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "세션이 존재하지 않습니다. 로그인 후 이용해주세요."),
+    AUTH_SESSION_EXPIRED("E401003", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "세션이 만료되었습니다. 다시 로그인해주세요."),
+    AUTH_SESSION_LOST("E401004", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "세션 정보가 유실되었습니다. 다시 로그인해주세요."),
+    FORBIDDEN("E403001", HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "권한이 없습니다."),
+
+    LOGIN_FAILED("E401005", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "아이디 또는 비밀번호가 일치하지 않습니다.");
+
+    private final String code;
+
+    private final HttpStatus httpStatus;
+
+    private final String message;
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/CommonErrorCode.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/CommonErrorCode.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a998d9c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/CommonErrorCode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+
+@Getter
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public enum CommonErrorCode implements ErrorCode {
+    BAD_REQUEST_DATA("E400001", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "잘못된 요청 데이터입니다."),
+    INVALID_PAGINATION("E400006", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "page와 size는 1 이상의 정수여야 합니다."),
+    INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR(
+            "E500001", HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "서버에러가 발생했습니다. 관리자에게 문의해주세요."),
+    INVALID_JSON_FORMAT("E400008", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "요청 형식이 올바르지 않습니다. JSON 문법을 확인해주세요.");
+
+    private final String code;
+
+    private final HttpStatus httpStatus;
+
+    private final String message;
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/ErrorCode.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/ErrorCode.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a77eaa2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/ErrorCode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode;
+
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+
+public interface ErrorCode {
+
+    String getCode();
+
+    HttpStatus getHttpStatus();
+
+    String getMessage();
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/QuestionErrorCode.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/QuestionErrorCode.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9b7c0c1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/QuestionErrorCode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+
+@Getter
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public enum QuestionErrorCode implements ErrorCode {
+    QUESTION_NOT_FOUND("E404003", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "존재하지 않는 문제입니다.");
+
+    private final String code;
+
+    private final HttpStatus httpStatus;
+
+    private final String message;
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/QuizErrorCode.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/QuizErrorCode.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e03983b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/QuizErrorCode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+
+@Getter
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public enum QuizErrorCode implements ErrorCode {
+    FILE_SIZE_TOO_LARGE("E400005", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "파일 크기가 너무 큽니다."),
+    UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE("E415001", HttpStatus.UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE, "지원하지 않는 파일 형식입니다."),
+    INVALID_FILTER("E400007", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "title 또는 creator 중 하나만 입력 가능합니다."),
+    QUIZ_NOT_FOUND("E404002", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "존재하지 않는 퀴즈입니다.");
+
+    private final String code;
+
+    private final HttpStatus httpStatus;
+
+    private final String message;
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/RoomErrorCode.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/RoomErrorCode.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..191147ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/RoomErrorCode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+
+@Getter
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public enum RoomErrorCode implements ErrorCode {
+    ROOM_USER_LIMIT_REACHED("E403002", HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "정원이 모두 찼습니다."),
+    ROOM_GAME_IN_PROGRESS("E403003", HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "게임이 진행 중 입니다."),
+    ROOM_NOT_FOUND("E404005", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "존재하지 않는 방입니다."),
+    WRONG_PASSWORD("E401006", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "비밀번호가 일치하지않습니다.");
+
+    private final String code;
+
+    private final HttpStatus httpStatus;
+
+    private final String message;
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/UserErrorCode.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/UserErrorCode.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a53f35a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/errorcode/UserErrorCode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+
+@Getter
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public enum UserErrorCode implements ErrorCode {
+    NICKNAME_EMPTY("E400002", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "닉네임은 필수 입력입니다."),
+    NICKNAME_TOO_LONG("E400003", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "닉네임은 6글자 이하로 입력해야 합니다."),
+    NICKNAME_NOT_ALLOWED("E400004", HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "한글, 영문, 숫자만 입력해주세요."),
+    NICKNAME_CONFLICT("E409001", HttpStatus.CONFLICT, "중복된 닉네임입니다."),
+    USER_NOT_FOUND("E404001", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "존재하지 않는 회원입니다.");
+
+    private final String code;
+
+    private final HttpStatus httpStatus;
+
+    private final String message;
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/handler/GlobalExceptionHandler.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/handler/GlobalExceptionHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c5da75e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/handler/GlobalExceptionHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package io.f1.backend.global.exception.handler;
+
+import io.f1.backend.global.exception.CustomException;
+import io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode.CommonErrorCode;
+import io.f1.backend.global.exception.errorcode.ErrorCode;
+import io.f1.backend.global.exception.response.ErrorResponse;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException;
+import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
+
+@Slf4j
+@RestControllerAdvice
+public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(CustomException.class)
+    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleCustomException(CustomException e) {
+        log.warn(e.getMessage());
+        ErrorCode errorCode = e.getErrorCode();
+
+        ErrorResponse response = new ErrorResponse(errorCode.getCode(), errorCode.getMessage());
+        return new ResponseEntity<>(response, errorCode.getHttpStatus());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
+    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleException(Exception e) {
+        log.warn("handleException: {}", e.getMessage());
+        CommonErrorCode errorCode = CommonErrorCode.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
+
+        ErrorResponse response = new ErrorResponse(errorCode.getCode(), errorCode.getMessage());
+        return new ResponseEntity<>(response, errorCode.getHttpStatus());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
+    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleMethodArgumentNotValidException(
+            MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
+        log.warn("MethodArgumentNotValidException: {}", e.getMessage());
+        CommonErrorCode code = CommonErrorCode.BAD_REQUEST_DATA;
+
+        String message =
+                e.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
+                        .map(FieldError::getDefaultMessage)
+                        .findFirst()
+                        .orElse(code.getMessage());
+
+        ErrorResponse response = new ErrorResponse(code.getCode(), message);
+
+        return new ResponseEntity<>(response, code.getHttpStatus());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(HttpMessageNotReadableException.class)
+    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleHttpMessageNotReadableException(
+            HttpMessageNotReadableException e) {
+        log.warn("HttpMessageNotReadableException: {}", e.getMessage());
+        CommonErrorCode code = CommonErrorCode.INVALID_JSON_FORMAT;
+
+        ErrorResponse response = new ErrorResponse(code.getCode(), code.getMessage());
+
+        return new ResponseEntity<>(response, code.getHttpStatus());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/response/ErrorResponse.java b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/response/ErrorResponse.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42f423c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/main/java/io/f1/backend/global/exception/response/ErrorResponse.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package io.f1.backend.global.exception.response;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+
+@Getter
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+public class ErrorResponse {
+
+    private final String code;
+    private final String message;
+}